MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World

Lesson #21

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson Title: Solving Linear Programming: Maximization Problem Materials:

Student Activity Sheets, Calculator,
Lesson Objectives: At the end of this module, you should be able to: graphing paper, pencil and ruler.
1. 1. Solve linear programming maximization problems graphically.
2. 2. Interpret the solutions to maximization problems. References:
Winston S. Sirug, Ph.D., Basic
Quantitative Methods for Business

Productivity Tip: Create a work routine. One of the most effective ways to work more productively is to get into a
routine where you wake up, work and have breaks at around the same time each day.

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
Introduction (2 mins)

Linear programming is used for obtaining the most optimal solution for a problem with given constraints.
In linear programming, we formulate our real-life problem into a mathematical model. It involves an objective
function, linear inequalities with subject to constraints.
Many mathematical models designed to solve real world problems in business and economics involve
finding either the maximum or the minimum value of a function, subject to certain limitations. As a matter of fact,
these problems arise in the cases where available to resources are limited or cannot be fully utilized. In this
module, the primary concern is on solving a particular real-world problem by setting up its corresponding
mathematical model. It will be focus on maximization problems. You identify the parts on how to solve linear
programming, graph maximization problems and give decision rule.
Imagine you are an owner of a huge bakeshop and managing 200 people. Suddenly, you got an offer of
purchasing a machine that can do the job of your 200 employees. Would you take it? Why or Why not?

Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1 (3 mins)

Instructions: Write in the first column what you know about the given questions. The third column is left
blank at this time.

What I Know Questions: What I Learned (Activity 4)

1. Why linear programming is
important?

2. What is a maximization
problem?

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 MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Lesson #21

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

B. MAIN LESSON
Activity 2: Content Notes (13 mins)

Linear Programming is a method of dealing with decision problems that can be expressed as constrained
linear models. It will help managers to ideally develop a production schedule and an inventory policy that will
satisfy sales demand in the future period at the same time minimize the total production and inventory costs.

Two Properties of Linear Programming Problems

1. Maximizing (𝑃 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦)
2. Minimizing (𝐶 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦)

3. The function to be optimized in linear programming is called the objective function. This usually
refers to profit maximization or cost minimization. In linear programming problems, constraints
are given by inequalities (called inequality constraints).
4.
5. There are two types of constraints:
6. Structural Constraint is a limit on the availability of resources; it is also referred as explicit constraint.
Non-negativity constraint is the constraint that restricts all the variables to zero and positive solution; it
also referred as implicit constraint. Let’s take the linear programming model below.

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑧𝑒: 𝑃 = 1200𝑥 + 1600𝑦 𝑂𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 18
𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜: 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≤ 20} 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑥≤5
⋯ 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠

Solving linear programming: Maximization problem.

Example. A firm manufactures 2 products, A and B. Each product is processed by 2 machines, 𝑀1 and 𝑀2 .
Each unit of type A requires 1 hour of processing by 𝑀1 and 2 hours in 𝑀2 and each unit of type B requires 3
hours on 𝑀1 and 1 hour on 𝑀2 . The profit on product A is ₱20 per unit and on product B is ₱30 per unit. If 𝑀1 is
available for 200 hours each month and 𝑀2 for 300 hours, how many units of each type can be manufactured in
one month in order to maximize the profits?

Solution:
Step 1. Create a summary table (if necessary).
Let x be the product A and y be the product B. Make a contingency table if necessary.
Product Machine 1 Machine 2 Profit
x → 1x → 2x → 20x
y → 3y → 1y → 30y
Availability 200 hours 300 hours

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 MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Lesson #21

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Step 2. Set-up the functions: (objective, explicit and implicit)

Maximize: 𝑃 = 20𝑥 + 30𝑦
Subject to: 𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 200 hours time in Machine 1
2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 300 hours in Machine 2
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0

Step 3. Solve for feasible vertices algebraically or graphically using the equality functions above.
a) 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 200 Let x = 0, y = 66.67 (0, 66.67) let y = 0, x = 200 (200, 0)
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 300 Let x = 0, y = 300 (0, 300) let y = 0, x = 150 (150, 0)
(Choose the once closest to graphs origin since there are no other explicit constraints given.)
*selection varies depending on the functions

b) Point of intersection of 𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 200 and 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 300 ,

2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 300
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 300 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 300 −2𝑥 − 6𝑦 = −400
 
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 200 −2(𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 200) −5𝑦 = −100
𝑦 = 20
Solve for x: 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 200  𝑥 + 3 20 = 200  𝑥 = 200 − 60  𝑥 = 140  (140, 20)
( )

Thus, the feasible vertices are (0, 66.67), (150,0) and (140, 20).

(Or use graph to locate the feasible vertices easily, you may use https://www.desmos.com/calculator )

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 MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Lesson #21

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Step 4: Substitute the feasible vertices to the function to get the maximum
Maximize: 𝑃 = 20𝑥 + 30𝑦
20(0) + 30(66.67) = ₱2, 000.10
20(150) + 30(0) = ₱3, 000.00
20(140) + 30(20) = ₱3, 400.00
Step 5. Decision
Therefore, there are x = 140 units of product A and y = 20 units of product B.
Maximum profit of P3, 400.00

Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (with answer key) (18 mins + 2 mins checking)
Practice Exercises: Solve the given Linear Programming Maximization problem use the back pages of this
module or in a graphing paper.

Problem #1. A local boutique produced two designs of gowns A and B and has the following materials available:
18 square meters of cotton, and 20 square meters of silk, and 5 square meters of wool. Design A requires the
following: 3 square meters of cotton, 2 square meters of silk and 1 square meter of wool. Design B requires the
following: 2 square meters of cotton, 4 square meters of silk. If the Design A sells for ₱1,200 and Design B for
₱1,600, how many of each garment should the boutique produce to obtain the maximum amount of money?

Problem #2. Solve the given Linear Programming problem (Maximization Involving Mixed Constraints).
Maximize: 𝑃 = 30𝑥 + 60𝑦
Subject to: 6𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≥ 18
5𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 15
𝑥≥2
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
“Check your answers against the Key to Corrections found at the end of this SAS.
Write your score on your paper.”
Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2 (2 mins)
Instructions: Review the questions in the What I Know Chart from Activity 1 and write your answers to the
questions based on what you now know in the third column of the chart.

Activity 5: Check for Understanding (5 mins)

More Practice: Solve the given Linear Programming problem (Maximization Involving Mixed Constraints).
Use the back page of your activity sheet for our solution.
Maximize: 𝑃 = 6𝑥 + 4𝑦
Subject to: 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 18
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 20
2𝑦 ≤ 8
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0
“Check your answers against the Key to Corrections found at the end of this SAS.
Write your score on your paper.”

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 MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Lesson #21

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

C. LESSON WRAP-UP
Activity 6: Thinking about Learning (5 mins)
A. Work Tracker
You are done with this session! Let’s track your progress. Shade the session number you just
completed.

B. Think about your Learning

How’s the lesson? Let’s talk about your learning experience.

1. What is one strategy that you’ve never tried before that you think will help you better understand the
lesson? Describe it.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. Did you have challenges in today’s learning? How did you overcome those challenges?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

FAQs
1) What are the problems of linear programming?
For a problem to be a linear programming problem, the decision variables, objective function
and constraints all have to be linear functions. If all the three conditions are satisfied, it is called
a Linear Programming Problem.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Lesson #21

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

2) What is feasible solution in LPP?

A feasible solution is a set of values for the decision variables that satisfies all of the constraints
in an optimization problem. The set of all feasible solutions defines the feasible region of the
problem.

3) What are the applications of linear programming?

Some areas of application for linear programming include food and agriculture, engineering,
transportation, manufacturing and energy.

KEY TO CORRECTIONS
Activity 3: (5 points per problem)
Problem#1:
Step 1. Create a summary table (if necessary).
Materials Design A (x) Design B (y) Available
Cotton 3 2 18
Silk 2 4 20
Wool 1 0 5
Profit ₱1, 200 ₱1, 600

Step 2. Set-up the functions: (objective, explicit and implicit)

𝑃 = 1200𝑥 + 1600𝑦
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 18
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≤ 20
𝑥≤5
𝑥, 𝑦 ≥ 0

Step 3. Solve for feasible vertices algebraically or graphically using the equality functions above.
(a) 3𝑥 + 2 = 18 Let x = 0, y = 9 (0 , 9) and let y = 0, x = 6 (6 , 0)
2𝑥 + 4 = 20 Let x = 0, y = 5 (0 , 5) and let y = 0, x = 10 (10 , 0)
*note that 𝑥 ≤ 5
(b) Point of intersection of 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 18 and 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≤ 20 , we have x = 4 and y = 3 ; (4 , 3)

(c) 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 18 Let x = 5, y = 1.5 (5 , 1.5) *the closest to the origin

2𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≤ 20 Let x = 5, y = 2.5 (5 , 2.5)

(The graph)…

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 MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Lesson #21

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Step 4: Substitute the feasible vertices to the function to get the maximum
𝑃 = 1200𝑥 + 1600𝑦
1200(0) + 1600(5) = ₱8, 000
1200(4) + 1600(3) = ₱9, 600
1200(5) + 1600(1.5) = ₱8, 400

Step 5. Decision
There are x = 4 Design A gowns and y = 3 Designs B gowns with the Maximum Profit of ₱9,600.

Problem #2: Answer: There are x = 2 and y = 5 with the maximum value of 360

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 MAT 152: Mathematics in the Modern World
Lesson #21

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Activity 5. (5points)
Decision: Therefore, the coordinate (10, 0) will give the highest value of 60.
X = 10, Y = 0, P = 60

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