Mitigating the impact of pointing errors in a 1 Tbps

OWC link through PCS and AGC-amplification

Marco A. Fernandes, Paulo P. Monteiro, and Fernando P. Guiomar

Instituto de Telecomunicações and University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Portugal.

[email protected]

10th November 2022

The 3rd Optical Wireless Communication Conference

1
Who are we?

Paulo Monteiro – Group Leader / Senior Marco Fernandes – PhD Student

Researcher / Associate Professor https://www.it.pt/Members/Index/27781
https://www.it.pt/Members/Index/448

Fernando Guiomar – Senior Researcher Manuel Freitas –MSc Student

https://www.it.pt/Members/Index/4556

Gil Fernandes – Post-Doc Researcher Leonardo Nascimento – Former MSc Student

https://www.it.pt/Members/Index/5475

© 2022, Instituto de Telecomunicações 3rd Optical Wireless Communication Conference, Veldhoven, The Netherlands 2
It is becoming real …

© 2022, Instituto de Telecomunicações 3rd Optical Wireless Communication Conference, Veldhoven, The Netherlands 3
 It is going further (and faster) …

1200 1. M. A. Fernandes, et al, "Free-Space Terabit Optical Interconnects," in Journal of Lightwave,

2022.

1 11 2. F. P. Guiomar, et al, "Coherent Free-Space Optical Communications: Opportunities and

Challenges," in Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2022.
1000
Bit-rate / wavelength (Gbps)

3. M. A. Fernandes, et al, "Highly Reliable Outdoor 400G FSO Transmission Enabled by ANN
Channel Estimation," 2022 Optical Fiber Communications Conference, 2022.
2
4. Giorgia Parca, et al, "Optical wireless transmission at 1.6-Tbit/s (16×100 Gbit/s) for next-
800 generation convergent urban infrastructures," Optical Engineering, 2013.
5. E. Ciaramella, et al, "1.28 terabit/s (32x40 Gbit/s) WDM transmission system for free space
optical communications," in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2009.
600 6. K. Matsuda et al., "Field Demonstration of Real-time 14 Tb/s 220 m FSO Transmission with
Class 1 Eye-safe 9-aperture Transmitter,“ Optical Fiber Communications Conference, 2021.
3 6
7. H. -W. Wu et al., "A 448-Gb/s PAM4 FSO Communication With Polarization-Multiplexing
400 Injection-Locked VCSELs Through 600 M Free-Space Link," in IEEE Access, 2020.
8. Pei-Lin Chen et al., "Demonstration of 16 channels 10 Gb/s WDM free space transmission
10 over 2.16 km," IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings, 2008.
200 4 9. Moon-Cheol Jeong et al., "8 x 10-Gb/s terrestrial optical free-space transmission over 3.4 km
5 7 using an optical repeater," in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2003.
8 9
10. A. Dochhan, et al., "13.16 Tbit/s Free-space Optical Transmission over 10.45 km for
0 Geostationary Satellite Feeder-links," Photonic Networks, 2019.
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 11. B. I. Bitachon, et al., "Tbit/s Single Channel 53 km Free-Space Optical Transmission
Assessing the Feasibility of Optical GEO-Satellite Feeder Links,“ European Conference on
Link distance (m) Optical Communication, 2022.

© 2022, Instituto de Telecomunicações 3rd Optical Wireless Communication Conference, Veldhoven, The Netherlands 4
Is it easy?

Atmospheric turbulence Pointing errors

© 2022, Instituto de Telecomunicações 3rd Optical Wireless Communication Conference, Veldhoven, The Netherlands 5
Adapting to the FSO channel

50 m

Resulting mainly from atmospheric turbulence, with Has a considerable slower impact in the link. Can result
coherence times between 1 – 10 ms. from weather changes, pointing errors, …

© 2022, Instituto de Telecomunicações 3rd Optical Wireless Communication Conference, Veldhoven, The Netherlands 6
Adapting to the FSO channel

400G transmission with NN channel estimation (power control)

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9748439

50 m

© 2022, Instituto de Telecomunicações 3rd Optical Wireless Communication Conference, Veldhoven, The Netherlands 7
Adapting to the FSO channel

400G+ transmission with adaptive bit-rate

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9152099

55 m
50 m

• A little bit more:

➢ 200 G outdoor free-space-optics link using a single-photodiode receiver, Abel Lorences-Riesgo et al @ JLT
➢ Adaptive probabilistic shaped modulation for high-capacity free-space optical links, Fernando P. Guiomar et al @
JLT
➢ Single-Wavelength Terabit FSO Channel for Datacenter Interconnects Enabled by Adaptive PCS, Marco A.
Fernandes et al @ OFC2021
➢ 400G MIMO-FSO Transmission with Enhanced Reliability Enabled by Joint LDPC Coding, Marco A. Fernandes et
al @ ECOC2021
➢ Free-Space Terabit Optical Interconnects, Marco A. Fernandes et al @ JLT
➢ Coherent Free-Space Optical Communications: Opportunities and Challenges, Fernando P. Guiomar et al @ JLT

© 2022, Instituto de Telecomunicações 3rd Optical Wireless Communication Conference, Veldhoven, The Netherlands 8
Why do we need a good alignment?

1 mm misalignment corresponds to
20 dB of power losses
55 m
50 m

© 2022, Instituto de Telecomunicações 3rd Optical Wireless Communication Conference, Veldhoven, The Netherlands 9
 Can we go around these requirements?

Adjusts the signal bit-rate to

ensure a reliable communication

55 m
50 m

Adjusts the optical gain to

• 64QAM-PCS signal, with a symbol-rate of 100 Gbaud. maintain a constant output power
• Goal: Use PCS and AGC to adjust the bitrate to account for sequential beam misalignment.

© 2022, Instituto de Telecomunicações 3rd Optical Wireless Communication Conference, Veldhoven, The Netherlands 10
Is AGC enough?

EDFA-AGC is enough to keep the

received power constant For higher deviations the gain is not
enough to flat the received power

50 m
• As we degrade the link alignment, the losses
are to high to be compensated by the EDFA-
AGC. In these scenarios, we can exploit PCS
to create a dynamic channel while maintaining
reliability.

© 2022, Instituto de Telecomunicações 3rd Optical Wireless Communication Conference, Veldhoven, The Netherlands 11
How do we create a dynamic channel?

55 m Exploiting the correlation between successive

50 m pointing errors we can estimate:
Roughly 20 dB loss
without AGC

• 𝑁 = 2;
• SNR margin = 1 dB.

© 2022, Instituto de Telecomunicações 3rd Optical Wireless Communication Conference, Veldhoven, The Netherlands 12
 Reaching 1 Tbps
If required, we use PCS to
decrease the signal bit-rate,
achieving a constant NGMI.

If AGC is enough, we have

a constant 1 Tbps channel,
and a constant NGMI.

• Even in the worst scenario, we demonstrate a FSO channel capable of supporting 900 Gbps, boosted by AGC and PCS.

© 2022, Instituto de Telecomunicações 3rd Optical Wireless Communication Conference, Veldhoven, The Netherlands 13
Conclusions

❑ Free-Space Optics is a reality, with increasing interest by the scientific community and by the
industry.

❑ We showed the seamless FSO capability for ultra high-capacity transmission, with a single
optical wavelength carrying a 1 Tbps bitrate.

❑ We can use AGC at the receiver to mitigate the power losses due to link misalignment.

❑ PCS is a viable contender for pointing errors mitigation, adapting the transmitted bitrate to the
channel quality.

© 2022, Instituto de Telecomunicações 3rd Optical Wireless Communication Conference, Veldhoven, The Netherlands 14
A little bit more about our work:

• Bruno T. Brandão et al “Cooperative FSO and mmWave System for Reliable 200G Wireless Transmission”, IEEE Photonics Letters:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9916303
• Fernando P. Guiomar et al “Coherent Free-Space Optical Communications: Opportunities and Challenges”, Journal of Lightwave Technology:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9749848
• Marco A. Fernandes et al “Highly Reliable Outdoor 400G FSO Transmission Enabled by ANN Channel Estimation”, OFC 2022:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9748439
• Marco A. Fernandes et al “Free-Space Terabit Optical Interconnects”, Journal of Lightwave Technology:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9640495
• Marco A. Fernandes et al “400G MIMO-FSO Transmission with Enhanced Reliability Enabled by Joint LDPC Coding”, ECOC 2021:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9605896
• Fernando P. Guiomar et al “400G+ Wireless Transmission via Free-Space Optics”, ECOC 2021:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9606136
• Fernando P. Guiomar et al “Adaptive Probabilistic Shaped Modulation for High-Capacity Free-Space Optical Links”, Journal of Lightwave
Technology: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9152099
• Marco A. Fernandes et al “Adaptive optical beam alignment and link protection switching for 5G-over-FSO”, Optics Express:
https://opg.optica.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-29-13-20136&id=451904

© 2022, Instituto de Telecomunicações 3rd Optical Wireless Communication Conference, Veldhoven, The Netherlands 15
 THANK YOU !
[email protected]

2020.07521.BD LCF/BQ/PR20/11770015

© 2022, Instituto de Telecomunicações 3rd Optical Wireless Communication Conference, Veldhoven, The Netherlands 16