Seminar- II Report

On

“Training programe on RMC plant ”

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Master's Degree in Civil Engineering

Submitted by

Vasudha Jadhav (Exam Seat No.)

Guided by
Prof.Vinayak Kale

P. G. Civil (Construction & Management)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Dr. D. Y. PATIL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PIMPRI, PUNE – 411018

Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune

(2023-2024)
 Dr. D.Y.PATIL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PIMPRI, PUNE – 411018
(SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the following student has satisfactorily carried out the seminar
work entitled “ ”. This work is being submitted for the award of degree of Master of
Civil Engineering (Construction & Management). It is submitted in the partial
fulfillment of the prescribed syllabus of Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune for
the academic year 2023 – 2024.
Examination Seat No. Name of the Student
Vasudha Ninad Jadhav

Mr.Vinayak Kale
(Guide)

Dr. Shruti Wadalkar Dr. Deepa A. Joshi Dr.Lalit Kumar

Wadhwa
(P.G. Coordinator) (H.O.D.) (Principal)

External Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I hereby take this opportunity to express my profound thanks and deep sense of
gratitude towards my guide, Prof.Vinayak Kale Associate Professor, Department of
Civil Engineering. He gave me a precious time from his busy schedule & his valuable
guidance has been a constant encouragement.
I would also like to thank Dr. Lalit Kumar Wadhwa, Principal, Dr. Deepa A. Joshi,
Head of the Department of Civil Engineering, and the faculty of the Department of
Civil Engineering, whose constant encouragement and expert guidance was
instrumental in the completion of this seminar work.
Let me, at the end, express gratitude to all those from whom I received co-operation,
help & motivation during seminar work.

Name of student
Vasudha Jadhav
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
SYNOPSIS iv
NOTATIONS vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
LIST OF GRAPHS ix

CONTENTS

S.N. NAME OF THE TOPIC PAGE

NO.
1. INTRODUCTION

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

3. SITE DETAILS

4. CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES (refer ASCE journal for format)

BIBLIOGRAPHY (refer ASCE journal for format)

 NOTATIONS LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Name of the table Pg.

No.

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Name of the figure Pg.

No.
 ABSTRACT

Ready-mix concrete (RMC) is a mixture of cement,

water, sand and aggregates. Manufacturing ready-
mix concrete and delivering through a transit mixer
enables the implementation of precise concrete in
the construction project, making it sturdy, strong
and long lasting. Readymix concrete is particularly
advantageous when small quantities of concrete or
intermittent placing of concrete are required. Ready-
mixed concrete is also ideal for large jobs where
space is limited and there is little room for a mixing
plant and aggregate stockpiles.Ready mixed refers
to concrete that is batched for delivery from a
central plant instead of being mixed on the job site.
Each batch of ready-mixed concrete is tailor-made
according to the specifics of the contractor and is
delivered to the contractor in a plastic condition,
usually in the cylindrical trucks often known as
"cement mixers." Ready mix concrete is sometimes
preferred over on-site concrete mixing because of
the volume it can produce with precision of
proportion of mixtures and also due to reduced work
site confusion. Using a pre-determined concrete
mixture reduces flexibility, both in the supply chain
and in the actual components of the concrete.
Introduction
Ready-mix concrete is also termed as the customized concrete products
for commercial purpose. Ready-mix concrete (RMC) refers to concrete
that is specifically manufactured for delivery to the customer’s
construction site in a freshly mixed and plastic or unhardened state.
Concrete itself is a mixture of Portland cement, water and aggregates
comprising sand and gravel or crushed stone. In traditional work sites,
each of these materials is procured separately and mixed in specified
proportions at site to make concrete. Ready-mix concrete is bought and
sold by volume – usually expressed in cubic meters (cubic yards in the
US). Ready-mix concrete (RMC) market is extensively used for the
construction of various infrastructure development applications which
include residential and commercial buildings, airports, runways, ports,
energy generation facilities, production plants, and roads.Ready-mixed
concrete is used in construction projects where the construction site is
not willing, or is unable, to mix concrete on site. Using ready-mixed
concrete means product is delivered finished, on demand, in the
specific quantity required, in the specific mix design required. For a
small to medium project, the cost and time of hiring mixing equipment,
labour, plus purchase and storage for the ingredients of concrete, added

to environmental concerns (cement dust is an airborne health hazard)[9]

may simply be not worthwhile when compared to the cost of ready-
mixed concrete, where the customer pays for what they use, and allows
others do the work up to that point.
Objective-
● Better quality concrete is produced.
● Elimination of storage space for basic materials at site.
● Elimination of procurement / hiring of plant and machinery.
● Wastage of basic materials is avoided.

Materials required for RMC

1. Aggregate
● Aggregate are the important constituents in concrete. They give body
to the concrete, reduce shrinkage and effect economy. The mere fact
that the aggregates occupy 70-80% of the volume of concrete.
● The size of aggregate bigger than 4.75 mm is considered as coarse
aggregate and aggregate whose size is 4.75 mm and less is considered
as fine aggregate.
2. Cement
● Cement is a binder material which sets and hardens indepently, and
can bind other materials together.
● Cement is made up of four main compounds:

Dicalcium Silicate (2CaO SiO2),

Tricalcium Silicate (3CaO SiO2),

Tricalcium Acuminate (3CaO Al2O3),

Terta-calcium Aluminoferrite (4CaO Al2O3 Fe2O3).

● These compounds are designated as C2S, C3S, C3A, and C4AF.

3. Admixture

● Air-entraining admixtures (mainly used in concrete exposed to

freezing).
● Water-reducing admixtures, plasticizers (reduce the dosage of water
while maintaining the workability).
● Retarding admixtures (mainly used in hot weather to retard the
reaction of hydration).
 ● Accelerating admixtures (mainly used in cold weather to accelerate
the reaction of hydration).
● Super plasticizer or high range water-reducer (significantly reduce the
dosage of water while maintaining the workability).

4. Fly Ash

● Fly Ash is a by-product from coal-fired electricity generating power

plants.
● The fly ash is generally used in the concrete in the following ways.
● As partial replace for cement.
● As partial replacement for sand.
● As simultaneous replacement for both cement and sand.

Water

● The pH value of water should be in between 6.0 and 8.0 according to

IS 456-2000.

Rice Husk / Hull Ash (RHA)

● Today, rice is grown and harvested on every continent except

Antarctica.
● More than 550 million tons of rice is produced annually around the
globe.
● That rice husk are used in RMC to increase the strength.

5. Equipment Required

● Storage of materials- Silos, containers and bins.

● Batching arrangement
● Measuring and recording equipment
● Mixing equipment
● Control systems
● Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic drives
● Conveying systems (belt / screw / conveyors).
SITE DETAILS

RMC PLANT
Mixing Process

● Through mixing of the materials is essential for the production of

uniform concrete. The mixing should ensure that the mass becomes
homogeneous, uniform in color and consistency.
● These are the types of mixing process of RMC: Transit Mixed
concrete, Shrink mixed concrete, Central mixed concrete.
● Transit Mixing: it is delivered to the worksite, often in transit mixers
capable of mixing the ingredients of the concrete just before the
delivery of batch. This results in a precise mixture, allowing specially
concrete mixtures to be developed and implemented on construction
sites. The second option available is to mix the concrete at the
batching plant and deliver the ,mixed concrete to the site in an
agitator truck, which keeps the mixed.
● Centrally Mix: in the case of the centrally mixed type, the drum
carrying the concrete revolves slowly so as to prevent the mixed
concrete from “segregation” and prevent its stiddning due to initial
set. However, in the case of the truck-mixed concrete, the batched

Standard ready mix concrete vs. site mix concrete

● A centralized concrete batching plant can serve a wide area. Site-mix

trucks can serve an even larger area including remote locations that
standard trucks can not.
● The plants are located in areas zoned for industrial use, and yet the
delivery trucks can service residential districts or inner cities. Site-
mix trucks have the same capabilities.
● Better quality concrete is produced. Site mix can produce higher
compression strength with less water than standard batching methods.

Scope of Ready Mix Concrete

● Major concreting projects like dams, roads, bridges, tunnels, canals,

etc.
● For concreting in congested areas where storage of materials is not
possible.
● Sites where intensity of traffic makes problems.
● When supervisor and labour staff is less.
● To reduce the time required for construction, etc.
● Huge industrial and residential projects.
Advantages of RMC

● RMC is preferred to on-site concrete mixing because of the precision

of the mixture and reduce worksite confusion. It facilitates speedy
construction through programmed delivery at site and mechanized
operation with consequent economy. It also decreases labor, site
supervising cost and project time, resulting in savings. Proper control
and economy in use of raw material results in saving of natural
resources. It assures consistent quality through accurate computerized
control.

Disadvantages of RMC

● The materials are batched at a central plant, and the mixing begins at
that plant, so the traveling time from the plant to site is critical over
longer distances.
● Access roads, and site access have to be able to carry the weight of
the truck and load concrete is approx 2.5 tone.
 TEST ON CONCRETE

COMPRESSIVE TESTING MACHINE

• A compression Testing Machine (CTM) is used to measure the

compressive strength of a material

• The CTM machine is used in construction industries to test the

quality of concrete.

•
Raw material testing machine

Trial mixer
 SLUMP TEST

Conclusion
● Ready mix concrete is a modern technique of production of concrete
in massive quantities away from the actual site of placing.
● It is very useful where demand of concrete is very high and
construction sites are in congested areas, where mixing on site is not
possible due to lake of storage place.
● RMC is ready to use material. It is widely adopted throughout the
world.
● It gives higher strength to the structure and it also provides higher
Durability to the structure.
● It is suitable for huge industrial and residential projects where time
plays a vital role.