‘nrr2r2028 20.40 CArays 3 w Tutorialsy —Exercisesw Servicese§ QO Log in schools C Arrays [crv] Looe | Arrays Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable, instead of declaring separate variables for each value. To create an array, define the data type (like int ) and specify the name of the array followed by square brackets []. To insert values to it, use a comma-separated list, inside curly braces: int myNumbers[] = {25, 50, 75, 100); We have now created a variable that holds an array of four integers. Access the Elements of an Array To access an array element, refer to its index number. Array indexes start with 0: [0] is the first element. [1] is the second element, etc, This statement accesses the value of the first element [0] in myNumbers Example nitpsdlmwwadschools.comiele_arays.ahp 9‘nrr2r2028 20.40 CArays 3 w Tutorialsy —Exercisesw Servicese§ QO Log in schools Change an Array Element To change the value of a specific element, refer to the index number: Example myNumbers[@] = 33; Example int myNumbers[] = {25, 58, 75, 100}; myNumbers[@] = 335 printf("%d", myNumbers[@]); // Now outputs 33 instead of 25 Loop Through an Array You can loop through the array elements with the for loop. The following example outputs all elements in the myNumbers array: nitpsdlmwwadschools.comiele_arays.ahp 219‘nrr2r2028 20.40 CArays 3 w Tutorialsy —Exercisesw Servicese§ QO Log in Ane mywuMver >t) = 1429 205 125 a00ss int i; for (i = 0; i < 45 itt) { printf("%d\n", myNumbers[i]); Set Array Size Another common way to create arrays, is to specify the size of the array, and add elements later: Example // Declare an array of four integers: int myNumbers[4]; // Add elements myNumbers[@] = 253 myNumbers[1] = 50; myNumbers[2] = 753 myNumbers[3] = 100; Using this method, you should know the number of array elements in advance, in order for the program to store enough memory. You are not able to change the size of the array after creation. Get Array Size or Length nitpsdlmwwadschools.comiele_arays.ahp a9‘nrr2r2028 20.40 CArays 3 w Tutorialsy —Exercisesw Servicese§ QO Log in schools Laaiipie int myNumbers[] = {10, 25, 50, 75, 100}; printf("%lu", sizeof(myNumbers)); // Prints 2@ Why did the result show 2@ instead of 5, when the array contains 5 elements? - It is because the sizeof operator returns the size of a type in bytes. You learned from the Data Types chapter that an int type is usually 4 bytes, so from the example above, 4 x 5 (4 bytes x 5 elements) = 20 bytes. Knowing the memory size of an array is great when you are working with larger programs that require good memory management. But when you just want to find out how many elements an array has, you can use the following formula (which divides the size of the array by the size of one array element): Example int myNumbers[] = (10, 25, 50, 75, 100); int length = sizeof(myNumbers) / sizeof(myNumbers[@]) ; printf("%d", length); // Prints 5 Making Better Loops nitpsdlmwwadschools.comiele_arays.ahp 49‘nrr2r2028 20.40 CArays 3 w Tutorialsy —Exercisesw Servicese§ QO Log in schools loops that work for arrays of any size, which is more sustainable. Instead of writing: Example int myNumbers[] = (25, 58, 75, 100}5 int i; for (i i < 45 ist) { printf(” myNumbers[i])5 Example int myNumbers[] = {25, 5@, 75, 100}5 int length = sizeof(myNumbers) / sizeof(myNumbers[@]); int i; for (i i < lengths it+) { printf("%d\n", myNumbers[4]) 5 Real-Life Example To demonstrate a practical example of using arrays, let's create a program that calculates the average of different ages: nitpsdlmwwadschools.comiele_arays.ahp 59‘nrr2r2028 20.40 CArays 3 w Tutorials~ Exercisesw Serviesey§ QO SignUp Login CSS JAVASCRIPT SQL. PYTHON. «JAVA. PHP. HOWTO. imi airay suurang warrerene ages int ages[] = {20, 22, 18, 35, 48, 26, 87, 70}; float avg, sum = 0; int i; // Get the length of the array int length = sizeof(ages) / sizeof(ages[@]); // Loop through the elements of the array and accumulate the sum for (int i = 0; i < length; it+) { sum += ages[i]; // Calculate the average by dividing the sum by the length avg = sum / length; // Print the average printf("The average age is: %.2f", avg); Try it Yourself » C Exercises Test Yourself With Exercises Exercise: Create an array of type int called myNumbers . {25, 50, 75, 100}; htipsuiwaew.wdechools.comicle_arrays.ahp as‘nrr2r2028 20.40 CArays v’ Tutorials» Exercisese Servieesey§ QO SignUp Login CSS JAVASCRIPT SQL. PYTHON. «JAVA. Ss PHP, «Ss HOWTO—W3,CSS_—C Start the Exercise Log in to track progress J] & Earn Your Certificate Today And Unlock Tomorrow's Opportunities! Cella Tell Don't let hesitation hold you back. a “The besttime to starts now. 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