Problem Statement: Design and Develop SQL DDL statements which demonstrate the use of SQL objects

such as Table, View, Index, Sequence, Synonym

CREATE TABLE:
CREATE TABLE PLATFORM(
PNO INT PRIMARY KEY,
ARR DECIMAL(4,2),
DEPART DECIMAL(4,2)
);

CREATE TABLE PASSENGER(

NO NUMBER(2),
NAME VARCHAR2(10),
GENDER VARCHAR2(6),
AGE NUMBER(3),
MOBILE_NO NUMBER(10),
AADHAR_NO VARCHAR2(12) PRIMARY KEY
);

CREATE TABLE TRAIN(

TNO NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY,
T_NAME VARCHAR2(20),
ARR DECIMAL(4,2),
DEPART DECIMAL(4,2),
PNO NUMBER(3), FOREIGN KEY(PNO) REFERENCES PLATFORM(PNO)
);
CREATE TABLE RESERVATION
(
PNR NUMBER(10) PRIMARY KEY,
AADHAR VARCHAR2(12), FOREIGN KEY(AADHAR) REFERENCES PASSENGER(AADHAR_NO),
TNO NUMBER(5), FOREIGN KEY(TNO) REFERENCES TRAIN(TNO),
DT DATE,
P_FROM VARCHAR2(10),
P_TO VARCHAR2(10),
R_STATUS VARCHAR2(10),
R_CLASS VARCHAR2(10)
);

ALTERING TABLE:
ALTER TABLE PASSENGER ADD ADDRESSS VARCHAR2(10);
DROP TABLE:
DROP TABLE RESERVATION;

CREATE VIEW:
CREATE VIEW TICKET_2 AS SELECT RESERVATION.PNR, PASSENGER.NAME,RESERVATION. DT
,RESERVATION.TNO ,RESERVATION.P_FROM ,RESERVATION.P_TO FROM RESERVATION,PASSENGER
WHERE RESERVATION.AADHAR=PASSENGER.AADHAR_NO;

SELECT *FROM TICKET_2 ORDER BY PNR;

CREATE SEQUENCE:
CREATE SEQUENCE SEQUENCE_2
START WITH 1
INCREMENT BY 1
MINVALUE 0
MAXVALUE 50;

DESC SEQUENCE_2;

CREATE INDEX:
CREATE INDEX IDX_RESERVATION ON RESERVATION(DT);
CREATE INDEX IDX_PASSENGER ON PASSENGER(NO);
CREATE INDEX IDX_TRAIN ON TRAIN(PNO);

DROP INDEX:
DROP INDEX IDX_PASSENGER ;
Problem Statement: Design at least 10 SQL queries for suitable database application using SQL DML
statements: Insert, Select, Update, Delete with operators, functions and set operator.

INSERT DATA INTO TABLE:

BEGIN
INSERT INTO TRAIN VALUES
(12331,'LATUR CSTM','19.00','19.30',4);
INSERT INTO TRAIN VALUES
(13907,'INDRAYANI EXPRESS','19.20','20.20',6);
INSERT INTO TRAIN VALUES
(10345,'SC PBR SPECIAL','20.30','20.50',8);
INSERT INTO TRAIN VALUES
(23410,'BSB CSTM SPECIAL','21.15','21.30',3);
INSERT INTO TRAIN VALUES
(12232,'PUNE TPJ SPECIAL','21.30','21.56',2);
INSERT INTO TRAIN VALUES
(80876,'YPR JP EXPRESS','22.45','23.15',5);
INSERT INTO TRAIN VALUES
(22578,'KOP LTT SPECIAL','01.00','01.30',10);
INSERT INTO TRAIN VALUES
(30076,'PUNE TPL SPECIAL','2.00','2.30',8);
END;
/

UPDATAE TABLE:
UPDATAE TRAIN
SET PNO=4
WHERE TNO=30076;
DELETE DATA FROM TABLE:
DELETE FROM TRAIN
WHERE TNO=30076;

FUNCTION:
COUNT:
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM TRAIN

SUM
SELECT SUM(PNO) FROM TRAIN

MIN
SELECT MIN(PNO) FROM TRAIN

MAX
SELECT MAX(PNO) FROM TRAIN

SET OPERATION:
TABLE1: TABLE2:

UNION:
SELECT *FROM TABLE1 UNION SELECT *FROM TABLE2;

UNION ALL:
SELECT *FROM TABLE1 UNION ALL SELECT *FROM TABLE2;

INTERSECT:
SELECT *FROM TABLE1 INTERSECT SELECT *FROM TABLE2;

MINUS :
SELECT *FROM TABLE1 MINUS SELECT *FROM TABLE2;
Problem Statement: SQL Queries – all types of Join, Sub-Query and View: Write at least10 SQL queries
for suitable database application using SQL DML statements.

INNER JOIN
SELECT TABLE1.ID, TABLE1.NAME, TABLE2.ID, TABLE2.NAME
FROM TABLE1
INNER JOIN TABLE2 ON TABLE1.ID = TABLE2.ID;

RIGHT OUTER JOIN

SELECT TABLE1.ID, TABLE1.NAME,TABLE2.ID, TABLE2.NAME
FROM TABLE1
RIGHT OUTER JOIN TABLE2 ON TABLE1.ID = TABLE2.ID;

LEFT OUTER JOIN

SELECT TABLE1.ID, TABLE1.NAME, TABLE2.ID, TABLE2.NAME
FROM TABLE1
LEFT OUTER JOIN TABLE2 ON TABLE1.ID = TABLE2.ID;

FULL OUTER JOIN

SELECT TABLE1.ID, TABLE1.NAME, TABLE2.ID, TABLE2.NAME
FROM TABLE1
FULL OUTER JOIN TABLE2 ON TABLE1.ID = TABLE2.ID;
CROSS JOIN
SELECT * FROM TABLE1 CROSS JOIN TABLE2;

View:
Create A Sql View:

CREATE VIEW SIMPLEVIEW AS

SELECT NAME

FROM TABLE1

WHERE ID< 3;

SELECT * FROM SIMPLEVIEW;

Update An Sql View

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW SIMPLEVIEW AS

SELECT NAME

FROM TABLE1

WHERE ID > 2;

SELECT * FROM SIMPLEVIEW;

Insert New Record In The View

INSERT INTO SIMPLEVIEW(NAME) VALUES ('AISHU');

Delete The Existing Row From The View

DELETE FROM SIMPLEVIEW WHERE NAME='ROHIT';

Drop A View

DROP VIEW SIMPLEVIEW ;

Problem Statement: Unnamed PL/SQL code block: Use of Control structure and Exception handling is
mandatory. Write a PL/SQLblock of code for the following requirements:- Schema: 1.
Borrower(Roll,Name,DateofIssue, NameofBook, Status 2. Fine (Roll, Date, Amt) Accept Roll & Name of
book from user. Check the number of days (from date of issue), if days are between 15 to 30 then fine amounts
will be Rs 5/ day. If no. of days>30, per day fine will be Rs 50 per day & for days less than 30, Rs. 5 per day.
After submitting the book, status will change from I to R. If condition of fine is true, then details will be stored
into fine table.

create table Borrower(

Roll_no number not null,
Name varchar2(20) not null,
DateofIssue date,
NameofBook varchar2(20),
Status varchar2(2)
);

insert into Borrower values (1,'Aishwarya', TO_DATE('08/09/2002','dd-mm-yyyy'),'CN','A');

insert into Borrower values (2,'Priyanka', TO_DATE('20/09/2002','dd/mm/yyyy'),'DBMS','A');
insert into Borrower values (3,'Madhav', TO_DATE('25/10/2002','dd/mm/yyyy'),'TOC','A');
insert into Borrower values (5,'Shruti', TO_DATE('27/10/2002','dd/mm/yyyy'),'SPOS','A');
insert into Borrower values (1,'Aishwarya', TO_DATE('03/10/2002','dd/mm/yyyy'),'TOC','A');
insert into Borrower values (4,'Shree', TO_DATE('25/09/2020','dd/mm/yyyy'),'DBMS','I');

select * from Borrower;

CREATE TABLE Fine(

Roll_no NUMBER,
Date_Return DATE,
Amt NUMBER
);
Procedure Finer:
create or replace procedure finer(r in number, book_name in varchar2) as
days number;
begin
select trunc(sysdate - DateofIssue) into days
from Borrower
where Roll_no = r and NameofBook = book_name;

if days < 15 then

insert into Fine values (r, sysdate, 0);
elsif days >= 15 and days < 30 then
insert into Fine values (r, sysdate, 0);
update Fine set Amt = Amt + (days * 5) where Roll_no = r;
else
days := days - 30;
insert into Fine values (r, sysdate, 0);
update Fine set Amt = Amt + (days * 50) + 75 where Roll_no = r;
end if;

update Borrower set Status = 'R' where Roll_no = r and NameofBook = book_name;
end;
/
Execution:
BEGIN
finer(1, 'CN');
END;
/
select * from Fine;
BEGIN
finer(1, 'TOC');
finer(2, 'DBMS');
END;
/
select * from Fine;
Problem Statement: Write a PL/SQL code block to calculate the area of a circle for a value of radius varying
from 5 to 9. Store the radius and the corresponding values of calculated area in an empty table named areas,
consisting of two columns, radius and area.

CREATE TABLE areas (radius number, area number);

desc areas;

declare
radius_var number;
area_var number;
pi number:= 3.14;
begin
dbms_output.put_line('Area of circle from radius 5 to 9');
for radius_var in 5..9 loop
area_var:=pi*radius_var*radius_var;
dbms_output.put_line(area_var);
insert into areas values(radius_var,area_var);
end loop;
end;
/
select * from areas;
Problem Statement: Named PL/SQL Block: PL/SQL Stored Procedure and Stored Function.

Write a Stored Procedure namely proc_Grade for the categorization of student. If marks scored by students in
examination is <=1500 and marks>=990 then student will be placed in distinction category if marks scored
are between 989 and900 category is first class, if marks 899 and 825 category is Higher Second Class. Write
a PL/SQL block for using procedure created with above requirement. Stud_Marks(name, total_marks)
Result(Roll,Name, Class)

--student marks
create table Stud_Marks(
STUD_NAME varchar2(20),
TOTAL_MARKS number(5)
);

begin
insert into Stud_Marks values ('Aishwarya', 1400);
insert into Stud_Marks values ('Priyanka', 800);
insert into Stud_Marks values ('Madhav', 830);
insert into Stud_Marks values ('Shruti', 900);
insert into Stud_Marks values ('Pritam', 990);
insert into Stud_Marks values ('Ram', 300);
end;
/

-- Result table
create table Result(
STUD_NAME varchar2(20),
ROLL_NO number(5),
CLASS varchar2(20)
);
create or replace PROCEDURE PROC_GRADE1 AS
BEGIN
FOR i IN (SELECT * FROM Stud_Marks)
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Student Name: ' || i.Stud_Name || ' Student Marks: ' || i.Total_Marks);
IF i.Total_Marks <=1500 AND i.Total_Marks >=990 THEN
INSERT INTO Result (STUD_NAME,CLASS) VALUES (i.Stud_Name,'Distinction');
ELSIF i.Total_Marks <=989 AND i.Total_Marks >=900 THEN
INSERT INTO Result (STUD_NAME,CLASS) VALUES (i.Stud_Name,'First Class');
ELSIF i.Total_Marks <=825 AND i.Total_Marks >=899 THEN
INSERT INTO Result (STUD_NAME,CLASS) VALUES (i.Stud_Name,'Higher Second
Class');
END IF;
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
END;

EXEC PROC_GRADE1;

select * from Result;

Problem Statement: Write a PL/SQL block of code using parameterized Cursor, that will merge the data
available in the newly created table Cust_New with the data available in the table Cust_Old. If the data in the
first table already exist in the second table then that data should be skipped.

-- Create the tables

CREATE TABLE Cust_New (ID NUMBER, Name VARCHAR2(10), City VARCHAR2(10), Salary NUMBER);

CREATE TABLE Cust_Old (ID NUMBER, Name VARCHAR2(10), City VARCHAR2(10), Salary NUMBER);

-- Insert data into Cust_New

BEGIN

INSERT INTO Cust_New VALUES (1, 'Ajay', 'Pune', 20000);

INSERT INTO Cust_New VALUES (2, 'Ramesh', 'Pune', 15000);

INSERT INTO Cust_New VALUES (3, 'Umesh', 'Pune', 40000);

INSERT INTO Cust_New VALUES (4, 'Ram', 'Pune', 25000);

END;

select * from Cust_New;

select * from Cust_Old;

-- PL/SQL block to merge data from Cust_New into Cust_Old

DECLARE

v_id NUMBER;

v_name VARCHAR2(10);

v_city VARCHAR2(10);
 v_salary NUMBER;

v_exists NUMBER;

CURSOR c_new_customers IS

SELECT ID, Name, City, Salary

FROM Cust_New;

BEGIN

FOR cust_rec IN c_new_customers LOOP

-- Check if the data already exists in Cust_Old

SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_exists

FROM Cust_Old

WHERE ID = cust_rec.ID

AND Name = cust_rec.Name

AND City = cust_rec.City

AND Salary = cust_rec.Salary;

-- If it doesn't exist, insert into Cust_Old

IF v_exists = 0 THEN

INSERT INTO Cust_Old (ID, Name, City, Salary)

VALUES (cust_rec.ID, cust_rec.Name, cust_rec.City, cust_rec.Salary);

END IF;

END LOOP;

END;

/
select * from Cust_Old;
Problem Statement: Database Trigger (All Types: Row level and Statement level triggers, Before and After
Triggers). Write a database trigger on Library table. The System should keep track of the records that are
being updated or deleted. The old value of updated or deleted records should be added in Library_Audit table.

-- Create the Library table

CREATE TABLE Library (
id NUMBER,
name VARCHAR2(10),
dept_no NUMBER
);

-- Insert values in table

begin
insert into Library values(1,'Aashi',1);
insert into Library values(2,'Nitin',15);
insert into Library values(3,'Nishi',8);
insert into Library values(4,'Aditi',7);
insert into Library values(5,'Roshni',1);
end;
/

select *from Library;

-- Create the Library_Audit table

CREATE TABLE Library_Audit (
operation VARCHAR2(10),
old_id NUMBER,
old_name VARCHAR2(10),
old_dept_no NUMBER
);
-- Create an AFTER DELETE trigger to log deleted records
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER library_delete_trigger
AFTER DELETE ON Library
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Library_Audit (operation, old_id, old_name, old_dept_no)
VALUES ('Delete', :old.id, :old.name, :old.dept_no);
END;
/

-- Create an AFTER UPDATE trigger to log updated records

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER library_update_trigger
AFTER UPDATE ON Library
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Library_Audit (operation, old_id, old_name, old_dept_no)
VALUES ('Update', :old.id, :old.name, :old.dept_no);
END;
/

Update Library set name='Aishu' where dept_no=7;

select *from Library_Audit;

delete from Library where id=3;

select *from Library_Audit;
select *from Library;
Problem Statement: Database Connectivity: Write a program to implement MySQL/Oracle database
connectivity with any front end language to implement Database navigation operations (add, delete, edit etc.)

JDBC Statement:

Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
//step2 create the connection object
import java.util.*;
con=DriverManager.getConnection(
import java.io.*;

"jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","
public class JDBCPreparedStatementDemo password");

{
static Connection con; //step3 create the statement object

static ResultSet rs; pstmt=con.prepareStatement(selQuery1);

static PreparedStatement pstmt, pstmt1, pstmt1=con.prepareStatement(selQuery2);

pstmt2,pstmt3,pstmt4; pstmt2=con.prepareStatement(selQuery3);
static Scanner sc= new Scanner(System.in); pstmt3=con.prepareStatement(selQuery4);
pstmt4=con.prepareStatement(selQuery5);
public static void main(String args[])
{ do
JDBCPreparedStatementDemo obj = new {
JDBCPreparedStatementDemo();
System.out.println("\nWhich operation you
//Creating a scanner object want to do?");
String selQuery1="select * from customer"; System.out.println("1. Display a table");
String selQuery2="insert into customer System.out.println("2. Insert a record");
values(?,?,?)";
System.out.println("3. Delete a record");
String selQuery3="update customer set Name=?
where id=?"; System.out.println("4. Update a record");
String selQuery4="delete from customer where System.out.println("5. Search a record");
id=?";
System.out.println("\nEnter your Choice: ");
String selQuery5="select * from customer where
id=?"; ch = sc.nextInt();

int ch=1, op; sc.nextLine();

try switch(ch){

{
//step1 load the driver class case 1:
 obj.display(); public void display() throws SQLException
break; {

case 2: rs=pstmt.executeQuery();
obj.insert(); System.out.println("\nID\tName\tAmount");
break;
while(rs.next())
case 3: {
obj.delete(); System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+"
"+rs.getString(2)+" "+rs.getInt(3));
break;
}
} //End of display() method
case 4:
obj.update();
public void insert() throws SQLException
break;
{

case 5:
int id, amount;
obj.search();
String name;
break;
System.out.println("Enter a id: ");
id = sc.nextInt();
} //End of switch
sc.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter a Name: ");
}while(ch<5);
name=sc.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter a amount: ");
//step5 close the connection object
amount = sc.nextInt();
con.close();

pstmt1.setInt(1,id);
} //End of try block
pstmt1.setString(2,name);
pstmt1.setInt(3,amount);
catch(Exception e)
pstmt1.executeUpdate();
{
System.out.println(e);
System.out.println("Successfully insert a id
} "+id);
} //End of display() method
} //End of main method

public void update() throws SQLException

 {
int id; } //End of display() method
String name;
System.out.println("Enter a id: "); public void search() throws SQLException
id = sc.nextInt(); {
sc.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter a Name: "); int id;
name=sc.nextLine(); System.out.println("Enter a id: ");
id = sc.nextInt();
pstmt2.setString(1,name); sc.nextLine();
pstmt2.setInt(2,id); pstmt3.setInt(1,id);
pstmt2.executeUpdate(); rs=pstmt.executeQuery();
System.out.println("ID\tName\tAmount");
System.out.println("Successfully update a
name of id "+id);
if(rs.next()==true)
} //End of display() method
{
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+"
public void delete() throws SQLException "+rs.getString(2)+" "+rs.getInt(3));
{ }
int id; else
System.out.println("Enter a id: "); {
id = sc.nextInt(); System.out.println("Invalid ID");
sc.nextLine(); }
pstmt3.setInt(1,id); } //End of display() method
pstmt3.executeUpdate();

System.out.println("Successfully delted id }
"+id);