J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No.

6A

trwfBuD;OD;ay:OD;avQmufxkH;ac: u0daowåKrÍÆLomusrf;
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udk;um;í bdk;awmfbk&m; ar;awmfrlorQudk pum;ykH? pum;pOfwdkYjzifh
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OD;ay:OD;\ avQmufxkH;rsm;udk tavhvmcHtjzpf owfrSwfavhvmygonf/
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jyefvm&aom ta&;taMumif;wGif acG;avmif;jzpfírBuHEdkif[k oHawmfOD;
wifaMumif; avQmufxkH;ESifh trwfBuD;OD;ay:OD;udk &mZ0wfawmfESifh
odEéDodkY ydkYonfudk jyqdkjcif;taMumif; avQmufxkH; 3-ckudk taMumif;
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rsm;onf jrefrmrif;wdkYu ynm&SdtrwfBuD;rsm;tm; wdkif;a&;jynfa&;? pD;yGm;a&;?
vlrIa&;? bmoma&;tjzmjzmudk ar;jref;onfwdkYudk trwfBuD;rsm;u usrf;*ef
pmaytudk;tum;rsm;jzifh avQmufwifcsufrsm;udk rSwfwrf;wifxm;aomusrf;rsm;
jzpfonf/ xdkodkYjzpfaomaMumifh a&S;jrefrmrif;wdkY\ tkyfcsKyfykHenf;emrsm;udk
odcGifh&ygonf/ wdkif;a&;jynfrIü rdrdwdkYoabmwpfckwnf;ESifh rqkH;jzwfbJ
ynm&SdrSL;rwfrsm;ESifh wdkifyifavh&SdykHudk od&ygonf/ ynm&SdrSL;rwfrsm;taeESifh
tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif bk&ifudk wnfhrwfxdef;uGyfay;&onfhae&mrS yg0if&olrsm;
jzpfonfhtavsmuf yifukdÓPf&nfÓPfaoG; xufjrufrI? pmayusrf;*ef avhvm
Ä a'gufwm? wGJzufygarmu©? jrefrmpmXme? uav;wuúodkvf
508 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

wwfuRrf;rI? wnfhrwfrSefuefaom pdwfxm;&SdrI qdkonfh t&nftaoG;rsm;

&Sd&aMumif; od&ygonf/ ynm&Sdtrwfrsm;taeESifh rnfonfhbufrQ rsufESm
rvdkuf? t*wdrvdkufpm;bJ wdkif;jynfrsufESmudkMunfhí tBuHjyKay;ykHwdkYrSm
av;pm;zG,f jzpfygonf/ a&S;jrefrmynm&Sdtrwfrsm;\ t&nftcsif;ESifh pdwful;
apwemwkdYudk cHpm;&&SdEdkifygonf/ ynm&Sdudk ae&may;aom jrefrmrif;wdkY \
oabmxm;rSmvnf; ESpfoufzG,f jzpfygonf/ rif;ESifhynm&SdrSL;rwfwdkY cspfcif
&if;ESD;pGmjzifh tjyeftvSef em;vnfcGifhvTwfMuonfh qufqHa&;udk zwf&onfrSm
y&dowftm; MunfEl;pdwf? ESpfoufpdwf jzpfay:apygonf/ jrefrmh,Ofaus;rI?
jrefrmhtawG;tac:? jrefrmhpdwf"mwfwdkYudk cHpm;&&SdEdkifonfh tzdk;wefpmayrsm;
jzpfygonf/ xdkavQmufxkH;pum;ajyrsm;xJrS OD;ay:OD;\ avQmufxkH;usrf; 3-yk'fudk
taMumif;t&mydkif;? ta&;tom;ydkif;rS avhvmwifjyxm;ygonf/

1/ avQmufxk;H pum;ajy [lonf

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&Sdonf/ bk&ifuwdkifyifí trwfBuD;rsm;u avQmufxm;
aomtcg xkH;ykHom"ursm;ESifh avQmufxm;avh &Sdonf/
xdkavQmufxkH;rsm;udk 0efaxmufrsm;? pma&;awmfBuD;rsm;u
rSwfom;í a½TwdkufawmfwGif rSwfwrf;wifxm;avh &Sdonf/
nDvmcHwGif xdkavQmufxkH;rsm;udk Mum;emMuaom ynm&Sd
rSL;rwfwdkYuvnf; rSwfom;í tqifhqifh ajymMum;avh
&Sdonf/}}1
[lí avQmufxkH;obm0udk azmfjycJhayonf/

1
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J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 509

a&S;OD;pGm avQmufxkH;ESifhywfoufNyD; jrefrmtbd"mefESifh jrefrmt*Fvdyf

tbd"mefwdkYwGif-
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avQmufxm;csuf}}1
]]avQmufxkH;- ^/6 au? thòũ thcompilation of learned
discourses or memorable sayings presented to the king by
2
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[k jynfh&Sifrif;tm; avQmufxm;onfh ynm&SdrSL;rwfwdkY\ vrf;ñTefpum;rsm;
odkYr[kwf rSwfom;zG,f tqdktrdefYrsm; [lí t"dyÜm,fzGifhxm;ygonf/
tvm;wl jrefrmpmokawoe*sme,f twGJ-2 wGif-
]]avQmufxkH; [lonfum; a&S;jrefrmrif;rsm;tm; rSL;rwf
ynm&SdwdkYu taMumif;t&m rIcif;wpf&yfESifh ywfoufí
rSwfom;zG,f tusdK;taMumif; tpOftvm avQmufxm;csuf
rsm;jzpfonf/ rnfodYk aqmif½Gufoifah Mumif; tusdK;taMumif;
tqdk;taumif;udk tudk;tum; taxmuftxm;rsm;jzifh
qifjcifcsifhwGuf avQmufxm;csufrsm; jzpfonf/}}
[lí avQmufxkH;\oabmudk zGifhqdkjyxm;ygonf/
xdkUaMumifh avQmufxkH;pum;ajyqdkonfrSm pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;? EdkifiHa&;?
ynma&; todtjrif A[kokwwdk;yGm;a&;wdkYESifh ywfoufNyD; &Sifbk&if odkYr[kwf
wdkif;jynftBuD;tuJwdkY\ ar;jref;csufrsm;udk rSL;rwfynm&Sd? &[ef;ynm&SdwdkYu
taMumif;oifh? tusdK;oifh jyefvnfajz&Sif; avQmufxm;ykHrsm;udk pum;ajy
ta&;tom;jzifh rSwfwrf;wifxm;csufrsm;yif jzpfonf/

2/ bdk;awmfbk&m;ESifh trwfBuD;OD;ay:OD;
trwfBuD;OD;ay:OD;ESifh bdk;awmfbk&m;wdkY\ qufpyfywfoufrIudk &mZ0if
rsm;ü rawGU&aomfvnf; arSmfbDq&modef;BuD; a&;om;aom yg;pyf&mZ0if
pmtkyfwGifvnf; pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m awGU&Sd&ygonf/ arSmfbDq&modef;BuD; \
1
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2
jrefrmpmtzGJU? 1991? 469/
510 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

pmpkrsm;udk avhvmMunfhaomtcg tMurf;tm;jzifh okH;rsdK; okH;pm; awGU&

ygonf/
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yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ trSwftom;rsm;udk Mum;empkaqmif;&mrS yg;pyf&mZ0ifpmtkyf
ay:vmcJhonf/ xdkyg;pyf&mZ0ifpmtkyfwGif bdk;awmfbk&m;ESifh i,fuRefrsm;
taMumif;udk awGUEdkifygonf/ yg;pyf&mZ0ifwGif bdk;awmfbk&m;ESifh rif;rIxrf;?
i,fuRefrsm; qufqHa&;rsm;udk awGU&onf/ bdk;awmfbk&m;u rdrdvufxufü
tjzpftysuffrsm;udk &mZ0ifü razmfjy&m[k qdkxm;onf/ &mZ0ifwGifrygaom
taMumif;t&mrsm;udk yg;pyf&mZ0ifü wifjyxm;ygonf/ yg;pyf&mZ0ifwGif
bdk;awmfbk&m;udk rif;wpfyg;tjzpfrjrifbJ vlxJu vlom;wpfOD;tjzpf jrifxm;
ygonf/
c&pfouú&mZf 1752 ckESpf rSpí c&pfESpf 1885 ckESpf oDaygrif;
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onf/ ukef;abmifacwfudk wnfaxmifcJhonfh tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD;
OD;atmifaZ,sESifh rdzk&m;acgifBuD;wdkYwGif om;awmf 6 yg; &Sdonf/ tavmif;rif;
w&m;BuD;onf om;awmfrsm;udk tvGefcspfcifí xD;eef;a&;&m ½IyfaxG;rnfudk
pdk;&drfaomaMumifh igr&Sdonfhaemuf ighom;awmfrsm;onf xD;eef;udk BuD;pOf
i,fvdkuf qufcH&ef rdefYrSmawmfrlcJhonf/ tavmif;rif;w&m;BuD; ewf&GmpH
NyD;aemuf om;awmfBuD; aemifawmfBuD; xD;eef;qufcHonf/ crnf;awmf\
qE´twkdif; nDawmf ajr'l;rif;om;udk tdrfa&SUpH xm;awmfrlonf/ nDawmf
ajr'l;rif;om; xD;eef;qufcHNyD;vQif qifjzL½SifbGJUudk cH,lawmfrlonf/ xdkrif;
ESpfyg;tjyif tjrifhrif;? A'kHrif; (ac:) bdk;awmfbk&m;? ykcef;rif;? yif;wvJrif;
[lí av;yg; usef&Sdonf/ qifjzL&Sifrif;onf crnf;awmf\qE´udk rvdkufembJ
om;awmf pOfhul;rif;udk tdrfa&SUpH ay;awmfrlonf/ pOfhul;rif;eef;wufaom
tcgwGif baxG;awmf tjrifhrif;udk roifhaomtBuHudk BuHpnfonf[k qdkum
uGyfrsufpD&ifawmfrlonf/ tjcm;baxG;awmfrsm;udkvnf; ta0;odkY ESifcJhonf/
xdkodkYjzpfaomaMumifh A'kHrif; ac: bdk;awmfbk&m;onf rif;om;b0wGif
qif;qif;&J&J aecJh&onf/ armifay:OD;u ref;usnf;½GufEk a&mif;&onf/
armifjrwfxifu 0ef;aAmfaumif;wkHa&muf avSxdk;vdkufí auR;arG;&onf/
rdzk&m;BuD; rvGef;r,fu 0gBudwf? 0gzef? Adkif;iif? csnfcs? ,ufazmufa,muf?
&ufuef;,uf? csnfpmzD;? csnfpme,ftvkyfrsm;udk vkyfudkifcJhMu&onf/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 511

xdkodkYtm;jzifh bdk;awmfbk&m;onf 9-ESpfwdkifwdkif qif;qif;&J&J aexdkifcJh

&onf/ ol\i,fuRefawmfrsm;onf bdk;awmfbk&m; txGwftxdyfodkY a&mufaom
tcg csD;jr§ifhajr§mufpm;jcif; cHcJh&onf/ ausmfa½G;onf ajrxJNrdKUpm; &efukef
0efBuD; jzpfygonf/ armifay:OD;onf rif;wdkifyif twGif;0ef vTwfawmf0efBuD;
jzpfvmonf/ armifjrwfxifonf ouúywfjrif;0ef? vTwfawmf0ef? vTwfawmf
twGif;0ef&mxl;jzifh olaumif;jyKjcif; cH&onf/
trwfBuD;OD;ay:OD;onf bdk;awmfbk&m; vufxufomru bBuD;awmf
bk&m; vufxufwdkifatmif ynm&SdtrwfBuD;tjzpf cpm;xrf;½GufNyD; tcg
tm;avsmfpGm vdktyfovdk tBuHjyK avQmufwif&onf/ OD;ay:OD;onf ÓPfynm
BuD;½kHomru tcsdeftcg? tajctaeESifh udkufnDatmif zefwD;avQmufwif
wwfaomaMumifh 'ku©ESifhawGUolrsm;udkvnf; u,fwifEdkifcJhonf/ bdk;awmf
bk&m; a'gojzpfcsdefwGifvnf; a'goajyNyD;vQif pdwfMunfvifvmatmif
avQmufwifEdkifonf/ rdrdywf0ef;usif&Sd rSL;rwfrsm;udkvnf; bk&ifrif;jrwfu
trsufawmf&Sdaomtcg trsufajyatmif avQmufwifEdkifpGrf; &Sdonf/ bdk;awmf
bk&m;onf OD;ay:OD;ajymorQudk aAGr,lbJ NyKH;awmfrlum cGifhvTwfxm;avh
&Sdonf/ wpfcgwpf&Hvnf; pdwftNiD;awmfajyap&ef OD;ay:OD;tm; ar;cGef;rsm;
xkwfí ajzMum;avQmufwifaponf/ OD;ay:OD;avQmufxkH;udk avhvmjcif;jzifh
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rsm;udk rarhbJ rdrdtyg;wGif ajrSmufpm;csD;jr§ifhxm;onf/ i,fuRefwdkYuvnf;
qif;&JpOfu epfemcHí cpm;ouJhodkY txGwftxdyfodkY a&mufaomtcgwGif
vnf; rdrdwdkY\pGrf;tm;&Sdoavmuf bkd;awmfbk&m;tm; vkHNcKHatmif umuG,fay;
Muonf/ tBuHaumif; ÓPfaumif;rsm; ay;Muonf/ tcuftcJjyóemrsm;ESifh
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ygonf/ bdk;awmfbk&m;u rdrdvufxufwGif trwfBuD;OD;ay:OD;tm; tvGef
trif; ajrmufoGm;rnfpdk;í vGefvGefusL;usL; rcsD;jr§ifhcJhaomfvnf; om;awmfrsm;
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jyefvnfxkwfa0cJhonf/
512 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

3/ trwfBuD;OD;ay:OD; avQmufxkH;ac: u0daowåKrÍÆLomusrf;avhvmcsuf

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ckESpfvnf; rygaom pmtkyfwGifrl pmwpftkyfwnf;üyif yxrwGJ? 'kwd,wGJ?
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vufxufü avQmufwifaom avQmufxkH;rsm;udk azmfjyxm;onf/ 'kwd,wGJwGif
zefeef;&Sif ac: bBuD;awmfbk&m;vufxufü avQmufwifaom avQmufxkH;
rsm;udk azmfjyxm;onf/ wwd,wGJwGif bBuD;awmfbk&m;\nDawmf ukef;abmifrif;
vufxufwGif avQmufxm;aom avQmufxkH;ESifh rif;BuD;tm; trwfBuD;u
qufoGif;aom bkef;awmfbGJU? &moDbGJU uAsmrsm;ESifhtwl bdk;olawmfOD;rif;\
uAsmrsm;udk aygif;pnf;wifjyxm;ygonf/ þpmwrf;wGifrl bdk;awmfbk&m;
vufxufwGif avQmufwifaom avQmufxkH;rsm;teufrS avQmufxkH; 3-yk'fudk
avhvmwifjyoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/

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&mxl;bGJUxl;rsm; csD;jr§ifhcHcJh&onf/ OD;ausmfa&G;onf &efukefrif;BuD;&mxl;udk
cefYxm;cH&onf/ OD;ay:OD;onf &JwdkuftwGif;0efrif;BuD; &mxl;udk &&Sdonf/
ijrwfxifrSmrl bdk;awmfbk&m; txGwftxdyfokdYa&mufpOfwGif ta0;odYk a&mufae
&mrS tusdK;taMumif;od&SdNyD; rdrd,mcif;rS z½kH? z&J paom toD;rsm;udk
awmif;BuD;rsm;ESifhxnfhí a&muf&SdvmcJhonf/ bdk;awmfrif;w&m;ESifh rdzk&m;BuD;
xHodkY ijrwfxif0ifa&mufcpm;aomtcg bdk;awmfbk&m;u-
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rodatmif jzpfawmhonf/ tu,fqdkvQif udk,f\ocif
rif;tjzpfodkY a&mufonfudkMum;u tyg;awmfodkY vma&muf
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 513

oifhonf/ armifrif; jyefoGm;í tyg;awmfrSm usef&pfol

ausmfa&G;ESifh ay:OD;wdkYrSm &mxl;XmeEÅ&toD;oD; &MuukefNyD/
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]oifhtm; 0efBuD;rcefY&avovm;} [k rdefYMum;awmfrlonfudk pGJrSwfxm;NyD;vQif
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taqmifta,mifrsm;udk 0wfqifí vTwfawmfodkYwufí aeavonf/ &Jwdkuf
twGif;0ef OD;ay:OD;onf ijrwfxifudk jrifvQif oli,fcsif;rSef; odaomfvnf;
y&d,m,fjzifh rod[efaqmifaeonf/ bdk;awmfbk&m;vnf; ijrwfxifudkjrifvQif
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ygonf/ ijrwfxifonf aumif;wkHwdkifatmif avSxdk;vdkufí vkyfauR;cJhol
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514 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

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cHpm;Edkifatmif wifjya&;zGJUxm;onfudk awGU&ygonf/ avQmufxkH;yif
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J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 515

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516 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

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J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 517

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518 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

[k yg&Sdonf/ &mxl;&ol\tydkif;rS xm;&Sd&rnfh wm0ef0wå&m;tay: MunfjzLrI?

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jyefawmfrlcJh&onf/ wpfaeYwGif nDvmcHü rif;w&m;BuD;u a&S;wnfaxmif
rif;aumif;rif;jrwfwdkYvufxufü ynm&SdokcrdefwdkYonf &SdMuaomaMumifh
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 519

cufcJonfht&m[lí r&SdbJ tvkdvkd udpörsm;NyD;ajrmufMu&onf/ ra[mo"mZmwfü

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520 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

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ponfjzifh toHcsif;wlaom a0g[m&rsm;udk toHESifhcsdwfqufNyD; a&;zGJUxm;onf/
pum;tokH;tEIef; pkHvifrIaMumifh a&;[efonf cefYnm;½kHomru toHaMumifhvnf;
a&;[efonf xnf0gaeonf/ xdk0gustwGif;ü tajympum;ajyudk xnfhoGif;
&mü-
]]a½S;a½S;aom wdkif;½Sifjynfh½Sif bk&if;xD;aqmif; rif;aumif;
rif;jrwfwdkY vufxuftcgrSm avmu"r®&mZtaMumif;
xkH;a[mif;wEÅD ya0PDusrf;*eftwefwefudk rusefukefpif
odjrifvdr®maom ÓPftBuH vkHYv0D&d, Oó[ t[kefESifh
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J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 521

jynfhpkHaom rSL;rwf ynmwwfokcrdefwdkY &SdMuonfhtwGuf

cJcufaom t&mXme [lír&Sd/ rdrdwdkYtvdk&Sdaom udpö
tavsmuf NyD;ajrmufatmifjrifMuonfcsnf; jzpfonf}}1
[k a&;zGJUxm;ygonf/ bk&ifrif;jrwfu ajymqdkrdefYMum;onhf pum;jzpfonfh
tavsmuf qdkvdkcsufudk jynfhpkHay:vGifaponfh pum;vkH;zGJUpnf;rIrsm;? taMumif;
t&mudk cHhnm;xnf0gaponfh pum;vkH;zGJUpnf;rIrsm;? toHoabmt&vnf;
eabxyf um&efoabmaqmifonfh toHoGm; toHvmrsm;aMumifh bdk;awmf
bk&m;\ rdefYMum;aomavoHonf xD;oH? eef;oH aygufonf/ xD;oH? eef;oH
ay:vGifonf/ qkdvdkcsufrsm; NyD;jynfhpkHonf/ pm[ef cHhnm;xnf0gonf/
bk&ifrif;jrwfudkyif ]wdkif;½Sifjynfh½Sif bk&ifxD;aqmif; rif;aumif;
rif;jrwf} [k tus,fw0Hh zGJUqdkonf/ ynm&SdrSL;rwfrsm;udkyif-
]]ÓPftBuHvkHYv0D&d, Oó[t[kefESifh jynfhpkHaom
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[lí emr0daooetpkHtvifESifh jynfhjynfhpkHpkH cHhcHhnm;nm; a&;zGJUonf/ Bud,m
pum;vkH;rsm;udkokH;&müvnf; ]ta&;awmfrukef rjynfhpkH}? ]>rufMum;trdefY&Sdawmf
rlonf}? ]NyD;ajrmufatmifjrif} ponfjzifh Bud,mwGJvkH;rsm;jzifh av;euf
jynfhpkHatmif a&;om;onf/ xdkYjyif ra[mo"mZmwfü ra[mo"monf
0da'[&mZfrif;BuD;\tusdK;udk o,fydk;ykHudkwifjy&mü-
]]wpf&mhwpfa,mufaom bk&ifwdkYudk t&Sifvufa&muf
&if0,faomufrQ aoG;wpfaygufrxGufrusapbJ vuf&
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[k a&;om;xm;onf/ xdktzGJUüvnf; jrifomxifomatmifvnf; a&;zGJUonf/
toHoabmt& tcsdwftqufrdatmifvnf; a&;zGJUxm;onfhtwGuf toHwGif
[efygaeonf/ xdkYtjyif rdrdürl xdkuJhodkYaom trwfrsm;r&SdaMumif;udk rdefYawmf
rl&mü-

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522 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

]],ck ig\vufxufawmfrsm;ü w&m;"r®avmuaMumif;?

"r®aMumif;? xkH;a[mif;Oya'ya0PDusrf; pmwrf;tpOf &mZ0if
enf;vrf;? wwfpGrf;vdr®m enf;emuRrf;usif odjrifaxmufxm;
EdkifaomÓPf BuHzefaqmifpGrf;Edkifaomol&owåd r&SdMuaom
rSL;rwfawGcsnf;jzpfí pifppftusdK;rNyD; tcsnf;ESD;om
jzpf&onf}}1
[k a&;om;xm;ygonf/ xdkae&mü ]w&m;"r®}? ]avmu"r®}? ]xkH;a[mif;Oya'}?
]&mZ0ifenf;vrf;} ponfh a0g[m&tokH;rsm;udk tjynfhtpkHxnfhoGif;ay;jcif;jzifh
bk&ifrif;jrwfwpfyg;\ &mZ*kPfarmufaom avoHudk ay:vGifaponfhtjyif
xdkacwfu ynm&SdrSL;rwfwdkYtaeESifh wwfodem;vnfoifhaom t&nftaoG;
rsm;udkvnf; azmfjy&ma&mufonf/ xdkodkYtao;pdwf a&;zGJUjcif;jzifh bdk;awmf
bk&m;\ rauseyfaom cHpm;rIo½kyfudk ay:vGifvmygonf/ xdkpum;\aemufwGif
bdk;awmfbk&m;u-
]]vpm&du©m rsm;pGmigay;aomfvnf; ukefaus;Zl;reyf}}2
[k y&dowftm;vkH;udk jzef;í jrnfwrf;nnf;nLawmfrlonf[k a&;zGJUxm;onf/
xdkae&mü ]ukef&usdK;reyf} [k okH;avh&Sdaomfvnf; ydkíav;eufatmif ]ukefaus;Zl;
reyf} [k okH;xm;onf/ rif;BuD;taeESifh wpfOD;wpfa,mufudk &nfpl;í twif;
qdkjcif; r[kwfaMumif;udk ]jzefYí jrnfwrf;nnf;nLawmfrlonf} [laom
pum;u azmfjyaeonf/ xdkae&mü ]Budrf;armif;awmfrlonf} [k rokH;bJ ]jrnfwrf;
nnf;nLawmfrlonf}[k okH;jcif;jzifh bdk;awmfbk&m;onf rSL;rwfrsm;tm;
tjypfwifvdkaomoabmxuf tm;rvdk tm;r&jzpfaeonfh oabmbufodkY
tav;uJaMumif; xif&Sm;aponf/ avQmufxkH;pum;ajya&;om;olonf pum;
tokH;tEIef;rsm;udk ajymol\cHpm;csuf? xifjrifcsufrsm;ay:atmif txl;tav;xm;í
pum;vkH; a½G;cs,fokH;EIef;avh &Sdonf/ ol\tokH;rsm;onf bdk;awmfbk&m;\
pdwfaeoabmxm;rsm;ESifh vdkufzufonf/
OD;ay:OD;rS jyefvnfavQmufwifonfhtydkif;üvnf; wdkuf½dkufajympum;udk
okH;xm;onf/

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J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 523

]]bkef;awmfaMumifh ra[mo"mZmwfü tavmif;awmf

ra[mo"mtrwf? 0d"l&Zmwfü 0d"l&trwf ynmwwfwdkYrSm
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bk&m;avmif;awmfcsnf;jzpfMuí 0da'[&mZfrif;? aum&Asrif;
wdkY\ trIawmfudk aqmif&mü atmifjrifNyD;pD;Muygonf/
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awmif;aom acG;avmif;awG jzpfí {u&mZfrif;jrwf\
tusdK;udk onfydk;aqmif&Guf&mü &Hzef&Hcg tBuHrNyD;onf
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vQif;rlí bk&ifcsif;vnf; pmoifhygaMumif; a½Tz0g;awmf
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[lí avQmufxm;awmfrlonf/ avQmufxkH;pum;ajya&;zGJUol pma&;olonf
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tavsmuf rif;wkdY\avoH rSL;rwfynm&SdwdkY\avoH ay:vGifatmif pum;vkH;
rsm;udk a½G;cs,fzGJUpnf;í cefYnm;aom 0gus½Snfrsm;jzifh a&;om;xm;ygonf/
xdkpmydk'fü ]0d"l&trwf ynmwwf}? ]aAm"dowf tmZmenf yg&rD&ifhanmif;
yGifhqkawmif;aom bk&m;avmif;} qdkonfhpum;vkH;rsm;wGif um&eftcsdwftqufrsm;
ygonfhtwGuf pm[efonf ydkícefYnm;onf toHcsdKomajyjypfonf/ ynm&Sd
rSL;rwfwdkY\avoHudk ay:vGifaponf/ xdkYjyif pma&;olonf bdk;awmfbk&m;\
p½dkufESifhvdkufatmif pum;vkH;rsm;udk a½G;cs,fokH;EIef;a&;om;ouJhodkY OD;ay:OD;\
p½dkufESifhvdkufatmifvnf; pum;rsm;udk a½G;cs,fokH;EIef;xm;onf/ OD;ay:OD;onf
ayghayghyg;yg;? aysmfaysmf½Tif½Tif? xdxdrdrd? ajymwwf? qdkwwfolwpfOD; jzpfonf/
oem;atmifvnf; ajymwwfonf/ xifomjrifomatmifvnf; ajymwwfonf/
xdkoabmudk ]bk&m;i,fuRef 0efiay:} [k ]oHo&m&SnfaMumif; rdkufqk
awmif;aom acG;avmif;} ponfh pum;vkH;rsm;u azmfjyaeygonf/
avQmufxkH;rsm;onf taMumif;t&mudk od&Sdem;vnfap½kHomru
avQmufxkH;yg bdk;awmfbk&m;ESifh trwfBuD;OD;ay:OD;wdkY ESpfoufp&m p½dkufrsm;
udkvnf; cHpm;odjrifvmatmif a&;[efjzifh ykHazmfxm;ygonf/ ]rSL;rwfcsif;om
r,SOfvQif;rlí bk&ifcsif;vnf; pmoifhygaMumif;} [laomtzGJUonf ½dk;&Sif;

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524 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

nifomaomfvnf; bk&ifrif;jrwftm; qwfqwfxdrcHomatmif emusifap

Edkifaom ta&;tom;rsdK; jzpfonf/ xkduJhodkYaom rxdcvkwf? xdcvkwf
ta&;tzJGUrsm;u OD;ay:OD;\p½dkufudk ay:vGifaponf/ avQmufxkH;\tqkH;onf
0w¬KZmwfvrf;wpfyk'ftaeESifh MunfhvQif ZmwfxGwfydkif;txd bdk;awmfbk&m;ESifh
trwfBuD;OD;ay:OD; ESpfa,muf tm;NydKifrIudk tEdkift½IH;ay;&rnfh bdk;awmf
bk&m;onf qkH;jzwfEdkifonf/ avQmufxkH;tqkH;ü b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;u
]armifrif;vnf; qifajcomrsm;onf} [líom rdefYawmfrlonf/ rif;ESifhtrwf
wdkY\ tajctwif tm;NydKifajymqdkaomtcef;wGif trwfu pGefYpGefYpm;pm;
avQmufwifonf/ bk&ifuvnf; pGefYpGefYpm;pm; cGifhvTwfcJhygonf/ bdk;awmf
bk&m;\ pum;onf pmzwfolwdkY\ pdwfESvkH;udk MunfEl;csrf;ajrUaponf/
Nidrf;at;apygonf/ twk,lzG,f pdwfxm;wpf&yftjzpf ESpfoufrdrnfom
jzpfygonf/ pma&;olonf xdkavQmufxkH;udkwifjy&mü pum;ajymqdkcef;rsm;wGif
tus,fajym&ef vdktyfvQif tus,fajymonf/ tusOf;rQajym&ef vdktyfonfh
tcgü tusOf;rQ ajymonfudk awGU&onf/ xda&mufay:vGifatmifESifh p½dkuf
ay:atmif cHpm;rIay:atmif a&;om;xm;onfudk awGU&ygonf/

3? 3/ trwfBuD;OD;ay:OD;udk &mZ0wfawmfESifh odEéDodkyY dkYonfudk jyqdkjcif;

taMumif;
3? 3? 1/ taMumif;t&mydki;f avhvmcsuf
txufazmfjyyg avQmufxkH;rSm trwfBuD;OD;ay:OD;\ wdkif;usdK;jynfusdK;udk
vdkvm;rI bk&ifrif;jrwf\tBudKufudkvdkufí rdrd&mxl;XmeEÅ& wnfNrJa&;udk
rBudK;pm;bJ trSefw&m;udk &J&J0Hh0Hh avQmufwifjcif;jzifh bk&ifrif;jrwftm;
wnfhrwfrSefuefatmif jyKjyifay;&Jaom owådwdkYudk azmfjyaeonfh avQmufxkH;
jzpfygonf/
wpfcsdefwGif bdk;awmfrif;w&m;BuD;onf ajr;awmfjzpfaom anmif&rf;rif;udk
jrykcufwif {,OfawmfusL;&ef jr{,OfjyKvkyfí crJay;zGJUawmfrlvdkonf/
xdkYaMumifh 0efBuD; wGif;0efwdkY tpkHtnD&SdcdkufwGif a½Twdkuf0efBuD; b@mawmf
qdkif&m oóar" cGefoD;awmfxdef; t*¾r[maoemywd jzpfaom 0ef&SifawmfBuD;
wdkYudk rdefYawmfrlonf/ ajr;awmfav;twGuf jr{,Of crnf;ay;vdkawmfrl
aomaMumifh b@mawmf0efBuD;? a½Twdkufawmfqdkif&m0efBuD;? twGif;0efwdkYu
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 525

aiGawmf&Spfodef;avmufudk wdkufawmfrSxkwfí &mjzwft0,fawmfwdkYESifh twGif;0ef

OD;ay:OD;udk BuD;uJapNyD;vQif ,d;k ',m;odYk oGm;í tvGefwefzdk;BuD;aom jraumif;?
jrjrwfudk 0,f,l&ef apvTwf&rnf[k jzpfygonf/ xdktaMumif;udk OD;ay:OD;
odvQif-
]]&Sifbk&ifonf &Sifbk&ifyg; r0ao;ygbl;}}1
[k ajymqdkonf/ bdk;awmfrif;w&m;Mum;vQif tvGef½dkif;ysonf[kqdkum &mxl;
XmeEÅ& taqmifta,mifrsm;ukdodrf;í odEéDodkY ydkYawmfrlonf/ trwfBuD;
OD;ay:OD;onf odEéDodkYa&mufvQif aejynfawmfodkY vGrf;qGwfonfhtaMumif;
rsm;udk &wkuAsmrsm;? a&;zGJUqufoGif;awmfrlonf/ OD;ay:OD;pyfoGif;aom
&wkwGif-
]]oHusL; oHom? oHcsdK0gESifh om,morI? eef;&wkudk? eef;rI
ukefatmif? eef;bkHaqmifü? eef;a,mifrwfrsm;? odEdk;em;ESifh?
pum;ajypGm? ra&&myif}}2
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]oHusL; oHom oHcsdK0g} trsdK;rsdK;ESifh avQmufwifírqkH;Edkifatmif &SdMuonf/
xdkavQmufwifrIrsm;onf taMumif;t&mudk a&a&&m&m odem;vnfjcif; r&Sd[k
qkdvdkygonf/ xdkYtjyif-
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ay:aomtcg ppf&du©mtwGufom okH;&rnfjzpfonf/ bdk;awmfrif;w&m;BuD;
taeESifh xdkoabmudkrodjrifcJhbJ ajr;awmftwGuf jr{,OfjyKvkyf&ef xdktcGef
awmfaiGrS aiGawmf&Spfodef;udk okH;pGJ&onfrSm roifhawmfaMumif; axmufjyjcif;
jzpfygonf/ xdk&wkrsm;udk zwf½I&aomtcg bdk;awmfbk&m;\pdwfwGif qifjcifrd
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526 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

vmonf/ rdrd\tyg;wGif&Sdaom rSL;rwfwdkYonf rdrdpdwfBudKufudkvdkufí

avQmufwifMuonf/ rdrdtusdK;ysufzG,f&mudkyif axmufírjyMuay/ OD;ay:OD;
rSmrl rdrdusdK;udkvdkvm;oljzpfí ightm; &Sifbk&ifyg;r0bl;[k qdkjcif;jzpfonf[k
em;vnfvmonf/ bdkawmfbk&m;u OD;ay:OD;tm; vGrf;qGwfvSonf[kqdkum
odEéDrS jyefíac:NyD; &mxl;taqmifta,mifrsm;udk jyefvnfay;oem;awmf
rlonf/

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bdk;awmfrif;w&m;BuD;onf ajr;awmfpBuFmrif;ac: anmif&rf;rif;om;
uav;udkzGm;jrifNyD; &ufydkif;twGif;üyif tedpöa&mufoGm;onfh ajr;awmf
qifjzL&Sifr,fudk tvGefu½kPmoufNyD;vQif ajr;awmfanmif&rf;rif;om;uav;
udkvnf; cspfcifvSaomaMumifh rqifrjcif aiG&Spfodef;udk xkwf,lokH;pGJ&ef
trdefYay;jcif; jzpfonf/ xdkodkYtcspfvGefuJ&mrS jzpfay:vmaompdwfudk ay:vGif
ap&ef pma&;olu ]jrpfawmfcspf}? ]anmif&rf;rif;}? ]jrykcufwif}? ]jr{,Of}?
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qifwdkif;vSaom jraumif;jrjrwf}}1
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cJhygonf/ xdktcef;ü OD;ay:OD;onf ]&Sifbk&ifonf &Sifbk&ifyg;r0ao;ygbl;}
[k qdkaompum;rSmvnf; OD;ay:OD;\ trSefw&m;udk &J&Jajymwwfaom p½dkufudk
xdxdrdrd azmfusL;EdkifpGrf;&Sdonf/ cGifhvTwfwwfaom bk&ifrif;jrwftaeESifh
a'goxGufavmufonfh pum;tokH;tEIef;rsdK;udk a½G;cs,fokH;EIef;xm;onf/
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J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 527

raxmufxm;/ w&m;xdrfusefolwpfa,muf jzpfonf/

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]ajr§mufpm;} ponfjzifh um&efcsif; tcsdwftqufrdNyD;vQif e&Doabmygaom
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530 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

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cifrif? armif("EkjzL)/ (1983)/ a&S;acwfjrefrmpum;ajy? jrefrmpum;ajypmwrf;rsm;

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ÓP? &Sif/ (1990)/ tar;awmfykHusrf;/ &efukef? u0dE´moD&dpmykHESdyfwdkuf/
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vSordef/ (1961)/ *E¦0ifyk*K¾d vfausmfrsm;tw¬KyÜwådaygif;csKyf/ &efukef? [Hom0wDykHEdSyfwdkuf/
odef;? q&m(arSmfbD-)/ (1967)/ yg;pyf&mZ0if(yxrwGJ)/ &efukef? at;at;pmaywdkuf/
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atmif? OD;/ (2009)/ OD;ay:OD;avQmufxkH; u0daowåKrÍÆLomusrf; (yxrwGJ)/ &efukef?
pdwful;csdKcsdKpmay/
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