Scribd
Upload
113 views

Week 8 Tutorial Solution

1. The document describes calculating heat transfer through a refrigerator wall made of fiberglass insulation sandwiched between steel panels. Using the combined heat transfer resistance method, it is found that the heat gain per unit area is -14.12 W/m2. 2. It also calculates the heat transfer through car windows with different interior convection coefficients. With an interior coefficient of 15 W/m2K the heat gain is -322.44 W, and with 5 W/m2K the heat gain is reduced to -121.51 W. 3. Further, it calculates the heat transfer through a stainless steel pharmaceutical tube, both with and without added calcium silicate insulation. Without insulation the heat

Uploaded by

erfanyeganehfar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
113 views

Week 8 Tutorial Solution

1. The document describes calculating heat transfer through a refrigerator wall made of fiberglass insulation sandwiched between steel panels. Using the combined heat transfer resistance method, it is found that the heat gain per unit area is -14.12 W/m2. 2. It also calculates the heat transfer through car windows with different interior convection coefficients. With an interior coefficient of 15 W/m2K the heat gain is -322.44 W, and with 5 W/m2K the heat gain is reduced to -121.51 W. 3. Further, it calculates the heat transfer through a stainless steel pharmaceutical tube, both with and without added calcium silicate insulation. Without insulation the heat

Uploaded by

erfanyeganehfar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Week 8 Tutorial

Question 1
The walls of a refrigerator are typically constructed by sandwiching a layer of insulation between sheet
metal panels. Consider a wall made from fiberglass insulation of thermal conductivity 𝑘𝑖 = 0.046 W/mK
and thickness 𝐿𝑖 = 50 mm and steel panels, each of thermal conductivity 𝑘𝑝 = 60 W/mK and thickness
𝐿𝑝 = 3 mm. If the wall separates refrigerated air at 𝑇∞,𝑖 = 4℃ from ambient air at 𝑇∞,𝑜 = 25℃, what is
the heat gain per unit surface area? Coefficients associated with natural convection at the inner and outer
surfaces may be approximated as ℎ𝑖 = ℎ𝑜 = 5 W/m2 K.

Equations of heat conduction and convection:


𝑇1 − 𝑇2
𝑄̇𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 𝑘𝐴 𝑄̇𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣 = ℎ𝐴(𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇∞ )
Δ𝑥
Rearrange the equations:
𝑇1 − 𝑇2 Δ𝑥 𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇∞ 1
= =
̇
𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑘𝐴 ̇
𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣 ℎ𝐴
̇ ̇
When 𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣 , we can add all terms together:
𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑛 Δ𝑥1 Δ𝑥2 Δ𝑥𝑛 1 1 1
=( + + ⋯+ )+( + + ⋯+ )
𝑄̇ 𝑘1 𝐴1 𝑘2 𝐴2 𝑘𝑛 𝐴𝑛 ℎ1 𝐴1 ℎ2 𝐴2 ℎ𝑛 𝐴𝑛
Thus, in this problem:
(𝑇∞,𝑖 − 𝑇∞,𝑜 )𝐴 1 𝐿𝑝 𝐿𝑖 𝐿𝑝 1
= + + + +
𝑄̇ ℎ𝑖 𝑘𝑝 𝑘𝑖 𝑘𝑝 ℎ𝑜
Substitute the numbers:
(4℃ − 25℃)𝐴 1 0.003 m 0.05 m 0.003 m 1
= + + + +
𝑄̇ 5 W/m K 60 W/mK 0.046 W/mK 60 W/mK 5 W/m2 K
2

Solve get:
𝑄̇ /𝐴 = −14.12 W/m2

Question 2
The 𝑡 = 4 mm thick glass windows of an automobile have a surface area of 𝐴 = 2.6 m2 . The outside
temperature is 𝑇∞,𝑜 = 32℃ while the passenger compartment is maintained at 𝑇∞,𝑖 = 22℃ . The
convection heat transfer coefficient on the exterior window surface is ℎ𝑜 = 90 W/m2 K. Determine the
heat gain through the windows when the interior convection heat transfer coefficient is ℎ𝑖 = 15 W/m2 K.
By controlling the air flow in the passenger compartment the interior heat transfer coefficient can be
reduced to ℎ𝑖 = 5 W/m2 K without sacrificing passenger comfort. Determine the heat gain through the
window for the reduced inside heat transfer coefficient. For glass 𝑘 = 1.4 W/mK.

Using the combined resistance method:


(𝑇∞,𝑖 − 𝑇∞,𝑜 )𝐴 1 𝑡 1
= + +
𝑄̇ ℎ𝑖 𝑘 ℎ𝑜
Substitute the numbers:
(22℃ − 32℃) × 2.6 m2 1 0.004 m 1
= + +
𝑄̇ 15 W/m K 1.4 W/mK 90 W/m2 K
2

Solve get:
𝑄̇ = −322.44 W
Under the new conditions:
(22℃ − 32℃) × 2.6 m2 1 0.004 m 1
= + +
𝑄̇ 5 W/m2 K 1.4 W/mK 90 W/m2 K
Solve get:
𝑄̇ = −121.51 W

Question 3
A stainless steel (AISI 304) tube used to transport a chilled pharmaceutical has an inner diameter of
36 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm. The pharmaceutical and ambient air are at temperatures of 6℃
and 23℃, respectively, while the corresponding inner and outer convection coefficients are 400 W/m2 K
and 6 W/m2 K, respectively. Assume that 𝑘steel = 14.2 W/mK
A. What is the heat gain per unit tube length?
B. What is the heat gain per unit length if a 10 mm thick layer of calcium silicate insulation (𝑘ins =
0.050 W/mK) is applied to the tube?

Part A
Using the combined resistance method:
𝑇∞,𝑖 − 𝑇∞,𝑜 1 ln(𝐷𝑜 /𝐷𝑖 ) 1
= + +
𝑄̇ 𝜋𝐷𝑖 𝐿ℎ𝑖 2𝜋𝐿𝑘 𝜋𝐷𝑜 𝐿ℎ𝑜
Substitute numbers:
6℃ − 23℃ 1 ln(40/36) 1
= + +
𝑄 ̇ 400 W/m K × 2 (0.036𝜋𝐿)m 2 2𝜋𝐿 × 14.2 W/mK 6 W/m K × (0.040𝜋𝐿)m2
2

Solve get:
𝑄̇ /𝐿 = −12.60 W/m
Part B
Using the combined resistance method:
𝑇∞,𝑖 − 𝑇∞,𝑜 1 ln(𝐷𝑚 /𝐷𝑖 ) ln(𝐷𝑜 /𝐷𝑚 ) 1
= + + +
𝑄 ̇ 𝜋𝐷𝑖 𝐿ℎ𝑖 2𝜋𝐿𝑘steel 2𝜋𝐿𝑘ins 𝜋𝐷𝑜 𝐿ℎ𝑜
Substitute numbers:
6℃ − 23℃ 1 ln(40/36) ln(60/40) 1
= + + +
𝑄̇ 400 W/m2 K × (0.036𝜋𝐿)m2 2𝜋𝐿 × 14.2 W/mK 2𝜋𝐿 × 0.05 W/mK 6 W/m2 K × (0.060𝜋𝐿)m2
Solve get:
𝑄̇ /𝐿 = −7.73 W/m
Question 4
A composite spherical shell of inner radius 𝑟1 = 0.25 m is constructed from lead of outer radius 𝑟2 =
0.30 m and AISI 302 stainless steel of outer radius 𝑟3 = 0.31 m. The cavity is filled with radioactive waste
that generate heat at a rate per unit volume of 5 × 105 W/m3. It is proposed to submerge the container
in oceanic waters that are at a temperature of 𝑇∞ = 10℃ and provide a uniform convection coefficient
of ℎ = 500 W/m2 K at the outer surface of the container. What is the maximum temperature reached by
the lead shell and will it exceed the melting point of lead, 601 K? Assume 𝑘steel = 15.1 W/mK and
𝑘lead = 35.3 W/mK.

Using the combined resistance method:


𝑇𝑖 − 𝑇∞ 𝑟2 − 𝑟1 𝑟3 − 𝑟2 1
= + +
𝑄̇ 4𝜋𝑟1 𝑟2 𝑘lead 4𝜋𝑟2 𝑟3 𝑘steel 4𝜋𝑟32 ℎ
Substitute numbers:
𝑇𝑖 − 10℃ 0.30 m − 0.25 m 0.31 m − 0.30 m 1
= + +
5 × 105 W/m3 × (4𝜋/3 × (0.25 m)3 ) 4𝜋(0.30 m)(0.25 m)(35.3 W/mK) 4𝜋(0.31 m)(0.30 m)(15.1 W/mK) 4𝜋(0.31 m)2 (500 W/m2 K)

Solve get:
𝑇𝑖 = 131.92℃ = 405.07 K < 604 K

You might also like