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Matrices L3

The document discusses matrices and their properties. It covers topics such as the transpose of a matrix, symmetric matrices where the transpose is equal to the original matrix, and skew-symmetric matrices where the transpose is the negative of the original matrix. Examples of symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices are provided. The document also includes solved problems related to finding the transpose, sum of a matrix and its transpose, and determining whether a given matrix is symmetric or skew-symmetric.

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vedantu495
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62 views62 pages

Matrices L3

The document discusses matrices and their properties. It covers topics such as the transpose of a matrix, symmetric matrices where the transpose is equal to the original matrix, and skew-symmetric matrices where the transpose is the negative of the original matrix. Examples of symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices are provided. The document also includes solved problems related to finding the transpose, sum of a matrix and its transpose, and determining whether a given matrix is symmetric or skew-symmetric.

Uploaded by

vedantu495
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

51867 subscribers

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CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Topics to be covered
● What is Matrix
● Order of a Matrix
● Types of Matrices
● Algebra of matrices
# Addition and Subtraction of Matrices
# Multiplication of Matrices
● Properties of Multiplication of Matrices
● Different types of questions on multiplication
● Transpose of a Matrix
● Symmetric Matrices
● Skew - Symmetric Matrices
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Transpose of a Matrix
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Transpose of a Matrix

Row Column
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Transpose of a Matrix
If A = [aij]m×n be a m × n matrix, then the matrix obtained by
interchanging the rows and columns of A is called the
transpose of A.

Notation:
Transpose of the matrix A is denoted by A’ or AT .
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Transpose of a Matrix
If A = [aij]m×n be a m × n matrix, then the matrix obtained by
interchanging the rows and columns of A is called the
transpose of A.

Notation:
Transpose of the matrix A is denoted by A’ or AT .

So, if then

Eg:
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Transpose of a Matrix
Properties of Transpose:
For any matrices A and B of suitable orders,
(a) (AT)T = A
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Transpose of a Matrix
Properties of Transpose:
For any matrices A and B of suitable orders,
(a) (AT)T = A
(b) (kA)T = kAT (where k is any constant)
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Transpose of a Matrix
Properties of Transpose:
For any matrices A and B of suitable orders,
(a) (AT)T = A
(b) (kA)T = kAT (where k is any constant)
(c) (A ± B)T = AT ± BT
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Transpose of a Matrix
Properties of Transpose:
For any matrices A and B of suitable orders,
(a) (AT)T = A
(b) (kA)T = kAT (where k is any constant)
(c) (A ± B)T = AT ± BT
(d) (AB)T = BT AT
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Transpose of a Matrix
Symmetric Matrix:
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Transpose of a Matrix
Symmetric Matrix:
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Transpose of a Matrix
Symmetric Matrix:
A square matrix A is said to be a symmetric matrix if A’ = A
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Transpose of a Matrix
Symmetric Matrix:
A square matrix A is said to be a symmetric matrix if A’ = A

Eg: then

Since A’ = A. So, A is a symmetric matrix.


CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Transpose of a Matrix
Symmetric Matrix:
A square matrix A is said to be a symmetric matrix if A’ = A

Eg: then

Since A’ = A. So, A is a symmetric matrix.

Note
In a symmetric matrix
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Transpose of a Matrix
Skew Symmetric Matrix:
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Transpose of a Matrix
Skew Symmetric Matrix:
A square matrix A is said to be a skew symmetric matrix
if A’ = -A.

Eg:

= -A
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Transpose of a Matrix
Observation:

1. for all possible values of i and j.


2. All the diagonal elements of a skew symmetric matrix
are zero, i.e.,
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2010, 2013

If then find AT - BT.


CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2010, 2013

If then find AT - BT.


CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2010, 2013

If then find AT - BT.


CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2010, 2013

If then find AT - BT.


CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Solution:

Given,

Transpose of

Now,
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2016

If is a symmetric matrix then


find the values of a and b.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2016

If is a symmetric matrix then


find the values of a and b.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2016

If is a symmetric matrix then


find the values of a and b.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Solution:

Now, A = AT [ since A is symmetric matrix]


CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2019

If A, B are symmetric matrices of same order, then prove


that AB - BA is skew-symmetric.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2019

If A, B are symmetric matrices of same order, then prove


that AB - BA is skew-symmetric.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2019

If A, B are symmetric matrices of same order, then prove


that AB - BA is skew-symmetric.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Solution:

A and B are symmetric matrices, therefore, we have:


A’ = A and B’ = B …(1)
Here, (AB - BA)’ = (AB)’ - (BA)’
= B’A’ - A’B’
= BA - AB [by
(1)]
= -(AB - BA)
(AB + AB)’ = -(AB - BA)
Hence, (AB - BA) is a skew-symmetric matrix.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3.


Assertion: A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric matrices
Reason: AB is a symmetric matrix, if matrix multiplication
of A with B is commutative.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and


A
Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason
B is not the correct explanation for Assertion.

C Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.

D Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.


CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3.


Assertion: A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric matrices
Reason: AB is a symmetric matrix, if matrix multiplication
of A with B is commutative.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3.


Assertion: A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric matrices
Reason: AB is a symmetric matrix, if matrix multiplication
of A with B is commutative.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3.


Assertion: A(BA) and (AB)A are symmetric matrices
Reason: AB is a symmetric matrix, if matrix multiplication
of A with B is commutative.

Both Assertion and Reason are correct and


A
Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.
Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason
B is not the correct explanation for Assertion.

C Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.

D Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.


CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Solution:
Assertion: Since A and B are symmetric matrices
∴ AT = A and BT = B
Now, consider [A(BA)]T = (BA)T . AT = (ATBT)AT
= (AB)A = A(BA)
So, [A(BA)]T = A(BA)
⇒ A(BA) is symmetric.
Similarly, (AB)A is symmetric.
So, Assertion is true.
Reason: Now, (AB)T = BTAT = BA
This will be symmetric if AB = BA i.e., matrix
multiplication of A with B is commutative.
So, Reason is also true but it is not correct explanation for
assertion.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2010

If then find A + A’ .

D
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2010

If then find A + A’ .
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2010

If then find A + A’ .
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2010

If then find A + A’ .

D
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Solution:

Given, Thus,

Now,
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2018

For what values of a and b, Matrix


is skew -symmetric?

A a = 2 and b = 3

B a = 3 and b = -2

C a = -2 and b = 3

D a = 3 and b = 2
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2018

For what values of a and b, Matrix


is skew -symmetric?
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2018

For what values of a and b, Matrix


is skew -symmetric?
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2018

For what values of a and b, Matrix


is skew -symmetric?

A a = 2 and b = 3

B a = 3 and b = -2

C a = -2 and b = 3

D a = 3 and b = 2
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Solution:

Given: Matrix A is skew symmetric ⇒ AT = -A ..


. . (i)
Now,
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Solution:

From (i), A + AT = O

⇒a+2=0 and
b-3=0
∴ a = -2 and
b=3
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Symmetric and Skew symmetric Matrix


Theorem 1: For any square matrix A with real number
Very Important
entries, A + A' is a symmetric matrix and A - A' is skew
symmetric matrix.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Symmetric and Skew symmetric Matrix


Theorem 1: For any square matrix A with real number
Very Important
entries, A + A' is a symmetric matrix and A - A' is skew
symmetric matrix.

Theorem 2: Any square matrix can be expressed as the


sum of a symmetric and skew symmetric matrix.
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

NCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2015

Express the matrix as sum of symmetric

and skew-symmetric matrix.


CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

NCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2015

Express the matrix as sum of symmetric

and skew-symmetric matrix.


CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

NCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2015

Express the matrix as sum of symmetric

and skew-symmetric matrix.


CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Solution:

We know that a square matrix A can be written as

Where, ½ (A + AT ) is symmetric and ½ (A - AT)


is skew-symmetric.

For the given matrix


CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Solution:

and

Hence,
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2020

The matrix can be expressed as the sum of

symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix as

A B

C D
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2020

The matrix can be expressed as the sum of

symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix as


CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2020

The matrix can be expressed as the sum of

symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix as


CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

CBSE-2020

The matrix can be expressed as the sum of

symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix as

A B

C D
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Solution:

We know that a square matrix A can be written as

Where, ½ (A + AT ) is symmetric and ½ (A - AT)


is skew-symmetric.
For the given matrix
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

Solution:

And,

Thus,
CLASS 12 - MATHS - MATRICES

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