Scribd
Upload
114 views33 pages

MTH 174 Lecture 56

This document discusses eigen values and eigen vectors. It provides examples of finding the eigen values and corresponding eigen vectors of different matrices. The key steps are: 1) Find the characteristic equation by calculating (A - λI) where A is the matrix and λ is the eigen value 2) Solve the characteristic equation to find the eigen values 3) Plug the eigen values back into the original equation to find the eigen vectors It provides 4 examples calculating the eigen values and vectors of different matrices and determining if they are diagonalizable.

Uploaded by

kalitest400
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
114 views33 pages

MTH 174 Lecture 56

This document discusses eigen values and eigen vectors. It provides examples of finding the eigen values and corresponding eigen vectors of different matrices. The key steps are: 1) Find the characteristic equation by calculating (A - λI) where A is the matrix and λ is the eigen value 2) Solve the characteristic equation to find the eigen values 3) Plug the eigen values back into the original equation to find the eigen vectors It provides 4 examples calculating the eigen values and vectors of different matrices and determining if they are diagonalizable.

Uploaded by

kalitest400
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 33

Eigen values:

Let be a square matrix (Singular or Non-singular).


A scalar is said to be an Eigen value of matrix if:

Characteristic Equation:

(1) where is the Identity matrix.


This homogeneous system will have non-trivial solution if:
(2)
Equation (2) is called characteristic equation.
Solving characteristic equation , we get different values of
which are called Eigen values.

Putting these values back in equation (1) i.e. , we get


different values of column vectors which are called Eigen vectors.

Note: 1. There can be more than one Eigen vectors for one Eigen value.

2. Distinct Eigen values have distinct eigen vectors.

3. Repeated (same) Eigen values may have same or distinct Eigen


vectors.
Problem 1. Find the Eigen values and the corresponding Eigen vectors of:

Solution. The characteristic equation is:


Which are the required Eigen values.
For
And

Thus, (Say)

If then

So, corresponding Eigen vector is

Note: For different values of , we get different multiples of Eigen


vector . That is why we say, a single Eigen value may have many
Eigen vectors.
For
And

Thus, (Say)

If then

So, corresponding Eigen vector is

Note: For different values of , we get different multiples of Eigen


vector . That is why we say, a single Eigen value may have many
Eigen vectors.
Problem 2. Find the Eigen values and the corresponding Eigen vectors of:

Solution. The characteristic equation is:


Which are the required Eigen values.

For
From 2nd and 3rd row:

Solving these equations, we get;


Coeff. of :

2 3 1 2

1 1 0 1

0 2 2 0
If then

So, corresponding Eigen vector is


For

From 1st and 2nd row:

Solving these equations, we get;


Coeff. of :

2 3 1 2

0 0 -1 0

0 1 0 0
If then

So, corresponding Eigen vector is Y

For
From 1st and 2nd row:

Solving these equations, we get;


Coeff. of :

2 3 1 2

0 0 -2 0

-1 1 0 -1
If then

So, corresponding Eigen vector is

Diagonalizable: For three distinct Eigen values, we have three distinct


linearly independent Eigen vectors, so the matrix A is diagonalizable.
Problem 3. Find the Eigen values and the corresponding Eigen vectors of:

Solution. The characteristic equation is:


Which are the required Eigen values.

For
From 2nd and 3rd row:

Solving these equations, we get;


Coeff. of :

2 3 1 2

1 1 0 1

2 1 -1 2
If then

So, corresponding Eigen vector is


For

From 1st and 2nd row:

Solving these equations, we get;


Coeff. of :

2 3 1 2

2 2 -1 2

0 1 0 0
If then

So, corresponding Eigen vector is Y

Not Diagonalizable: For three Eigen values, we have only two distinct
linearly independent Eigen vectors, so the matrix A is not diagonalizable.
Problem 4. Find the Eigen values and the corresponding Eigen vectors of:

Solution. The characteristic equation is:


Which are the required Eigen values.

For
From 1st and 2nd row:

Solving these equations, we get;


Coeff. of :

2 3 1 2

2 3 0 2

0 0 3 0
If then

So, corresponding Eigen vector is

Not Diagonalizable: For three Eigen values, we have only one linearly
independent Eigen vector, so the matrix A is not diagonalizable.

You might also like