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LECTURE 9 - Finite Element 2

1) The document is a lecture slide presentation on finite element structural analysis from Dr. N. Ramroop of the University of the West Indies. 2) The lecture covers methods for formulating stiffness matrices and derives the stiffness matrix for a spring element. 3) It shows how the force in a spring element is equal to the stiffness times the deflection, and uses this to formulate the individual terms of the stiffness matrix for a system with multiple spring elements.

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43 views36 pages

LECTURE 9 - Finite Element 2

1) The document is a lecture slide presentation on finite element structural analysis from Dr. N. Ramroop of the University of the West Indies. 2) The lecture covers methods for formulating stiffness matrices and derives the stiffness matrix for a spring element. 3) It shows how the force in a spring element is equal to the stiffness times the deflection, and uses this to formulate the individual terms of the stiffness matrix for a system with multiple spring elements.

Uploaded by

azap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

CVNG3002 MMXXI
STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS WEEK 10 LECTURE 10

Dr. N. RAMROOP 1
PhD MSc BSc MASCE MSEI MIABSE MAPETT REng
THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

CVNG3002 MMXXI FINITE ELEMENT


STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
Dr. N. RAMROOP 2
PhD MSc BSc MASCE MSEI MIABSE MAPETT REng
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

In today’s lecture
▪ Methods for formulating stiffness matrices
▪ Derivation of the stiffness matrix for a spring element
▪ Derivation of the shape function

3
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

METHODS FOR FORMULATING STIFFNESS MATRICES

4
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

5
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

SPRING ELEMENT STIFFNESS MATRIX

6
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝑘
𝐹𝑖 𝑖 𝑗 𝐹𝑗

𝑢𝑖 𝑢𝑗

7
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝑘
𝐹𝑖 𝑖 𝑗 𝐹𝑗

𝑢𝑖 ⟼ +𝑣𝑒 𝑢𝑗
𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 × 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝐹𝑖 = 𝑘 × 𝑢𝑖 − 𝑢𝑗 = 𝑘𝑢𝑖 − 𝑘𝑢𝑗 − − −1

𝐹𝑗 = 𝑘 × 𝑢𝑗 − 𝑢𝑖 = −𝑘𝑢𝑖 + 𝑘𝑢𝑗 − − −2

𝑘 −𝑘 𝑢𝑖 𝐹𝑖
𝑘𝑒 𝑢 = 𝐹
𝑢 = 𝐹 ⇒
−𝑘 𝑘 𝑗 𝑗

8
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝐹1 𝑘 (1) 𝐹2 𝑘 (2) 𝐹3
1 2 3

𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3
⟼ +𝑣𝑒

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 × 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝐹1 = 𝑘1 × 𝑢1 − 𝑢2 = 𝑘1 𝑢1 − 𝑘1 𝑢2 𝐹2 = 𝑘2 × 𝑢2 − 𝑢3 = 𝑘2 𝑢2 − 𝑘2 𝑢3

𝐹2 = 𝑘1 × 𝑢2 − 𝑢1 = −𝑘1 𝑢1 + 𝑘1 𝑢2 𝐹3 = 𝑘2 × 𝑢3 − 𝑢2 = −𝑘2 𝑢2 + 𝑘2 𝑢3

𝑘1 −𝑘1 𝑢1 𝐹1 𝑘2 −𝑘2 𝑢2 𝐹2
−𝑘1 𝑘1 𝑢2 = 𝐹2 −𝑘2 𝑘2 𝑢3 = 𝐹3

9
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝐹1 𝑘 (1) 𝐹2 𝑘 (2) 𝐹3
1 2 3

𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3
⟼ +𝑣𝑒

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 × 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛


1 2 2 3
1 𝑘1 −𝑘1 𝑢1 𝐹1 2 𝑘2 −𝑘2 𝑢2 𝐹2
2 −𝑘1 𝑘1 𝑢2 = 𝐹2 3 −𝑘2 𝑘2 𝑢3 = 𝐹3
1 2 3
1
2
3
10
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝐹1 𝑘 (1) 𝐹2 𝑘 (2) 𝐹3
1 2 3

𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3
⟼ +𝑣𝑒

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 × 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛


1 2 2 3
1 𝑘1 −𝑘1 𝑢1 𝐹1 2 𝑘2 −𝑘2 𝑢2 𝐹2
2 −𝑘1 𝑘1 𝑢2 = 𝐹2 3 −𝑘2 𝑘2 𝑢3 = 𝐹3
1 2 3
1
2
3
11
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝐹1 𝑘 (1) 𝐹2 𝑘 (2) 𝐹3
1 2 3

𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3
⟼ +𝑣𝑒

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 × 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛


1 2 2 3
1 𝑘1 −𝑘1 𝑢1 𝐹1 2 𝑘2 −𝑘2 𝑢2 𝐹2
2 −𝑘1 𝑘1 𝑢2 = 𝐹2 3 −𝑘2 𝑘2 𝑢3 = 𝐹3
1 2 3
1
2
3
12
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝐹1 𝑘 (1) 𝐹2 𝑘 (2) 𝐹3
1 2 3

𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3
⟼ +𝑣𝑒

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 × 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛


1 2 2 3
1 𝑘1 −𝑘1 𝑢1 𝐹1 2 𝑘2 −𝑘2 𝑢2 𝐹2
2 −𝑘1 𝑘1 𝑢2 = 𝐹2 3 −𝑘2 𝑘2 𝑢3 = 𝐹3
1 2 3
1 𝑘 −𝑘1
1
2 −𝑘 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 −𝑘2
1
3 −𝑘2 𝑘2
13
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝐹1 𝑘 (1) 𝐹2 𝑘 (2) 𝐹3
1 2 3

𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3
⟼ +𝑣𝑒

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 × 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛


1 2 2 3
1 𝑘1 −𝑘1 𝑢1 𝐹1 2 𝑘2 −𝑘2 𝑢2 𝐹2
2 −𝑘1 𝑘1 𝑢2 = 𝐹2 3 −𝑘2 𝑘2 𝑢3 = 𝐹3
1 2 3
1 𝑘 −𝑘1 0
1
2 −𝑘 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 −𝑘2
1
3 0 −𝑘2 𝑘2
14
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝐹1 𝑘 (1) 𝐹2 𝑘 (2) 𝐹3
1 2 3

𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3
⟼ +𝑣𝑒

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 × 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛


1 2 2 3
1 𝑘1 −𝑘1 𝑢1 𝐹1 2 𝑘2 −𝑘2 𝑢2 𝐹2
2 −𝑘1 𝑘1 𝑢2 = 𝐹2 3 −𝑘2 𝑘2 𝑢3 = 𝐹3
1 2 3
1 𝑘
1 −𝑘1 0 𝑢1 𝐹1
2 −𝑘 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 −𝑘2 = 𝑢2 = 𝐹2 𝐾 𝑈𝑛 = 𝐹
1
3 0 −𝑘2 𝑘2 𝑢3 𝐹3
15
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝐹1 𝑘 (1) 𝐹2 𝑘 (2) 𝐹3
1 2 3

𝑢1 𝑢2 𝑢3
⟼ +𝑣𝑒

𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 × 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛


1 2 2 3
1 𝑘1 −𝑘1 𝑢1 𝐹1 2 𝑘2 −𝑘2 𝑢2 𝐹2
2 −𝑘1 𝑘1 𝑢2 = 𝐹2 3 −𝑘2 𝑘2 𝑢3 = 𝐹3
1 2 3
1 𝑘
1 −𝑘1 0 𝑢1 𝐹1
2 −𝑘 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 −𝑘2 = 𝑢2 = 𝐹2 𝐾 𝑈𝑛 = 𝐹
1
3 0 −𝑘2 𝑘2 𝑢3 𝐹3
16
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝑘 (4)

𝑘 (1) 𝑘 (5)
1 5
2 4 ⟼ +𝑣𝑒
𝑘 (2) 𝑘 (3)
𝑢1 3 𝑢5
𝐹1 𝐹5
𝑢2 𝑢3 𝑢4
𝐹2 𝐹3 𝐹4

17
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝑘 (4)

𝑘 (1) 𝑘 (5)
1 5
2 4 ⟼ +𝑣𝑒
𝑘 (2) 𝑘 (3)
𝑢1 3 𝑢5
𝐹1 𝐹5
𝑢2 𝑢3 𝑢4
𝐹2 𝐹3 𝐹4

1 2 3 4 5
1 𝑘 (1)
2 𝑘 (1) + 𝑘 (2) + 𝑘 (4)
3 𝑘 (2) + 𝑘 (3)
4 𝑘 (3) + 𝑘 (4) + 𝑘 (5)
5 𝑘 (5)
18
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝑘 (4)

𝑘 (1) 𝑘 (5)
1 5
2 4 ⟼ +𝑣𝑒
𝑘 (2) 𝑘 (3)
𝑢1 3 𝑢5
𝐹1 𝐹5
𝑢2 𝑢3 𝑢4
𝐹2 𝐹3 𝐹4

1 2 3 4 5
1 𝑘 (1) −𝑘 (1)
2 −𝑘 (1) 𝑘 (1) + 𝑘 (2) + 𝑘 (4)
3 𝑘 (2) + 𝑘 (3)
4 𝑘 (3) + 𝑘 (4) + 𝑘 (5)
5 𝑘 (5)
19
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝑘 (4)

𝑘 (1) 𝑘 (5)
1 5
2 4 ⟼ +𝑣𝑒
𝑘 (2) 𝑘 (3)
𝑢1 3 𝑢5
𝐹1 𝐹5
𝑢2 𝑢3 𝑢4
𝐹2 𝐹3 𝐹4

1 2 3 4 5
1 𝑘 (1) −𝑘 (1)
2 −𝑘 (1) 𝑘 (1) + 𝑘 (2) + 𝑘 (4) −𝑘 (2)
3 −𝑘 (2) 𝑘 (2) + 𝑘 (3)
4 𝑘 (3) + 𝑘 (4) + 𝑘 (5)
5 𝑘 (5)
20
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝑘 (4)

𝑘 (1) 𝑘 (5)
1 5
2 4 ⟼ +𝑣𝑒
𝑘 (2) 𝑘 (3)
𝑢1 3 𝑢5
𝐹1 𝐹5
𝑢2 𝑢3 𝑢4
𝐹2 𝐹3 𝐹4

1 2 3 4 5
1 𝑘 (1) −𝑘 (1)
2 −𝑘 (1) 𝑘 (1) + 𝑘 (2) + 𝑘 (4) −𝑘 (2)
3 −𝑘 (2) 𝑘 (2) + 𝑘 (3) −𝑘 (3)
4 −𝑘 (3) 𝑘 (3) + 𝑘 (4) + 𝑘 (5)
5 𝑘 (5)
21
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝑘 (4)

𝑘 (1) 𝑘 (5)
1 5
2 4 ⟼ +𝑣𝑒
𝑘 (2) 𝑘 (3)
𝑢1 3 𝑢5
𝐹1 𝐹5
𝑢2 𝑢3 𝑢4
𝐹2 𝐹3 𝐹4

1 2 3 4 5
1 𝑘 (1) −𝑘 (1)
2 −𝑘 (1) 𝑘 (1) + 𝑘 (2) + 𝑘 (4) −𝑘 (2) −𝑘 (4)
3 −𝑘 (2) 𝑘 (2) + 𝑘 (3) −𝑘 (3)
4 −𝑘 (4) −𝑘 (3) 𝑘 (3) + 𝑘 (4) + 𝑘 (5)
5 𝑘 (5)
22
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝑘 (4)

𝑘 (1) 𝑘 (5)
1 5
2 4 ⟼ +𝑣𝑒
𝑘 (2) 𝑘 (3)
𝑢1 3 𝑢5
𝐹1 𝐹5
𝑢2 𝑢3 𝑢4
𝐹2 𝐹3 𝐹4

1 2 3 4 5
1 𝑘 (1) −𝑘 (1)
2 −𝑘 (1) 𝑘 (1) + 𝑘 (2) + 𝑘 (4) −𝑘 (2) −𝑘 (4)
3 −𝑘 (2) 𝑘 (2) + 𝑘 (3) −𝑘 (3)
4 −𝑘 (4) −𝑘 (3) 𝑘 (3) + 𝑘 (4) + 𝑘 (5) −𝑘 (5)
5 −𝑘 (5) 𝑘 (5)
23
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝑘 (4)

𝑘 (1) 𝑘 (5)
1 5
2 4 ⟼ +𝑣𝑒
𝑘 (2) 𝑘 (3)
𝑢1 3 𝑢5
𝐹1 𝐹5
𝑢2 𝑢3 𝑢4
𝐹2 𝐹3 𝐹4

1 2 3 4 5
1 𝑘 (1) −𝑘 (1) 0 0 0
2 −𝑘 (1) 𝑘 (1) + 𝑘 (2) + 𝑘 (4) −𝑘 (2) −𝑘 (4) 0
3 0 −𝑘 (2) 𝑘 (2) + 𝑘 (3) −𝑘 (3) 0
4 0 −𝑘 (4) −𝑘 (3) 𝑘 (3) + 𝑘 (4) + 𝑘 (5) −𝑘 (5)
5 0 0 0 −𝑘 (5) 𝑘 (5)
24
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

SHAPE FUNCTION

25
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

26
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

27
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

1 2 3 4

1 2
3

1 2
3

28
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝑢1 1 2
𝑢2
𝑙

𝑢 = 𝑁1 𝑢1 + 𝑁2 𝑢2

𝑢1
𝑢 = 𝑁1 𝑁2 𝑢2

29
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝑢1 1 2
𝑢2
𝑙
𝑥=0 𝑥=𝑙

𝑢 𝑥 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 𝑥 − − −1

𝑎1
𝑢(𝑥) = 1𝑥 𝑎 − − −2
2

𝑥=0 𝑢 = 𝑢1 𝑥=𝑙 𝑢 = 𝑢2

𝑢1 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 (0) 𝑢2 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 (𝑙)
𝑢1 = 𝑎1
30
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝑢1 = 𝑎1 𝑢1 1 2
𝑢2
𝑢2 = 𝑎1 + 𝑎2 (𝑙) 𝑙
𝑥=0 𝑥=𝑙

𝑢1 1 0 𝑎1 adj(𝐴)
𝑢2 = 1 𝑙 𝑎2 𝐴−1 =
𝐴
𝑙 0
adj(𝐴) =
−1 1
𝑎1 −1 𝑢1
1 0
𝑎2 = 𝑢2 𝐴 =𝑙
1 𝑙

𝑎1 1 𝑙 0 𝑢1 𝑙 0 𝑢1
𝑎2 = 𝑙 −1 1 𝑢2 = −1/𝑙 1/𝑙 𝑢2
31
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝑎1 1 𝑙 0 𝑢1 𝑙 0 𝑢1
𝑎2 = 𝑙 −1 1 𝑢2 = −1/𝑙 1/𝑙 𝑢2
𝑎1
𝑢(𝑥) = 1𝑥 𝑎 − − −2
2

𝑙 0 𝑢1
𝑢(𝑥) = 1𝑥 𝑢2
−1/𝑙 1/𝑙
𝑢1
𝑢(𝑥) = 1 − 𝑥/𝑙 𝑥/𝑙 𝑢
2

𝑢1
𝑢 = 𝑁1 𝑁2 𝑢2
32
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

𝑢1
𝑢(𝑥) = 1 − 𝑥/𝑙 𝑥/𝑙 𝑢
2

𝑢1
𝑢 = 𝑁1 𝑁2 𝑢2

𝑁1 1 − 𝑥/𝑙
𝑁2 𝑥/𝑙

33
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

example

𝑢1 = 0 𝑢2 = 0.2 𝑚𝑚
1 2
80𝑚𝑚
𝑥=0 𝑥 = 80 𝑚𝑚

34
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

solution
𝑢1 = 0 𝑢1 = 0 𝑢2 = 0.2 𝑚𝑚
1 2
𝑢2 = 0.2 𝑚𝑚
80𝑚𝑚
𝑥 = 80 𝑚𝑚
𝑥=0 𝑥 = 80 𝑚𝑚
𝑢1
𝑢 = 𝑁1 𝑁2 𝑢2
𝑢1
𝑢(𝑥) = 1 − 𝑥/𝑙 𝑥/𝑙 𝑢
2

20 20 0
𝑢 20 = 1 − = 0.05𝑚𝑚
80 80 0.2
35
CVNG 3002- Dr. N. Ramroop Lecture 10– FEA

END OF LECTURE

next lecture
• Finite Element Analysis
36

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