Name: TELE AUREUS Students will understand ‘+ Information from quadratic equations and the graphs of quadratic functions can be used to solve problems in areas lie physics, calculus, engineering, architecture, sports and business. By the end of the unit students should: +The basic shape and characteristics of the graph of a quadratic function, + Quadratic functions and equations relate to real fe situations,= - ‘General Outcome: Develop algebraic and graphical reasoning through the study of, relations ‘Specific Outcomes ‘The following set of indicators may be used to determine whether ‘students have met the corresponding specific outcome ‘Analyze quadratic funcions oF he form y=aGe~ py +qand determine the Domain and range Direction of pening [Ras of symmetry 2X and y'intercepts 3a 32 33 34 35 26 37 28 29 Explain why a function given in the form y= a(x— py +q wa ‘quadratic function Compare the graphs of a set of functions ofthe form the graph =2", and generalize, using inductive reasoning, 2 rule about the effect ofa Compare the graphs of set of functions ofthe form acto vegto the graph 7=27 and generalize, using inductive reasoning, 2 rule about the effect of 9 compare the graphs of a set of functions ofthe form y= (x= py tothe araph y= 17, and generalize, using inductive reasoning, a rule about the effect af >. Determine the coordinates ofthe vertex for @ quadratic function ofthe form y= a(x— p)? +4, and very with or without technoloay Generalize, using inductive reasoning, a nila for determining the coordinates ofthe vertex for quadratic functions ofthe form yea p) +4 ‘Sketch the graph of =a(x— PY +4, using tensformations, ‘ond identify the vertex, domain and range, direction of opening, xis of symmetry and cand y intercept. Explain, using samples, how the values of 2 and q may be used to detormine whether 8 quadratic function has 210, ON€ OF CWO X- incercepts Write a quadratic function inthe form y= a(x p)!-+q fora given graph or set of characterises of @ graph. ‘Analyze quadratic functions of the form y= at’ +hx-+¢ to identify characteristics ofthe corresponding graph, induding Domain and range + Direction of opening + Axis of symmetry # and yrintercepts and to solve preblems aa 42 43 4a 4s as 47 48 Explain the reasoing forthe process of completing the sare w shown in gen exemple Write a quadratic function given in the form y=ax +bx-+c asa ‘Quadratic function in the Form v =a(x— py + q by completing the square enti, cxolin and corect errors in an example of completing the square Determine the characteristics of a quadratic function given the form = ax? +bx+¢ and explain the strategy used. sketch the graph of quadratic function given inthe frm a tht. Very, with or without technology that = quadratic function inthe form 9 ? 4-hne+c represents the same function as a given quadratic function in the Form y'=a(x— py +g Wate @ quadratic function that models a given stuation, and pain oy assumptions mace Solves prosiem, meh or witht technology, by analyzing 3 uadratiefunronjuadratic Functions in Vertex Form vs Quadratic Function yom ‘Quadratic Function: A function with defining equation + Standard form: f(jc)= ar? +5r-+ewhere a,2,¢ are constants and a cannot be zero. © Vertex Form f(x) = a(x — pF +q,a%0 i Graphically a quadratic function takes the shape ofa parabola. Every parabola is symmetrical about a vertical line, called the axls of symmetry that passes through the vertex. ~ g()=3(42)) SG) =(042 Vertex Form ysate-py +a ‘©The maximum or minimum point on the parabola is called the vertex. (p,q) ‘© A parabola is symmetrical about the axis of symmetry (the vertical line through the vertex.) This line divides the funetion graph into two parts. x= p ‘© The x- intercepts for the parabola are where fx) = 0. They are related to the zeros of the graph of the function, * Domain + € R + Range PEGVERInvestigating of Quadratic Funetions Use your graphing calculator to answer the following investigations, T. Graph each of the following quadratic functions. aoysx, y=2x, In General: The graph of Y=" is the graph of Wart o0 i) Ifp<0Overall. As Ll increases, aph narrows. sal decreases, Pioronsa The-sgn is part of equation >0, vertex moves righ Example 1: State the transformations of y=." to each of the following: x +3 b +s ce ya2(xtil +4 Definitions ‘Vertex: Where the parabola reaches its minimum or maximum Equation of Axis of Symmetry: The equation that cuts the parabola in half. It is written in the form, x=a where ais the x-value that cuts the parabola in half Xintercepts: Location(s) where the graph crosses the x-axis. There could be zero, one, or two X- intercepts for quadratics. The value of y at this point is equal to 0. ¥ intercept: Location where the graph crosses the y-axis, The value of at this point is equal to Example 2: Label the key points of the quadratic function,‘Example 3 For each of the graphs identify the following: Coordinates of the vertex. Direction of opening ‘Maximum or minimum value Equation of axis of symmetry Domain Range intercept ‘Example 4 Sketch the following quadratic functions by hand and identify the following: ‘The direction of opening, vertex, equation of axis of symmetry, }~intercept, x-intercept range ‘and domain, y vo}Determining the number of x intercepts: ‘We can use the values of “a” and “q” to help us determine ifthe parabola has one, two or no &= intercepts, The value of “a” will tellus if the parabola opens up or down and "q” tells us the y= ~value of the vertex. Using logical reasoning we can determine how many x-intereepts there will be. Example 5: Determine the number of s-intercepts for each quadratic funetion by using the vertex and. the direction of opening. ay Masry -s b. y=5(x-2)° ey=-3(e41) Example 6: Determine the equation of the quadratic functions in vertex form y=a(x-p)' +g given the following graphs. (eubstice (ey) and (p,q) into the formula then solve fora)‘Summary for the Vertex Form of a Quadratic Function +q or F(x)=alx-p) +9 the size of the graph. — rete coordinates teanlaton ofthe 0h leviat araph u um: The highest or lowes point onthe raph. + Range: 24, ver Parabola opening up: Range: Re a ver} : eR Parabola opening down: Range tyre: a yen) (4 Equation ofthe Axis of symmetry x p roy IPT . ra (3) - 44 a(c+3)* 4 Qeal [sy 4Lesson 2: Investigating Quadratic Functions in Standard Form 4 ¥S* 6 Convert vertex f(x) = a(x—p)? +q, a + 0 to standard form f (x)= ax? +bx+e aaa ‘To convert from vertex form into standard form, we must expand the polynomial using FOIL and the distribution law. Afterwards, we want to put together any like terms. Example PEN ocessin functions from AAS ino andar form ES 9° GIGS) +2 ys Rao PSPS 39 2 YS ABER) 5 Jer oT ad RCTS i * Retina > 4 g coms eh casonia stint om ye. | ya (x46, Direction of Opening oe WNytl)- G Coordinates of vertex “Maximum or minimum value ay “ats * Poon fats fens Yvod a ya-2(x-3) +9. ‘Direction of Opening Coordinates of vertex ‘Maximum of minimum value Equation of axis of syminetry ‘inlereept Domain Range Which characteristics are easily obtained from standard form?Listing Characteristics of Quadratic Funetion using Technology ‘Example 3: Vertex Axis of Symmetry ‘Max/Min, ‘Mininmum equation y ~~ x-intercept(s) (18,0) (41,0) 3+ intercept (0,23) Domain xreR Range peed ‘Example 4: A frog sitting on a rock jumps into a pond, The heigh, h, in centimetres, of the frog above the surface of the water as a finetion of time, , in seconds, since it jumped can be ‘modelled by the fumetion h(t) = —490¢? + 150¢ + 25. ‘Use your graphing calculator to answer the following, Yi =-4aQ yo + |SOX4 ZS “What is the y-intercepcas a coondaate? What does it represent in this situation? Y=2S \ Starhing nev ht What isthe muaxiny eit he og reahes? When does it reach his height? moX height 1s 6.48m Vtime ONS. ‘When does the frog hit the surface of the water? O45 ie dasa sk ne a A exIO =X SO43 xEIR 2 ri y\OeyesetR og? tostiaTietmoamadimar GER 2 320: 9S 5 ys? 10Steps in setting up optimization word problems: (Maximum or Minimum ) ‘Understand the problem. ~ Draw a labelled diagram if necessary Define the variables ‘Write an equation relating the variables. Solve for one of the variables. ‘Write an equation for what is being optimized ~ maximum or minimum Substitute your equation from part 3 Complete the square — change from standard form to vertex form. . Identify the vertex and what each coordinate represents in the context of the equation. State your answer in a sentence. Example 5: ‘A rancher has 100m of fencing available to build a rectangular corral. What is the maximum area the rancher can build using 100m of fencing? —; Veo ew AaAw “3E a 190" Qh=Qw Bf) WFSO4 -~2* SPN FO Fag Peeppesemeime A Boke yn o 2 IO ELESO, LERY GAS. : Lh oe 6 tanta ORAS 695s HERS AO | eta ne at ste i Quiz coming soonFactoring Review Expand the following using the distributive property (FOIL): 2x(x- ca) syle a)ix +3) 2-46 ‘The reverse procest of distributing is FACTORING Find the GREATEST COMMON FACTOR (GCF) of 6x'y4 iar Sys Factor: 2¢-10x exty-i8Ky Don't forget to remove a GCF it possible before vous Factoring Trinomiala x? + bx +e Factor -x-6 By Inspection: Factoring Trinomials ax? + bx + Factor 2x?-x-15 By Decomposition (Grouping) 1. Multiply the first and last term 2.Find 2 factors that add up to the middle term 2.verify by expanding your factorst 1. Multiply the first and last term 2. Find? factors that add up tothe middle 3. Rewrite idle term as twa terme made up of your factors 4. Group the first 2 toms and the last 2 terms 5. Remove a GCF from the above graune 6. Remove anather GCF and wri other factor out the 1.Substitute anew voriable to | Factor si2x+SI*+alax+5)-6 represent 2x¢5 2.Factor the simplified version 3.Replace the 24+5 4.simplity the factors Factoring Difference of Squares ax?-biy?= (ax bylen- by) 4 -81y? fe 25y* G(x? +171 Factor? + 6x #9 (perfect square) (2) vrbvte 5 02 12‘Lesson #3: Completing the Square Converting from Standard Form to Vertex Form We have already looked at how to go fom vertex form to standard form. You have to expand using the distrubition law and then simplify. ‘To change from standard form to vertex form you need to do a process that us mathematicians call “Completing the Square”. Step by Step Instructions ‘Write your trinomial in descending order Factor out any common factors from the first 2 terms ofthe trinomnial only. Looking at your trinomial (quadratic function), you first need to determine the number that will create a perfect square factor with the first two terms of the function, The easy ‘way to do this is to divide the middle term by 2 and square it 4. Onee you know that number, you are going to add it to your function 5. Because we can’t just add stuff to a function whenever we want, we also have to subtract ‘that number at the end. 6. Factor the frst part of your trinomial ina its perfect square and simplify the end. ‘a. When simplifying the ending piece, if you DID NOT factor atthe beginning, the ‘umber you subtracted will not change b. When simplifying the ending piece, if you DID factor at the beginning, ensure you multiply the number you are subtracting by the factor Example 1: Complete the Square: 10 Rewrite y-x'+ 10 x + 23 into vertex form then sketch the graph. 3} 4 OXF aAS -b*x19 a, Yox +l0e=16 yee rio ad-36 +16 ge Gasy-4 13What do you notices trent? Le\'-0\ ‘coy=agase+20 “ 42 3(x>- sc) * 20 F3GM-Gx 1 -4)+20 SAGE AT ZO og yond —eee7 ‘ A 4 (yt 42x) + F a { WTP | ~\\; 4 JV GPQxei4F ye 4Oaly + “4‘Example 2: The height, in metres above the ground, ofa projectile at any tite, 1, in seconds, after the launch is defined by the function h()==4? +48¢+3. Change this function to vertex “2. fopm-and determine the vertex, the maximus or minimum 7 tnd the tm takes forthe (2 projectile to reach that height Yee dea & (6y14 7) 465% “ayy 4 3 Ss at ter “YG: ay 436 - 36)+3% seconde = VOP=F 34 36) HY Y9=-Vocby*4 1Y sample The it ones aing finder ad nse poset toes {Last yar the photographer charged $10.00 session and 400 sessions were book consideration for what the price should be this year, the ‘council believes that fore every 7s increase in pice they wll lose 20 stusens, Whats the expect? Let n repre senr number of POKS increase Price of Session = [D+ $hof SeSS/ONS Moke IES - 08 -aOn Revenye= “Vorn(4oo- 20m) - L1Q00° OON*4OOn" AON” FQ0ON +40 Complete tine Sq USS 1OO ® =°200n*-10n)\+4OOO ‘Homework: Page 192 72, 3,5, 7,8 12,22 =-abla- sy +4 SCyseutanninasom \ Cs,4800) 1sLesson #4: Putting it all Together Example 1 A tock is thrown from a bridge into a river. Its height, h meters, above the river 1 seconds after it is released is modeled by the quadratic funetion h(¢)=~4.9"° +17/-+110 Sketch a graph of the quadratic function. Indicate window settings used. X{frmin; Q xmex: aso: ¥[ymin:Q) ymax: \SO s8et\Q | Using a graphing calculator, find, to the nearest tenth, fa. the maximura height of the rock. 1. the time it takes the rock to reach its maximum height. the height at 2 seconds. 4. when it reaches a height of 25 metres . the height of the bridge. £. the time it takes the rock to hit the river. 16‘Example 2:A farmer has 120 m of chicken wire. He wishes to construct a rectangular chicken pen, making use of a bam as one side of the pen. Determine the dimensions of the chicken pen that will maximize the area, o=dw+k Ah ot em =aw Taw cA A= (AO) . AO-Aw R | sao | ‘Example 3:Find two numbers that differ by 18 and have a minimum product. La x be Cicsk number x -|B Br the Second # yexG -18) >> 96h, Numbers are -4 and minum For a “= produc of ‘Example 4: The Summer Theater charges $4 per ticket, and it sells an average of 400 tickets nightly. The manager estimates that the ticket sales would deerease by 50 for each $1 increase in the ticket cost. What is the most profitable price to charge? ‘Example 5: A rectangular field is to be enclosed by a fence and divided into two smaller plots by a fence parallel to one of the sides. Find the dimensions of the largest such field if 1200 m of fencing material is available. What is the area of this field and what are the dimensions that will ive the largest area? Homework: Page 198 All Questions Chapter 3 Exam coming soon 7