Q1.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) can be caused by many factors.

The table below shows data related to CHD for five countries.

Number of Amount of
deaths from Percentage of Percentage of fruit and
CHD the population the population vegetables
Country
per 100 000 who smoke who drink eaten in kg per
population per tobacco alcohol heavily person per
year year

A 285 36 19 180

B 251 63 34 404

C 186 47 36 251

D 149 23 34 218

E 128 27 12 222

(a) Name one risk factor for CHD that is not shown in the table above.

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(1)

(b) A student concludes that the main cause of CHD is not eating enough fruit and
vegetables.

Give three reasons why the student’s conclusion is not correct.

Use information from the table above.

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(3)

(c) Explain how the build-up of fatty material can damage the heart.

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 ___________________________________________________________________

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(4)

(d) Describe how statins can help to reduce deaths from CHD.

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(2)
(Total 10 marks)

Q2.
LDL is one form of cholesterol found in the blood.

People with a high concentration of LDL in their blood may be treated with drugs called
statins.

A high concentration of LDL cholesterol in the blood may result in an increased risk of
heart and circulatory diseases.

The graph shows the effects of the treatment of one person with four different statins,
A, B, C and D, over a period of 8 years. The arrows show when each new treatment was
started.

Each treatment was continued until the next treatment was started.

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 Year

Compare the effectiveness of the five treatments in reducing the risk of heart and
circulatory diseases for this person.

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(Total 4 marks)

Q3.
The diagram shows the human circulation system.

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 (a) (i) Give the letter of one blood vessel that is an artery.

(1)

(ii) Give the letter of one blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood.

(1)

(b) During exercise, the heart rate increases.

Explain, as fully as you can, why this increase is necessary.

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(4)
(Total 6 marks)

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Mark schemes

Q1.
(a) (lack of) exercise
allow description of type or amount of exercise
1
allow other risk factors not mentioned in table, eg high
cholesterol levels, blood pressure, levels of obesity, diabetes

(b) the second highest death rate has the highest fruit and vegetable consumption

the lowest death rates don’t have high fruit and vegetable consumption

lowest death rates have a low percentage of the population that smokes.
3

(c) (it builds up) inside the coronary arteries

1

(causing) them to narrow

1

(this) reduces blood flow

1

so less oxygen gets to the heart muscle

1

(d) (statins) reduce cholesterol in the blood

1

so there is less build up of fatty material (in coronary arteries)

allow slows the rate of fat deposit
1
[10]

Q2.
A + B most effective (treatment)
ignore descriptions of LDL levels
1

D is (the most) effective (treatment)

D is the best single (treatment)
1

neither A nor B (alone) are effective

allow increase risk of heart disease instead of not effective
1

can’t tell if C is effective

OR
A + C is not effective
1
[4]

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Q3.
(a) (i) B or D
1

(ii) A or B
1

(b) any four from:

more / faster must be implied at least once for full marks

• increased blood (flow)

ignore reference to breathing

• (more) oxygen supplied or aerobic respiration

allow less anaerobic (respiration) or and prevents oxygen
debt

• (more) glucose / sugar / food supplied

ignore feeding

• (higher rate of) respiration

• (more) energy needed / released

allow made

• (more) carbon dioxide removed

• (muscles) doing (more) work or muscles contracting

• remove heat / cooling

• remove lactic acid or less lactic acid formed

4
[6]

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