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Assumptions: (Icy Lake, 0 °C)

1) Oil flows through a pipeline submerged in icy lake water. The properties and conditions are given to calculate the exit temperature of the oil and rate of heat loss. 2) The exit temperature of the oil is calculated to be 9.68°C using the properties, flow rate, heat transfer coefficient, surface area and temperature difference. 3) The rate of heat loss from the oil to the lake water is calculated to be 3.31 kW using the logarithmic mean temperature difference, heat transfer coefficient and surface area.

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Kerlos Saeed
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42 views1 page

Assumptions: (Icy Lake, 0 °C)

1) Oil flows through a pipeline submerged in icy lake water. The properties and conditions are given to calculate the exit temperature of the oil and rate of heat loss. 2) The exit temperature of the oil is calculated to be 9.68°C using the properties, flow rate, heat transfer coefficient, surface area and temperature difference. 3) The rate of heat loss from the oil to the lake water is calculated to be 3.31 kW using the logarithmic mean temperature difference, heat transfer coefficient and surface area.

Uploaded by

Kerlos Saeed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 8 Internal Forced Convection

8-44 Oil flows through a pipeline that passes through icy waters of a lake. The exit temperature of the oil
and the rate of heat loss are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 The surface temperature of the pipe is very nearly 0°C.
3 The thermal resistance of the pipe is negligible. 4 The inner surfaces of the pipeline are smooth. 5 The
flow is hydrodynamically developed when the pipeline reaches the lake.
(Icy lake, 0°C)
Properties The properties of oil at 10°C are (Table A-13)
ρ = 893.5 kg/m 3 , k = 0.146 W/m.°C Oil
10°C
μ = 2.325 kg/m.s, υ = 2591 × 10 m /s -6 2
D = 0.4 m
0.5 m/s Te
C p = 1838 J/kg.°C, Pr = 28750
Analysis (a) The Reynolds number in this case is L = 300 m
Vm D h (0.5 m/s)(0.4 m)
Re = = = 77.19
υ 2591× 10 −6 m 2 /s
which is less than 2300. Therefore, the flow is laminar, and the thermal entry length is roughly
Lt = 0.05 Re Pr D = 0.05(77.19)(28750)(0.4 m ) = 44,384 m
which is much longer than the total length of the pipe. Therefore, we assume thermally developing flow,
and determine the Nusselt number from
⎛ 0.4 m ⎞
0.065⎜ ⎟(77.19)(28,750)
Nu =
hD
= 3.66 +
0.065( D / L) Re Pr
= 3.66 + ⎝ 300 m ⎠
= 24.47
k 1 + 0.04[( D / L) Re Pr ]2 / 3 ⎡⎛ 0.4 m ⎞ ⎤
2/3
1 + 0.04⎢⎜ ⎟(77.19)(28,750)⎥
⎣⎝ 300 m ⎠ ⎦
k 0.146 W/m.°C
and h = Nu = (24.47) = 8.930 W/m 2 .°C
D 0.4 m
Next we determine the exit temperature of oil
As = πDL = π (0.4 m)(300 m) = 377 m 2
⎛ πD 2 ⎞ π (0.4 m) 2
m& = ρV& = ρAc Vm = ρ ⎜⎜ ⎟Vm = (893.5 kg/m 3 )
⎟ (0.5 m/s) = 56.14 kg/s
⎝ 4 ⎠ 4
(8.930 )( 377 )
−
− hAs /( m& C p )
Te = Ts − (Ts − Ti )e = 0 − (0 − 10)e (56.14 )(1838)
= 9.68 °C
(b) The logarithmic mean temperature difference and the rate of heat loss from the oil are
Te − Ti 9.68 − 10
ΔTln = = = 9.84°C
⎛ T s − Te ⎞ ⎛ 0 − 9.68 ⎞
ln⎜⎜ ⎟
⎟
ln ⎜ ⎟
⎝ Ts − Ti ⎠ ⎝ 0 − 10 ⎠
Q& = hAs ΔTln = (8.930 W/m 2 .°C)(377 m 2 )(9.84°C) = 3.31× 10 4 W = 3.31 kW
The friction factor is
64 64
f = = = 0.8291
Re 77.19
Then the pressure drop in the pipe and the required pumping power become
L ρVm
2
300 m (893.5 kg/m 3 )(0.5 m/s) 2 ⎛ 1 kN ⎞⎛ 1 kPa ⎞
ΔP = f = 0.8291 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟⎜ ⎟ = 69.54 kPa
⎝ 1000 kg ⋅ m/s ⎠⎝ 1 kN/m ⎠
D 2 0.4 m 2 2

⎛ 1 kW ⎞
W& pump,u = V&ΔP = (0.0628 m 3 /s)(69.54 kPa )⎜ ⎟ = 4.364 kW
⎝ 1 kPa ⋅ m /s ⎠
3

Discussion The power input determined is the mechanical power that needs to be imparted to the fluid. The
shaft power will be much more than this due to pump inefficiency; the electrical power input will be even
more due to motor inefficiency.

8-18

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