PATTERNS

• Are regular, repeated or recurring forms of

designs.
• It is an arrangement which helps observers
anticipates what might see or what happen
next.

1. Logic Patterns 4. Word Patterns

• These patterns are seen on aptitude tests in • Astronomy

- Patterns can also be found in language like the
which takers are shown a sequence of morphological rules on pluralizing nouns or • Medicine
pictures and asked to select which figure conjugating verbs for tense, as well as metrical rules
comes next among several choices. of poetry.
Language

2. Number Patterns Fibonacci Sequence • Is a “systematic means of

communicating by the use of sounds or
• It is a series of numbers where a number is conventional symbols” (Chen, 2010). It
found by adding up the two numbers before is the code humans use a form of
it. Starting with 0 and 1, the sequence goes expressing themselves and
0, 1, 1,2,3,5,8,13 … of which the first two
communicating with others.
terms are 1 and 1 and each succeeding…
• Solving for the nth term of the Fibonacci How does Mathematics related to language?
Sequence we use the Binet Formula
• Mathematics is a system of
communication about objects like
numbers, variables, sets, operations,
functions, and equations.
• A list of numbers that follow a certain
sequence or pattern.

Examples: 3, 6, 9, 12, .... Find the 9th term.8, 13, • Was invented by Leonardo Pisano Bigollo of
18, 23,.... Find the 50th term. Find the values of the Pisa (1202)
last two numbers in the sequence 448, 224, 112, 56, • The word FIBONNACI originated from “filius
28, _______, ________. Bonacci”

3. Geometric Patterns Fibonacci Spiral

- A geometric pattern is a motif or design that depicts • is a series of connected quarter-circles

abstract shapes like lines, polygons, and circles, and drawn inside with Fibonacci numbers for
typically repeats like wallpaper. dimensions.

Practical Uses of Fibonacci

• Nature
 5, 1.2 + 6,3x – 3 supplemented by a specialized symbolic
notation for mathematical formulas.
Language of Mathematics Other types of expression:
Basic Concepts
ENGLISH Mathematics * Numbers, set, functions, ordered pairs,
SYMBOLS English English matrices, vectors, groups.. 1. Language of Sets
Alphabet and Alphabet,
punctuation Numerals, English/Math– Sentence • Set is collection of common objects,
Greek numbers, letters in the alphabet, people,
Letters, = must show complete thought (noun and verb) and any other sets
Grouping = can express true, false or sometimes true or
Symbols, sometimes false idea. Examples:
Special
Symbols Examples: 1. Carol loves Mathematics A= {x|x is positive integer less than 10}
Name Noun Expressions
Complete Sentence Sentence 2. 1.2 + 6 = 7.2 B= {x|x is a real number and x2 -1 = 0}
thought
Action Verbs Operations English– Synonyms Ways to represent sets
and other
actions(e.g. = different words with the same meaning (have A. Roster Method/Tabulation Method
simplify,
nearest meaning)
rationalize
• Is when the elements of the set are
What is in a Verbs Equality,
Example: Group - association enumerated and separated by comma
sentence inequality,
membership • E = { a, e, i, o, u}
Mathematics – Synonyms
in a set
Attribute of Fact or fiction True or false B. Rule Method/Set Builder Notation
= the same object but different names
a sentence
Synonyms Different The same Example: 1 + 2 + 5 and 8½ + ½ , 2 - 1, 5/5, • Is used to describe the elements or
words but the object but members of the set.
same different • E = {x|x is a collection of vowel letters }
meaning names
MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE
Comparison: English VS Math Languages Subset – is a set in which all of its elements are
BASIC CONCEPTS: Language of set, Functions found in another set
English – Noun
and Relations, and Binary Operations
= is used to name things we want to talk about
Example: Carol loves Mathematics. • The mathematical language is the
system used to communicate
Mia visits Ameerah. mathematical ideas. This language Cardinality – refers to the number of elements
consists of some natural language using in a set. It is denoted by n( ) where the name of
Math – Expression technical terms (mathematical terms) the set is written inside the parenthesis symbol.
and grammatical conventions that are
= refers to the object of interest.
uncommon to mathematical discourse,
Examples:
 b. B = {(-2,7), (3, -7), (0,1), (3,8), (4,1)} 2. Compound – conveys two or more ideas.

Operations on Functions

• (f+g)(x) = f(x)+g(x)
• (f-g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)
Universal Set – a set that contains all elements • (f•g)(x) = [f(x)][g(x)]
found in the other given set/s. It is denoted by U. • (f/g)(x) = f(x)/g(x)
• (f o g)(x) = f(g(x))

Examples: Given that f(x) = x+1, g(x) = x²-1

• (f+g)(3) = f(3)+g(3) = (3+1)+(3²-1) =

Null Set - a set with no element. It is denoted by 4+8 = 12
{ }. This is also known as null set, denoted by Ø. • (g-f)(0) = g(0) – f(0) = (0²-1)-(0+1) = -
An empty set is a subset of any set. Any set is 1-1 = -2
subset of universal set. • (f•g)(-1) = [f(-1)][g(-1)] = (-1+1)((-1)²-1)
= (0)(0) = 0 A propositional connective is an operation that
Equal Sets - are sets with exactly the same • (g/f)(1) = g(1)/f(1) = (1²-1)/(1+1) = 0/2 = combines two propositions to yield a new one
elements 0 whose truth value depends only on the truth
• (f o g)(x) = f(g(5)) = f(5²-1) = f(24) = values of the two original propositions.
.Example: E = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
24+1 = 25
F = {9, 7, 5, 3, 1} TRUTH TABLE
Therefore, E = F Elementary logic
Equivalent Sets – are sets with the same Logic - allows us to determine the validity of
cardinality. arguments in and out of mathematics.
Example: G={w, x, y, z} Proposition
H={0, 10, 100, 1000}
Therefore, G ~ H - is a declarative statements that may
expressed an idea which can be true or false
2. Language of Functions and Relations but not both.
- expressed by the symbols P, Q, R or p, q, r
• A relation is a set of ordered pairs.
• A function is a relation in which, for Ex: a) Manila is the capital of the Philippines.
each value of the first component of the b) Shanghai is the capital of China.
ordered pairs, there exactly one value of c) 1+1 = 2 -represent the relationships between the truth
the second component. d) 2+2 = 3 values of propositions and compound
propositions drawn from the given propositions.
Examples: Types of Propositions

a. A = {(1,3), (2,4), (3,5), (4,6)} 1. Simple – means single idea statement

 1. For numbers 1-8: Identify whether the
given is an expression or a sentence.
CONVERSES, INVERSES, CONTRAPOSITIVE MATHM112 QUES 1.5x^2
- Expression
The conditional statement if p, then q can have Fibonacci Sequence
2. A square has four sides.
three variations:
1. For number 1-5. Observe each series of - Sentence
numbers and give the next number 3. 4+3=12
using pattern you observed. 3, 17, 31, - Sentence
45, 59, … 4. a+1-b*3
- 73 - Expression
2. -34, -38, -42, -46, -50, … 5. 7x
- -54 - Expression
3. 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, … 6. ½ x+3
- 96 - Expression
4. 2/5, 1, 5/2, 25/4, … 7. 4/2=2
- 125/8 - Sentence
5. 1/3, 1/5, 1/7, 1/9, … 8. 7-3= 2(2)
- 1/11 - Sentence
6. For numbers 6-10. Observe the series 9. For numbers 9-18. Identify what
of letters below and find the next term in mathematical symbol is given. ∅
each sequence. A, BC, DEF, GHIJ, - Null set
… 10. ≠
- KLMNO - Is not equal to
7. Z, W, T, Q, … 11. ⇒
- N - Implies
8. ACD, GIJ, MOP, SUV, … 12. ⇔
- YAB - If and only if
9. BCE, FGI, JKM, NOQ, … 13. Σ
- RSU - Summation of
10. C, ZYX, UTSRQ, … 14. ∞
- NMLKJIH - Infinity
11. Find the 20th term of Fibonacci 15. ∃
Sequence. - For every
- 6765 16. ⊆
12. Find the 35th term of FS. - Proper subset of
- 9 227 465 17. ∀
- For all
Mathematics Language and Symbols 18. Translate the ff English phrases into
mathematical expressions.
 • Twice x exceed by thrice y –
2x+3y
• Thrice x exceed by twice y –
3x+2y
• Twice x less thrice y - 2x-3y
• Thrice x less than twice y – 2y-
3x
• Twice y is less than thrice x –
2y<3x
19. ……
• X is equal to the sum of a, b,
and c – x=a+b+c
• X plus a is equal to b plus c –
x+a=b+c
• The sum of x, a, and b is equal
to c – x+a+b=c
• The sum of the squares of x and
a is equal to the sum of the
squares of b and c –
x^2+a^2=b^2+c^2
• The square of the sum of x and
a is equal to the square of the
sum of b and c –
(x+a)^2=(b+c)^2