...

--- - -- - -- - - - -- REVl f WER ~ J~ '

MACHINE DESIGN
■'ri ■ I

r _
f 1200 rpm and having a mean rirn C _ adiu s 01
,,, fact or
. ce ntri fug al force. Use
0
st iron flyw hee l is rota ted at a speed , - 41_ (li,1;
,t,f . A cc1 th
,s e
is 30 lbs, wh at
foo t. If the [email protected] t o f th e rim
Bd . Oct 95 ). c. 14, 860 Jbs
A. 14,8001bs D. 14, 724 lbs *
B. 7m t

S ~:

I 200 ~
V =rrDN = ."T"(2{ - - I = 125 .664 ft/sec
60 /
w v2 3'-XI 25.664
,,/ )
)2 = l4,7 24 lbs
--- -
Fe = cen trifugal forc e ==
gr 32. J 7'-t\J
dia me ter thro ugh a 1/4 in steel Pate
1 ,
1 2 ·,nc e5
· · punch- a hoe h
Wh at pre ssu re is req uire d to
~-
(ME Bd. Apr 95}. c. 30 tons
A. 10 ton s o. 40tons •
B. 20 tons

S ~:

p. 192 4:
Fro m Ma chin erie s Han dbo ok

2 x (1/4) x 80 = 40 tons
Pressure = d x t x 80 ton s=
0 N-m of energy during
st be capa,ble of furn ish ing 34~
t y. A flywhee l for a pun chin g pres s mu
hole is being pun che d. The flyw
hee l m,a xim um speed Is 200
the 25% rev olu tion whi le the an rad ius of the rim is
spe ed dec rea ses 8. 7% dur ing the load stro ke. The me
rpm and the teto tal weight of the
l,016 m• and con trib ute s 90% of the ene
rgy req uire me nts . App rox ima
wei ght of the rim . Com put e
the tota l we igh t of the flywheel.
flyw hee l to be 1.20 tim es the
(ME Bd. Oct 94) .
C. 935 N
. A. 955 N •
D. 796 N
B. 925 N

S ~: ••••
V1 = 21trN1 = 2n(1.016)(200/60)
= 21. 279 m/s ec
0.087)
½ = 2nrN2 = 2,r(l.016)(200/60)(1-
= 19. 427 m/sec

KE = H-~.
1v/ - V,, 2 )
2g ~ -

.
by the flyw h ee 1nm
KE = kinetic energy relea ~ed
_ h
Wr - welg t of the flyw hee l rim

-·- ---
· - - - - -- - - - -
 H~. ( 1 )
400(0.90) = 2(9.81) 21.279 - - 19.427 2

_ 796 .38 N
~r: total weight of th e flywheel = 1.20 x Wr = 1.20 x '796 .38 == 955.6 N

4. A shearing machine re_quires 1_50 kg -m of energy to shear a steel sheet, and has a normal
speed of 3 rev/sec, slowing down to 2.8 rev/sec during the shearing process . The flywheel
JlaS a mean diameter of 7 5 cm and weighs 0.018 kg/cm 3. The width of the rim is 30 cm . If the
hlJb and arms of th e flywheel account for 15% of its total weight, find the thickness of the
rilfl •
A- 1 cm C. 4 cm
e. 5 cm D. 3 cm •

Vi =7tDN1 = rr(O. 75)(3) = 7.0686 m/sec

v2 =7tDN2 = n(O. 75)(2.8) = 6.5973 m/sec

KE = ~: ~? - V})
W ( 2 "})
150 = ( ) 7.0686 ·- 6.5973'"
· 2 9.81 _
W = weight of flywheel = 456.93 kg

JN =Wr + WJ h
456.93 = w, + 0.15(456.93)
w, = 388.39 kg
W, =nDbtp
388.39 =1t{75)(30) X t X 0 .018
t =: thickness of rim = 3 cm

S. A-flywheel weighing 910 kg has a radius of gyration of 1524 mm. The shaft journals are
304.8 mm in diameter and have.a coefficient of friction of 0.06. After the wheel reaches 120
rpm, the driving force is withdrawn and the wheel slows to 60 rpm. How much energy thus
the wheel loss? (ME Bd. Oct 92).
A. 12SkN-m • C. 130 kN-m
8, 140kN-m D. 150 kN-m
~ <1)1= 120 rpm

s~ .
~i1 :::
120 rev x 36<f .x :,r rad.\- min
1rin rev 18<:f 60 sec
::: 4n rad/sec

11) 2 ::: rev 36<:f ,r rad . mm

60 - x - - x - - - x
f
min ,·ev -i 8Cf 60 sec
== 2n rad/sec

• I
 - G
MACHINE DESI - N -REVI EWER BY JAS TORD ILLO_
_ _ ___ ___ _ ___

~E = 125,1 59 N~m = 125.15 kN-m

6. A shea 1ing mach inr requi res 150 kr,-n, 0 f ene gy to shea r a st ee l shee t, and has
r h •t . a riorrria\
1
durii~g t he s .~~~n~ ~~oc~ss : lhe flvwhe~
spee d of 3 rev/s ec, slowi ng down to 2.8 rev/sec
has a mean diam eter of 75 cm and weighs 0 .018 kg/c 0
e r~m 30 crn . If th
m · T _e w, . 15
hub and arms o f t he flywh eel accou nt for ls oL tits total weig ht, find the thickness of ti.1 '
,roO
• e rir~
(ME Bd . Oct 2006 )
A. 1cm .
C. 4 cm
B. S cm O. 3 cm •

s ~.
V, =1tDN 1 =
rr{O.75)(3) =
7.068 6 m/se c
V~ =1tDN2 == rr{O.75}(2.8) = 6.5973 m/se c RIM · 30cm ·
'I I
'.
I(

.
)I: :

- .
KE = : '
.:.g
(vi2 - v,?) t

150 = w K7.0 686f -(6.5973)2]

2(9.8 1) · ·
W = weig ht of flywh eel = 456.93 kg 75cm

W = Wnm + Wah

I 456.9 3 = Wrirn + 0.15( 456.9 3)

Wrim = 388.3 9 kg

Wrim = n:Dbtp
388.3 9 =rc(75}(30)t(O.O18) t = thickness of rim = 3 cm
7. How many 5/16 inch holes can be punc h in
one motio n in a steel plate made of SAE 1010
steel, 7/16 inch thick using a force of 55 tcms. The
ultim ate stren gth for shear is 50 ksi ao d
use 2 factor of safety. (ME Bd. Oct 2006 )
A. 5.8 C. 5 *
8. 3.7 D. 6.2

S ~:
I-'
Ss == -
rrDt
= 5 5(20 00)
000
so. ,d)c76)
D = 1.6 in
1,6
No. of holes
=v
/16 '
= 5.12 says holes
 c=------- -~ .~==~-------~-=I.;=-=.. -=
~ -~:-zi-=~_:_____ l2.S7~jfu~· 120 I
S--
~F~LY~lJ:IIHHiEIEEELLS:- - - - - -- - -~
■
h'tes at
h eel rota
8. A flywh rpm or 12 57 rad/ 102 rpm or 10.68 rad/sec
ation th~t re~ulres i secs owed down to
during t e punc mg oper
portion of the cycle :
ion of the fl . : s~cond of the punching
cornpute.the angular accelerat
A.. .2.52 . J~ eel in rad/sec
· 2.75
1
. (ME Bd. Apr 2006)

8' 3.15 D. 2.22

'
....- lt.
~: ~IIJlllllllllll <i2 = 10.68 rad/sec
1

aJ2 - Wt _;_ ] 0.68 -12 .57

(J. == t - 0. 75 = -2.5 2 rad/sec2

.
r . slowed down to 90 rpm .durin. g a punching
9. The. flywheel· on a press rotating at 100 ~m 15
operation that requ ires 1 second f Compute the
angular decelerat ion in rad/sec -sec ohr punching port ion of the system cycle.
·
t e flywhe eI un d ergoes . Given the angular velocities for
.
120 rpm is 10.47 rad/ sec. And f 9 9.42 rad/sec, (ME Bd. Apr 2003}
.
A . 1, 6 or O mph
· 3 c. -1.os ·•
8. -1.26 D. -O.93

W1 = 100 rpm = 10.47 rad/sec

W2 = 90 rpm = 9.42 rad/ sec
9.42 - I 0.4 7 · 2
a= I = -1.04 5 rad/ sec

lerat es from rest with a = s radia ns/se c-se c. In s

10. A punc hing mac hine fl ywh eel acce
(ME Bd. Apr 2003)
seconds, how many revo lutio ns are ach ieved?
C. 12
A. 8
D. 6
8. 10•

$ o/ll(io,,:

2
8 == w 1t + ½ ut 2 = O + ½(5){5) =62 .5 rad= 9.947 rev

steel plate.
to punch 4" diameter hole on ¼" thick
11. Find the work ing pressure requ ired
(ME Bd. Apr 2002)
C. 75 tons
A. 60 tons
tons O. SO tons •
B. 70

Handbook:
Using derived form ula from Mac hine ry's

p• d X t X 80= 4c ) so) • 80 tons

te on a 25 mm thick plate . The
12, A mechanical press is used to punch 6 holes per minu MPa. The
has an ultim ate stren gth in shear. of 420
, hole is 25 mm in diam eter and the plate ess of
normal oper ating speed Is 200 rpm and
it slows dow n t 0 180 rpm during the proc
one mete r and the rim widt h is 3 time s the
Punching. The flyw heel has a mean diam eter of
 EWER BY J~ I UK UILLU
MACHINE DESIGN REVI_ ~ t ·

H=I
thickness. Assume that th e hub and ;;:;~-~ int
tor 5% of rim w e i. ~ ~
b. t--
K'entrat"'- the· l .
diam eter and the density of cil~t lrol) Is 7,20 0 kg per cu ic meter. Find the· Po~C'a ~t
the mean
KW required to drive th e press . er1~
I

1(60)
(a) Tim e per hol e = - - = 10 sec
6
Max. force re quired to pun ch on e hole
= shear area (ultimate Shear stress)
= n(0 .025)(0.025)(420,000) = 824.668 kN

average force lhickne.\·J) (824.668/ zX0.025)

Power= ~ - ~ - - - - - ' - ' - - - - ~ = --=-----~---- - = 1.031 KW
tim e 10

13. From the pre. vious problem, find the w· idth and thickness of the flywh ee I rirn .In
millimeters.

s ~--
v, a rrDN a n(l.0) ( ~~O) • _w.472 m/sec

180
V:2 = n(l) ( ) = 9.425 m/sec
, 60
E = energy required
824.668
=ave.force x thickness= - - - x (0.025) = 10.31 -kN-m
2

E= ~(v?-vl)
2g ·. ,i b = 3t I
!
10.13;:: W [(10.472)2 -(9.425) 2
]
! I
..... .. • • • .
I( )II
'
i

t ~ ·- ···.. ····- · .

·r··
r"/h
2(9.81) ·
W=9.71kN weight of flywheel I I

WR+ 0.0SWR = 9.71

' WR= 9.248 kN,= 942. 7 kg weight of the rim l.m

WR= n Db t (density)
942. 7 = n(1}(3t)(t)(7200)
t = 0.118 .m

b = 3(0.118) = 0.354 m

Therefore:
b =width'= 354 mm
·t =thickness= 118 mm·

. .
~
14. It is found that a shearin mac . . .
of sheet metal The hme requires 205 Joules of energy to shear a specific gauge '
eed is 200
sp_ r~m a::Ct~ln ameter
d1_ of the flywheel Is to be 76.2 cm. The normal operating
d . . . . h iS
- - - , ·sows down to 180 rpm uring shearing process. The r i m ~ ,
 ~
[ ---- - - -~
~-- EELS -- -- -
-~
48 cni , an e Weight of th ______ --- -- ---- -- - ■lil-- l •ca:i
30,urnlnS t hat t he hub and . e c.-.st iron is 7,l966k , - .
ass diameter, ,H rn ~ Dlcount for lO~ · Mrn · Find the thi ckness of t hr. rrrn,
,,,ean " of the rim w elRht concentrated on th e

s""""",.
., !-~/ -vl )
E' 2g
E = energy requi red t 0 h
s ear = 20 5 J = 205 N-rn
g = 9.81 m/sec 1

V1 = 1tDN 1= n(0.762)(~) -
60 - 7.9A m/sec

V2 = 1tDN 2= 1t(0.762) ( ~)\ _

.- 7.182 m/sec
60
W = weigh~ of the flywheel
I ·! 0.48 cm
t .. ,
su t,stituti ng:
w r, ')
205= 2(9.81)·~7.98)- ~ (7.182) ]
2 -r
t

W=332.4 N = 33.884 kg
76.2 cm
Wr + O.1OWr = W = 33,884 kg
Wr =30:804 kg

Weigllt = Volume x Density

30.804 = 1t(0.762}(0.3048)(t)(7196.6)
t =0.00S87 m - O.S87 cm

15. A sheet metal working company purchased a shearing machine from a surplus dealer
without a flywheel. It is calculated that the rr'lachine will use 2380 joules of energy to shear a ·
' 1.2 mm thick sheet metal. The flywheel to be used will .have a mean diameter of ,91.44 cm
with a width .of 25.4 cm: The normal operating speed is 180 rpm and slows down td 160 rpm
during the shearing process. Assuming that the arms and the hub will account for 12% of the
rim weight concentrated at the mean diameter and that the material density Is 0.26 lb/cu. in.,
he weight of the flywheel.
compute t_

S~:

E= .!_~i2 ~ vl)
2g . '
where : E = energy required to shear= 2380 J = 2380 N-m
w = weight of flywheel
2 '
--- ----- - - 91.44 cm
g = 9.81 m/sec

'v, = itDN, = it(O .9144) ( 168:) •8MB m/sec

. V2 = rcDN2 ~ 7t(0.9144)
160) = 7.660 m/sec
(60
 ,.,.,,_ MACHINE DESIGN R f: VU
: vvc n o , .,,.. ., , ~ -·- ·~ -

Su bst itu tin g:

2380 = W [s.61 g2 - 7.66ri'-]

2( 9.8 1)
kg
W = 29 94 .4 N i: 30 5.2 4
s of the rim .
pre vio us pro ble m, de ter mi ne the thicknes
16 . From the

S ~:

W, + 0.1 2W r = W a 30 5 ,24
w, = 272.S kg weight of the rim
btw
Weight a: Volu!ne x De11slty = 7t Dm
wh ere :
·' .37)3i I 3
n.3 = 7,195.5 kg ,m
. lb x - -kg- x ~(J9
02 - - ' - - -
w = density = . 6 - 3 2.205 lb m3
in

4)(t)(7195.5)
272.5 = 1t(O.9144){O.25
t ="o.0519 m = 5.1 9 cm
. .
e x 10 inches
sp ok ed ste el fly wh ee l having a 1'2 inch wid
dia me ter
t (in inches) can be stamped in
cm )
17. A 48 inch (12 1.9 . Ho w Jon g a cu
rim ro tat es at 20 0 rpm
(30.5 x 25.4 cm ) de ep of aluminum is
alu mi nu m pla te If ult imate shearing str~ngth
one (1) inch2 (2.5 cm) thick th e sta mp varies from a
.9 KP a). Du ring sta mp ing, the force exerted by the metal.
40,000 fb/in (275,789 to zer o lb wh en the- sta mp emerges from
int of co nta ct
maximum F lb at the po de ns ity for flywheel
3

fly wh ee l an d sp ok es an d use Q.28 lb/ in

Neglect th e we igh t of
the
material.

SolAttiM:

. wh ee l= 4B - 2
(10)) = 3Bin
D,n = mean dia me ter of fly 2
d.
an d spokes ar~ neglecte
Weight of flywheel hu b
.rim = voJume x density
W = weight of fly wh ee l
.2 lbs
== 1t(38)(12)(10}(0.28)= 4,011
48"
V= velocity of fly wh ee
l rim at cen1erline

= 1tDmN == ,r( 38x2 00J

12 60
= 33.2 ft/sec

fly wh ee l
E = energy supplied by
fv
W .-,
-- -\. 2- V2 2)
2g
. n vi= 0
f h fl . . the sta mp ing op era tio '
Assuming all the ene rgy o t e ywheel 1s sp en t rn
E _ 4,0 I 1.2 f,3 2)2 ] .

J - 2(32.2J ~ ~- -0 - 68,653.8 ft-lbs

/

c==
~ eration Is shearing process,
FLYWHEELS
11111
st.a F-:: ,Tiaximum force

f+ox_!_ J ~ 68,653.8
tet
(:--:;- 12
47 691 .2 lbs
F::: 1' 6 '
Let L::: length of cut
Force F
- ----=-
stress - Area Lt
t.64 7,691.2
4(),00o = L(l)
L-:: 41,2 Inches

is. Determine the mass moment of Inertia with respect to the axis of rotation, the flywheel
effect, and the radiu~ of gyration of cast iro~ flywheel having the following specifications:
Rim: OD= 1300 mm; ID:: 1iso mm;
Face Width= 310 mm
Hub: OD .= 220 mm; ID= 110 mm
Length = 260 mm
Ar 01 s: . 6 with 50 x 80 mm in cross-section and considered as. slender rods, L = 480 mm.

5 2
Density of cast-iron is 7.l0 ·x 10· kg/mm
. 310mm i
~ 4 Jr !
S"""4#:

Solving for the mass of each part: ·

2
Mass of rim, M, =nm(R - r2)L
2
=1t(7.10 X 10"5){65<r- 575 )(310) 1300mm
=635 .3 kg

2 2
Mass of hub, Mh =1tm(R - r )L
2
=1t(7.10 X 10"6){1102 - 55 )(260)
=52.63 kg

Mas,ofarm,M, = m•(f x%}

= ,r(7.1 Ox] 0-" {520 X 820 )480)
= 10.7 kg per arm
I

Solving for the Moment of Inertia Qf each part:

For rim: I, = ½ M(R2 +r2) .2

2
= ½ (635.3}(0.650 + 0.575 )
2
= 239.23 kg-m-s
' j

, • • , . ,- - - -- - - M ACH1Nf.DESIGNR EVIE WEROY JA5TDR DIL~

For hub : I, = ½ M(R 1 + r 7) ---

2 1
;:; ½ (5 2.63 )(0 .110 + 0.05S )

')
2
= 0.2388 kg-m-s
For 6 arm~ :

la = 6 -
l
ML-
12
1
+ Md-

Whe re: d = ½(0 .480 ) + 0.110 = 0.350

I,
7 48
= 6[ I 0. (~~ 0f + (10. 7x0.35 0)
2
J
2
= 9 .097 kg-m-sec

Mass Momen t of Inertia of the Flywheel : 2

I = Ir + lh + la = 239.23 + 0.2388 + 9.097= 248.56 kg-m-sec

Total Mass of the Flywhee l: ·

M = Mr+ Mh + M., = 635.3 + 52.63 + 6(10.7) = 752.13 kg
The Flywhe el Effect: . 2
2
Wk = Mgk = Ix g = 248.56 x 9.81= 2438.37 N-m-se c = 2438.37
2 2 kg-m

24 56
Radius of Gyratio n, k = /!MI = 8. = 0.574 m = 574 mm
VM 1s213

19. A cast-iro n flywhee l has an outside diamete r of 3 meters and a rim

110 mm thick, 480
If it runs at 220 rpm,
mm wide. The ultimat e tensile stress ·o f good grade cast.:iro n is 230 MPa.
tension in the arms
determ ine the hoop tension in rim a_ssuming no flows in manufa cture and
negligible. ~

S ~:
RIM
!
' ··- --
; 480 mm
!•
!
~.i
1

- -
· 110mm

Mean rim speed, V = ,r(2.8 9{ ::oJ

V = 33 .29 m/s
3rn

6 2
Density of cast-iro_n, p = 7.1 x 10· kg/mm

2
Hoop stress, S1 = 1000mV
6 2
= 1000(7.1 X 10- )(33.29) = 7.868M Pa

Hoop Tension, T = St {A)= 7.868(110)(480) = 415,430 .40 N = 415.43 kN

assumin g no flows in
20. From the previou s problem , determ ine the burstin g speed
.manufa ctwe and tension in the arms·negligible.
1'
,stili~ speed, v~ = 11.87/s:: :::: l l.87J2Jo "' 180 m/s: 10,800 m/min
~~

"V of 2900 N-m Is requlr•d t • hi

A,, 011° r" · " 0 cut 25-mm square 1teel bars by a shearing mac ne.
l 1· cllttiti8 operation Is l/lO of a revolution and the maximum cut per minute is 15. The
f~P 11 dla1'1eter of th0 machine flywheel Is 950 mm and rotating at 120 rpm . Considering th e
~ \ of the wheel to be concentrated entirely at the rim calculate the weight of
10 th e
th th
~,a:nttl, Assume at e flywheel slowed down 10% while delivering 'energy.
It{'

If at everv s(trtxea; t)he sh~ar a cut Is made the cutting action occupies
15 10 = 150nin

EoergV supplied, by the drive during that time is 2900/10 = 290 N-m

E::: 29 00- 290 = 2610 N-m

Vi = ,-r{0:95p( l!~O) = 5.969 m/s

Vi =S.37Z m/s

e= !.~?-vl)
2g

2610 =b(s.96 <r-s.31i2)

2\9.8 lJ
W = 7563.3 N

22. It is desired to determine the dimensions of two solid flywheels, built up of plate discs
bolted together, which wlll have the same energy stored as in a car weighing 18kN and
travelling 95 kph. The flywhee~has an outside diameter of 1200 mm and the tire diameter is
710 mm. If the flywheel is driven from direct peripheral contact with the wheels, determine
the necessary kinetic ener_gy of one flywheel.

SolMu.:

The velocity of the car i~

9~1000) l ,

= 26.4 m/s
3600
2 1&,oo<x:26.4)2
2
wv
= 2g = ( _ I) = 639,412.8 N-m
kE of the car=½ mV
298

639•4128 =319,706.4 N-m

kEof one flywheel=
2
 ~
TORDIUO
MACHINE·OESIGN REVIEWER BY JAS
M il li _ f_
tl-a -o-;
;n_e_r-::
·o7f -=-- o_n_ el_. ~
--:-h-e_
e-:fl:-yw
_
_p o_
r_ le
~_ _m _o
- ln_e_t_h_e_m
_,_d_e_t_e-r m _ e_n_t _
_m
-=-2-=-3-_ -=-Fr_o _
_m _
th _
e re
p_ - v _
-io _s
u

S ~:

0 N and its mass is

one -ha lf tha t of the car or 900
The we igh t of one flyw hee l is
9000
- - = 917 .4 kg
9.81

Mo me nt of Ine rtia , 1 = ~ MR' = ~ (917.4 (' ~ooy = 165.13 kg-m'= 165 .13 N-m--s'

n.
det erm ine the rad ius of gyr atio
24. Fro m the pre viou s pro ble m,

The radius of gyr atio n is

165 13
k = /I =
VM
·
917.4
= 0.4 24 m = 424 mm

flyw hee l.
det erm ine the thickness of the
25. From the previous pro ble m,

S ~:
2
mm
den sity of ste el= 7.83 x 10~ kg/

M = den sity x-vo lurr ie

917 .4 = (1.83xl o-o {; )(1200)2(1

)
heel)
t =10 3.6 mm (thickness of the flyw
k steel plates.
igne d to pun ch 24 mm -dia me ter holes thro ugh 12 mm thic
26. A pre ss is des ijro ved tha t the force required
te she ar stre ngt h of stee l pla te is 360 MPa. It has been
Ulti ma because of friction
0

gre ate r tha n tha t required to remove the slug

at the pun ch is 25% of 7
. The pre ss is ope rate d at 30 rpm thro ugh gears having a ratio
bet wee n the too l and die than 850 mm in
aus e of the loca tion of the sha h, the whe el may not be larger
• to 1, and bec of eccentric travel and the
on takes place ove r 75 degree
dia me ter. The p,u nch ing ope rati ical efficiency Is .809'-
ls to be lim ited ~o 15%. The overall mechan
speed fluc tua tion l effect. ASsume
cros s sec tion of the 'rim if the rim provides 95% of the flyw hee
Det erm ine the
n.
the rim has square cross-sectio

So 4tl. :

The force req uire d to punch a

hole:
,15 0 N
F == n(2 4 x 12) (36 0)(1 .25) = 407

Work = Pxt _ 407,l 5{(12) 162 8 .6 N-m

3(1 ooo) - 3(1ooo) =
I
~E~E~LS~ - - - - · - - .
FL~Y~W~H
C - - -- - -- -- -.:.: -· -------- ■lfi
The punching operation takes place in 75/360 o r 5/24 of a revolution. The energy supplied
bV the motor during the punching operation ::i 1628.6 )( 5/24 "' 339 .3 N-m

Energy that th e flywheel supplies= 1628.6 - 339.3 :: 1289 .3 N-m

With 80% overa.11 mechanical efficiency, the energy at the flywheel shaft must be

1289.3
O.SO = 1611.63 N-m
RIM . b
'+ - - ~
Flywheel diameter = 850 mm

V1 = ,T (0 -~·:,sf 3Ch7)
'\ ~ = 9.35 m/s

850mm
V2 = 0.85 (9.35) = 7.95 m/s

Change in KE:

KE=-:, 1--,f
w (v., .1,., ).
. _g

1611 .63 = (
(.
W )f35 2
- 7_95-" )
2 9.81
W = 1305.5 N

If the rim provides 95% of the flywheel effect, the weight ot the rim would be: 1

Wr = 0.95W = 0.95 (1305.5) = 1240.3 N

2 3
density of steel= 7.83 X 10' 6 kg/mm = 7.6789 X 10':; N/mm

The cross section of the rim is:

.
~ = W,. = 12403
5
· = 6048.65 mm 2
mip 7r(ssoh.6789d 0- )
· :: bx t = t2 (square cross-section) b =t =77.7 mm
I

27. From the previous problem, what would be the motor power supplied to the press with
the flywheel, if the maximum number of punching Is 30 per minute?

The maximum number of punching is 30 per minute an~ the rate of ene·rgy to be supplied by
the motor, with the flywheel, would be

\Ar 30
vvork e: 1611.63 x - = 805.82 N-m/s
60

Woit:: 805.82W = 0.8058 kW use 0.80 kw motor

nr , , - -- - -- M_A_CH _E
- .-,N- E_D _EV
_s_,G_N_ R _E
_ IE_W _Y_J-:-AS
_R_ B o-=-
-=-=T-=- -____
=-,:llO
Ro

power_ supplied to th, ·

2~. From the previous proble m, what would be the motor
per minute? Pr,s;
witho ut the ffywheef, if the maximum number of punchl~g is 30

s ~.
Energy at the t:ount er shaft witho ut the flywhe el Is

16 I 1.63
= 2014.53 N~m
0.80

Moto r Power witho ut flywheel

= 20145 3{30) = 2.0 kw motor
60,000 ·
 L- - - - FLYWHEELS ,- - - - -- -- ---

r.&:.pj:.t.fu~-j
P. U. lt :Q @AJ Je ■a
---- _
1. A cast iron flyw heel 15- rota ted -
· . at a spee d of Boo
feet. If the weig ht of the
nm is 45 lbs, wha t is the ce~~~ and havin
g a mean rim radius of 1 5
. · n ugal force. Use facto r c = 41. ·
2 Wha t pres sure · ·
is requ ired t 0
.
plate? punc h a hole 1 s 1nches diam
.
.
eter throu gh a 1/2 in steel

- .
3. A flyw heel for a punc hing press mus t b f .
I . . bein e capable of furni shing 3800 N-m o energy during
the 25 70 revo utm n whil e the h o 1e- 1s
01

d is 200
ng punched. The, flywheel max imum spee
,rp_m and the speed_ decr ease s 8.7% duri radius of the . .
f th e energgythe load stroke. The mean nm 1s
1016 mm and cont ribu tes 90CV .ro o r . the·
equ,~ements. Appr oxim ate total weig ht of
flyw heel to be 1.20 time s the weig ht 0 f h . Compute the total weig ht of the flywheel.
t e nm.
,
4. A shea ring mac hine requ ires 220 k
spee d of 3 rev/s ec, slow ing dow n tQ ~~; rof
energy t?
shear a ste~I sheet, and has a norm al
eel
d ev/s ec durin g the shearing process. The flywh
has a mea n diam eter of 7S cm . If the
O.OlS kg/cm 3. The widt h of the rim is 30 cm
hub and arm s of the flyw h I an weig hs ht, find the thick ness of the
rim. ee acco unt for 15% of its total weig

h as a ra d"1us of gyra tion .

· of 1600 mm. The shaft journ als are
5. A flyw heel
• •
weig hing 990 Im
"'f5
es 120
, 3o4 .B mm •~ ~,a met er and have a coef
ficie nt of friction of 0.06. Afte r the whee l reach
whee l slows to 60 rpm. How much energy
thus
rpm, the dnvm g forc e Is with draw n and the
the whe el loss ?
a norm al
of enem y to shear a steel sheet, and has
6. A shea ring mac hine requ ires 180 kg-m The flywh eel
rev/sec durin g the shearing process.
spee d et 3 rev/s ec, slow ing dow n to 2.8 3 cm. If the
hs 0.018 kg/c m • The widt h of the rim is 36
has a mea n diam eter of 90 cm and weig ness of the
fo r 100/4 of Its total weig ht, find- the thick
hub and arm s of the flyw heel acco unt
rim.
h In one moti on in a steel plate made of SAE 1010
7. How man y 5/16 inch holes can be punc 60 ksi and
tons . The ultim ate stren gth for shear is
steel , 7/16 Inch thick usin g a force of 85
use 2 fact or of safe ty.
1 rad/ sec
7 rad/s ec slow ed dow n to 110 rpm or 11.5
8. A flyw heel rota tes at 150 rpm or 15. the cycle .
h' pera tion that requ ires½ seco nd of the punc hing porti on of
· h . . 2
du ring t e punc 1ng o
flywh eel in rad/s ec .
Com pute the angu lar acce lerat ion of the
durin g a punc hing
rota ting a t 120 rpm is slow ed dow n to 99 rpm h
t e
9 . - The tlyw hee l on a. presssecond for punching portion of the syste m cycle. Com pute
1 fl, whe el unde rgoe s.
oper ation that requ ,~es th e 'I
angu lar dece lera tion ,n rad/ sec- sec
h el acce lerat es from rest with a. = 10
radia ns/se c-sec . In 8
. .
1yw e . ?
10. A punc hing mac hine r ·ons a re achi eved
lut 1
seconds, how man y revo •
l plate.
11

· ed to punc h 3" diam eter hole on ¼ thick stee ·

11. Find the work ing pres sure requ ir
ch 10 holes per minu te on a 25 mm thick MP
plate. The
d
·
r a. Th e
12 , A mec h an Ica Press is use hto pun t has an· ultim ate stren gth in shea r of 390
d I
hole Is 25 mm in diam eter ar1 t e Pa e
iiif:• H::
M:-:A::C::
1 - - - ----:-: 1N=e--=o--E--- ,e-:
V--::
SI__G_N__R__E-: R--=B-:
w--=E--- JA-:S::-::T:-::O:-::R---
Y-:- _ _ ___
D-IL-LO

norm:.' operating speed is 200 rpm and it slows •down to 180 rpm during the pro~
punc ing. The flywheel has a mean diameter of one meter ·and the rim width is 3 tlrn ss of
thickness A h esth
. arm account for 10% of the rim weight concentrated e
· . ssume t at the hub and
th e mean diameter and the density of cast Iron is 7, 200 kg per cubic meter. Find the pow ~t
KW required to drive the press. er 1n

13. From the previous problem, find · the width and thickness of the flywheel rim .
mill imeters. in

14. It is found that a shearing machine requires 250 joules of energy to shear a specific gauge
of she~t metal. The mean dinmeter of the flywheel Is tooe 76.2 cm. The normal operating
speed 1s 200 rpm, and slows down to 180 ~pm during s~earing process. The rim width is
3
30.48 cm. and the weight of the cast iron is 7,196.6 kg/m • Find the thickness of the rim
assuming that the hub and arms account for 10% of the rim weight concentrated on th:
mean diameter. ·

15. A sheet metal working company purchased a shearing machine from a surplus dea ler
with out a flywheel. It is calculated that the machine wili use 2500 joules of energy to shear a
1.2 .mm thick sheet metal. The flywheel to be ·used will have a mean diameter of 91.44 cm
wit h a width.of 25.4 cm. The normal operating speed is 180 rpm and slows down t9 160 rpm
during the shearing process. Assuming that the arms and the hub will account for 12% of the
rim weig~t concentrated at the mean diameter and that the material density is 0.26 lb/cu. in.,
compute the weight of the flywheel.

16. From the previous problem; determine the thickness of the rim.

17. A so inches diameter spoked steel fl~heel having a 12 inch wide x 8 inches deep rim
rotates at 320 rpm. How long a cut (in Inches) can be stamp~d in one (1) inch thick aluminum
2
plat e if ultimate shearing strength of aluminum is 40,000 lb/in • During stamping, the force
exerte d by the stamp varies from a maximum F lb at the point of contact to zero lb when the
stamp emerges from the metal. Neglect the weight of the flywheel and spokes and use 0.28
lb/ in 3 density for flywheel material.

18. Determine the mass moment of inertia with respect to the axis of rotation, the flywheel
effect, a.nd the radius of gyration of steel flywheel having the following specifications:
Rim: OD= 1300 mm; ID= 1150 mm; ·
Face Width= 310 mm
Hub: OD= 220 mm; ID = 110 mm
Length = 260 mm
Arms: 6 with sox 80 mm in cross-section and considered as slender rods, L = 480 mm.

·0 J
u se density of steel equal to 8.5 x 10 kg/m rY1
'd th' k soO
19. A cast-iron flywheel has an outside diam eter of 3. 2 meters an a rim 105 mm 1c ,
mm wide. The ultimate tensile stress of good grade cast -iron ls 225 MPa . If it ru,is at 240 rpm,
determine the hoop tension in rim assuming no fl ows in manufacture and tension in the arms
.negligible.

20. From the previous problem, determine the burst, , 1c · speed assuming no flows in
manufacture and ter·r•on in the arms negligi~le.

- - - -- ------- --
c = = -- -- - - - - - - - . ' . .F~LYW
~~ H~
EE=l ~
S- - - - - - - ~ -- -

~ A11
21.
energy
. •
of 3200 N-m is 1·
·.
I· --- - - - - . -- -. - -
equ I ed to cut 25 -mm squar e steel bars by a shea ring ma chin e.
rhe cutting operation is 1/10 Of a revo 1utIon •
and the rrnaxlmum cut per minute rs •
l S. T h e
d. eterofth h. · ·
n,ean ,am · e mac rne flywheel Is 1000 mm and rotating at 150 rpm. Consi dering t he
. mass of the wheel to be conceptrate d entirely at th e rim, calculate th e w eight · o f th e
fly wheel. Assume that the flywheel slowed- down 10'¾
' h
0

'I d 1· ·
ow t e e rvermg energy . ·

22. It is desired to determine the dimensions of two solid flywh eel s, built up of pla te discs
bolted toge th er, which will have the same energy stored as in a car weighing 20 kN and
travelling lOS ,kph. The flywheel has an outside diameter of 1200 mm and the tire diam eter is
710 mm. If th e_ fly~heel is driven from direct peripheral contact with the whe els, det ermine
the necessary kinetic energy of one flywheel.

23. From the previous problem, determine the moment of Inertia of one flywheel.

24. From the previous problem, determine the radius of gyration.

25. From the previous problem, determine the thickness of the flywheel.
I ,

26. A press is designed to punch 25 mm-diameter holes through 15 mm thick steel plates .
Ultimate shear strength of steel plate is 380 MPa. It has been proved that the force required
at the punch is 25% greater than that requ•red to remove the slug because of friction
between the tool and die. The press is operated at 30 rpm through gears having a ratio of 7
to 1, and because of the location of the shah, the wheel may not be larger than 850 mm in
diameter. The punching operation takes place over 75 degree of eccentric travel and the
speed fluctuation is to be limited to 15%. The overall mechanical efficiency is 80% .
Determine the cross section of the rim if the rim provides 95% of the flywheel effect. Assume
6 2
the rim has square cross-section. Use density of ste~I = 7.83 x 10" kg/mm .

27 . From the previous problem, what would be the motor power supplied to the press with
the flywheel, if the maximum number of punching is 30 per,minute?

28. From the previous problem, what would be the motor powe r sl!pplied to the press
without the flywheel, if the maximum number of punching is 30 per minute?

29. A flywheel rotates at 15 rad/sec slowed down to 12 rad/sec during the punching
operation that requires 1-second .of the punching portion of the cycle. Compute the angular
2
acceleration of the flywheel in rad/sec .

30. A shearing machine requires 380 kg-m ~f en~rgy to shear a steel sheet, and has a normal
speed of 4 rev/sec, slowing down to 2.5 rev/sec during the shearing process. The flywheel
3
has a mean diameter of 90 cm and weighs 0.018 l<g/cm . Find the weight of the flywheel.
---r---
1■1•1 - -- --,----~~ ~ ~-
MACHINE DESIGN REVIEWER BY JAS TORDIUO

!iliNSiDIUr-Wlii&Ci1ta+Mii41 ~
1. 38,880.12 lbs
2. 60 tons
3. 1068.087 N
4, 4:47 cm
5. 150,081 kN-m
6. 1.87 cm
7. 7 holes
8. -8.38 rad/sec 2
9. -2.2 rad/sec 2
10. 50.92 rev
11. 60 tons
12. 1.595 KW
13. 332.8 mm; 110.9 mm.
14. 0.7154 cm
15. 320.63 kg
16. 5.45 cm . .
17. 113.62 inches 2
18. 248.56 kg-m-sec ; 2438.37 kg-m 2; 525 mm

19. 563.325 kN
20. ·10,683 m/min
21 . 4824.18 N
22. 433,595.25 N-m
23. 183.48 N-m-s 2
24. 424 mm
25. 115.1 mm
26. 101.9 mm
27. 1.4 kw motor
29. -3 28. 1.73 kw motor-
30. 96 kg