DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology- Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012

A SEMINAR REPORT ON

GOOGLE CHROME
BY Anurag Khatana

Submitted in partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Technology

PREFACE

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012

The practical aspect seminar in degree course is to correlate the theory with the practical aspect and to make students familiar with practical difficulties, which arise during working on the field so that they can face challenges boldly while actually working in the field. The field of information technology has become so vast that it is different to know its boundaries. Usually unskilled persons are engaged in this field thus it is important and necessary to have persons with technical knowledge, so that the work can be performed with proper perfection, as it is my first experience to write such a report.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Seminar entitled GOOGLE CHROME has been carried out by ANURAG KHATANA under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Information Technology of Rajasthan Technical University, Kota during the academic year 2011-2012. To the best of my knowledge and belief this work has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any other degree.

Guide
Mr. Gaurav Jain

Examiner
Mr. Gaurav Jain

Head of the Department

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my sincere thanks to Mr. Gaurav Jain, Associate Professor, Information Technology of Regional College For Education Research and Technology, for extending their invaluable guidance, support for literature, critical reviews and report preparation. I am indebted to Mr. Bhuwan Chandra, Head of Information Technology Department for his unconditional guidance and timely support in the preparation of this report, guiding me right from the inception till the successful completion of the Seminar. I pay my thanks to all others who have been related to this work directly or indirectly.

(Signature of Student)

Anurag Khatana

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012

INDEX
S. No. 1 2 Title INTRODUCTION Pg No. 1

Googles Strategy and Chrome versioning 2.1 Eye-catchers:

a) Integrated Instant Google search b) HTML5 updates c) GPU acceleration

Firefox 4 and its Never Ending Delay 3.1 Eye-catchers:

a) Chromicised and more browsing space. b) Faster than old versions c) Tab Candy feature

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Features Security Speed Stability User interface Conclusion Reference

6 6

8 9 10 13 15

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012

INTRODUCTION
In 1990 Netscape lost its dominance in browser market due to Microsoft Internet Explorer.Netscapes important project Mozilla also lost its importance in the market but on 9th November Firefox 1 emerged to rock again in the browser market.The project which was named originally as phoenix which symbolized rebirth from the ashes of netscape hold a position quarter to that is used in todays scenario.It was an open source release and netscape announced it as the open source was an open challenge for the Microsoft web browser.This important step planted the seeds of a revolution in the web browser history.This open source strategy of netscape led to an important turnover of the situation that previled earlier in the life netscape.firefox came with several feature s that attracted the general public a lot, which includes speed ,tabbed interface,ability to accept add on coustomizations and pop up ad blocking. Due to this features it was obsereved that when it was launched it was downloaded 10 million time during the first work was performed by the programmers on this web browser.It was this effort that led to emergence of firefox 2 in October 2006. Google given a helping hand to the firefox by financing it $75 million. The software now contained google search engine and a separate search box on the right side for any querries for the site.Moreover google also provided it with the code for spell checking and network stack software. Howsoever google enthusiasm for firefox didnot ended and it demanded more. This led to emergence of chrome. Google chrome a powerful web browser developed by google itself have led to an important challenge to others like Mozilla .It uses the WebKIt layout engine and application framework.It was released by microsoft for the first time in the form of beta vision for Microsoft Windows on 2nd september 2008 and it was available to public on 11 december 2008.Its name is derived from an interface of graphics which is called graphical user interface chrome.Till August 2010 it was

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012 declared to be the third most important browser that are used widely and on the basis of percentage it can be classified to 7.54% according to the data analysed by Net Applications. Google's enthusiasm for Firefox, it evidently wanted more. In September 2008, it released its first beta of the Chrome Web browser. It employed some of Firefox's values--performance, security, open source. But it also brought some Google-y values: a fast foundation for Web applications and a rapid release cycle. Suddenly, a major Web-focused company with a lot of spare money was also trying to free the world from the 2001-era Internet Explorer 6. "It was a little disruptive," Shaver said, mostly in that Mozilla had to answer numerous questions about how Chrome would affect its future. But engineering has been affected, too. Since the arrival of Chrome, Mozilla has put a new focus on Firefox performance, has moved to a faster release cycle, and is working to minimize the area of browser to make more room for Web content. Ahead is an aggressive roadmap for Firefox 3.6, 3.7, and 4.0. And it's trying to shake off the "bloatware" label some attach to Firefox. Mostly the relationship appears genial, and indeed Chrome and Firefox developers are allied in the effort to improve the HTML underpinnings of the Web.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012 "Google gets the Web on another level than Microsoft does. It's another level of competition there," Shaver said. "But I don't think it's a Chrome goal to be harming Firefox. They wanted their own channel to control." Overall, though, Shaver believes Firefox's position is strong. He cites as evidence the continuing growth rate--an estimated 160 million users of Firefox 3.0 exploding to about twice that now with the current Firefox 3.5. "Pretty much all our distribution comes from people going to our Web site and downloading it. There's an act of volition there we really cherish," Shaver said. "There might be 350 million users. At that scale, there's a real mainstream reach. We're affecting the lives of people who don't think about their software. And the growth doesn't show any signs of growth of slowing down."

As we wake up on a brand new day, we can always hope to see something new in the web world too. One such day was when I woke up to the newest technology called HTML5. And here I am to give you some insight about the new born child in the world of web. As we all know HTML5 is the latest version of HTML / XHTML and in the wake of its existence all the outdated web browsers that couldnt support it are now forced to update themselves to fit into its new standards. Mozilla and Google were the two amongst the first browsers to do that, duly followed by Opera, IE and Safari. Google was the first one though to release one that supported quite a few (not all though) tags of HTML5.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012 While IE has been lagging behind in the race to impress its users, Google and Firefox are way ahead and the war has already begun to clinch the pole position. Now that the race has begun, Chrome seems to have gained lot of ground when compared to Firefox. When Firefox was way ahead after releasing its Firefox4, Chrome was in its build stage with Chrome4, but now though the tables have turned and Chrome is already on its way to release the stable version of Chrome 7, whereas Firefox4 is still way behind in testing its Beta 6. Below research should help in giving you some idea where the browsers stand at this point.

Googles Strategy and Chrome versioning

The hot news thats doing the rounds in web circle is that Google has adopted a new strategy with Chrome Browser, which means we will now be seeing a new face of it once in six weeks. Now having said that, does that mean we are going to be seeing Chrome 9 by the end of this year? The answer is Hell , ya. As I said before, Chrome 7 beta is on live and Chrome 8 is available as latest build. Wait there, they arent done yet, Chrome 9 build has already started and we are expecting Chrome 8 beta to be out this week. Anthony Laforge, Technical Program Manager from Mountain View had recently said, Were 41 days away from the branch point for mstone:9 and we have 1236 open bugs, at the time of this note. Given our open and close rates we will

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012 need to punt approximately 956 bugs in order to be ready for 9.0 which as a rule of thumb mean 4 out of every 5 bugs we have needs to be moved out.

Eye-catchers: 1. Integrated Instant Google search 2. HTML5 updates 3. GPU acceleration And going by what Anthony had said it seems like Chrome 9 will take more days and may go live only by end of 2010 or early 2011. (That isnt too lateis it? J)

Firefox 4 and its Never Ending Delay!

One side we see Google Chromium team is fully pumped up and going smoothly with their strategy whereas on the other side Firefox team is working really slowly towards Firefox 4 release . How much so? Well, they are lagging by over a month now (and still counting). According to the official schedule Mozilla should have shipped the seventh revision of Beta on September 17th, then Beta 8 on October 1st, and have the first Release Candidate (RC) by October 15th. Obviously, October 15th has come and gone but theres no Firefox 4.0 RC to speak of. There are also quite hefty volumes of work still to be done For Firefox 4.0. Just 10 days ago, Mozilla noted that it still had to resolve 17 blockers just to launch Beta 7, and over 510 blockers to get from Beta to RC. In total Mozilla needs to

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012 resolve some 901 blockers in order to wrap up Firefox 4.0 and have it delivered to end users.

Eye-catchers: 1. Chromicised and more browsing space. 2. Faster than old versions 3. Tab Candy feature What else to say? Firefox is well behind its schedule and Firefox 4.0 will be out by end of 2010 or early 2011.

Hot on the plates,

Chrome beats other browsers in HTML5 test! Firefox scored less in its own Kraken JavaScript benchmark Chrome 8 beta and Firefox 4 Beta 7 are releasing this week.

Features Google Chrome aims to improve security, speed, and stability. There are extensive differences from its peers in Chrome's minimalistic user interface, which is atypical of modern web browsers.[42] For example, Chrome does not render RSS feeds. Chrome's strength is its application performance and JavaScript processing speed, both of which were independently verified by multiple websites to be the swiftest among the major browsers of its time.[44][45] Many of Chrome's unique features had been previously announced by other browser developers, but Google was the first to implement and publicly release them. For example, its most prominent graphical user interface (GUI) innovation, the merging of the address bar and search bar (the Omnibox) was first announced by Mozilla in May 2008 as a planned feature for Firefox. Security Chrome periodically downloads updates of two blacklists (one for phishing and one for malware), and warns users when they attempt to visit a harmful site.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012 This service is also made available for use by others via a free public API called "Google Safe Browsing API". Google notifies the owners of listed sites who may not be aware of the presence of the harmful software. Chrome will typically allocate each tab to fit into its own process to "prevent malware from installing itself" and prevent what happens in one tab from affecting what happens in another, however, the actual process-allocation model is more complex. Following the principle of least privilege, each process is stripped of its rights and can compute, but cannot write files or read from sensitive areas (e.g. documents, desktop)this is similar to the "Protected Mode" used by Internet Explorer on Windows Vista and Windows 7. The Sandbox Team is said to have "taken this existing process boundary and made it into a jail"; for example, malicious software running in one tab is supposed to be unable to sniff credit card numbers entered in another tab, interact with mouse inputs, or tell Windows to "run an executable on start-up" and it will be terminated when the tab is closed. This enforces a simple computer security model whereby there are two levels of multilevel security (user and sandbox) and the sandbox can only respond to communication requests initiated by the user. Typically, plugins such as Adobe Flash Player are not standardized and as such, cannot be sandboxed as tabs can be. These often need to run at, or above, the security level of the browser itself. To reduce exposure to attack, plugins are run in separate processes that communicate with the renderer, itself operating at "very low privileges" in dedicated per-tab processes. Plugins will need to be modified to operate within this software architecture while following the principle of least privilege. Chrome supports the Netscape Plugin Application Programming Interface (NPAPI), but does not support the embedding of ActiveX controls.[On 30 March 2010 Google announced that the latest development version of Chrome will include Adobe Flash as an integral part of the browser, eliminating the need to download and install it separately. Flash will be kept up to date as part of Chrome's own updates. Java applet support is available in Chrome with Java 6 update 12 and above. Support for Java under Mac OS X was provided by a Java Update released on May 18, 2010. A private browsing feature called Incognito mode is provided that prevents the browser from storing any history information or cookies from the websites visited. Chrome warns on the new tab page that "this feature does not make your actions on the internet invisible", however, and the browser advises the user to be wary of:

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012

Websites that collect or share information about you Internet service providers or employers that track the pages you visit Malicious software that tracks your keystrokes in exchange for free smileys Surveillance by secret agents People standing behind you

Incognito mode is similar to the private browsing feature introduced with Apple's Safari, Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Opera 10.5, and Internet Explorer 8.

Speed
The JavaScript virtual machine used by Chrome, the V8 JavaScript engine, has features such as dynamic code generation, hidden class transitions, and precise garbage collection. Tests by Google in September 2008 showed that V8 was about twice as fast as Firefox 3.0 and the WebKit nightlies. Several websites performed benchmark tests using the SunSpider JavaScript Benchmark tool as well as Google's own set of computationally intense benchmarks, which include ray tracing and constraint solving. They unanimously reported that Chrome performed much faster than all competitors against which it had been tested, including Safari (for Windows), Firefox 3.0, Internet Explorer 7, Opera, and Internet Explorer 8. On September 3, 2008, Mozilla responded by stating that their own TraceMonkey JavaScript engine (then in beta), was faster than Chrome's V8 engine in some tests. John Resig, Mozilla's JavaScript evangelist, further commented on the performance of different browsers on Google's own suite, finding Chrome "decimating" other browsers, but he questioned whether Google's suite was representative of real programs. He stated that Firefox 3.0 performed poorly on recursion intensive benchmarks, such as those of Google, because the Mozilla team had not implemented recursion-tracing yet. Two weeks after Chrome's launch, the WebKit team announced a new JavaScript engine, SquirrelFish Extreme, citing a 36% speed improvement over Chrome's V8 engine.[ Chrome uses DNS prefetching to speed up website lookups, as do Firefox and Safari. This feature is available in Internet Explorer as an extension, and in Opera as a UserScript.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012

Stability
The Gears team implemented a multi-process architecture in Chrome, similar to Loosely Coupled Internet Explorer (LCIE) implemented by Internet Explorer 8. By default, a separate process is allocated to each site instance and plugin, a procedure referred to as process isolation. This prevents tasks from interfering with each other, increasing security and stability. An attacker successfully gaining access to one application cannot gain access to others, and failure in one instance results in a Sad Tab screen of death, similar to the well-known Sad Mac, except only a single tab crashes instead of the whole application. This strategy exacts a fixed per-process cost up front, but results in less memory bloat overall as fragmentation is confined to each instance and no longer requires further memory allocations.. Safari and Firefox are also adopting this architecture in upcoming versions, meaning that most common browsers will use a multi-process architecture in the near future. Chrome includes a process management utility called Task Manager which allows the user to see what sites and plugins are using the most memory, downloading the most bytes and over-utilizing the CPU" and provides the ability to terminate them.

User interface
Google Chrome's user interface on Mac OS X By default, the main user interface includes back, forward, refresh, bookmark, go, and cancel buttons. The home button can be configured through options to take the user to the New Tab Page or a custom home page. Tabs are the primary component of Chrome's user interface and as such, have been moved to the top of the window rather than below the controls. This subtle change contrasts with many existing tabbed browsers which are based on windows and contain tabs. Tabs (including their state) can be transferred seamlessly between window containers by dragging. Each tab has its own set of controls, including the Omnibox. The Omnibox is the URL box at the top of each tab, which combines the functionality of both the Address bar and search box. If a user enters the URL of

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012 a site previously searched from, Chrome allows pressing Tab to search the site again directly from the Omnibox. When a user starts typing in the Omnibox, Chrome provides suggestions for previously visited sites (based on the URL or in-page text), popular websites (not necessarily visited before - powered by Google Suggest), and popular searches. Although Google Suggest can be turned off, suggestions based on previously visited sites can not be turned off. Chrome will also autocomplete the URLs of sites visited often. If a user types several keywords into the Omnibox and press enter, Chrome will conduct the search using the default search engine. When Google Chrome is not maximized, the tab bar appears directly under the title bar. When maximized, the tabs become flush with the top of the titlebar. Like other browsers, it has a full-screen mode that hides the operating system's interface as well as the browser chrome. One of Chrome's differentiating features is the New Tab Page, which can replace the browser home page and is displayed when a new tab is created. Originally, this showed thumbnails of the nine most visited web sites, along with frequent searches, recent bookmarks, and recently closed tabs; similar to Internet Explorer and Firefox with Google Toolbar 6, or Opera's Speed Dial. In Google Chrome 2.0, the New Tab Page was updated to allow users to hide thumbnails they didn't want to appear. Starting in version 3.0, the New Tab Page was revamped to display thumbnails of the 8 most visited web sites. The thumbnails could be rearranged, pinned, and removed. Alternatively, a list of text links could be displayed instead of thumbnails. It also features a "Recently closed" bar that shows recently closed tabs and a "tips" section that displays hints and tricks for using the browser. Chrome includes a bookmark manager that can be accessed from a menu. Adding the command-line option: --bookmark-menu adds a bookmarks button to the right of the Omnibox that can be used in place of the bookmarks bar. However, this functionality is currently unavailable on the Linux and Mac platforms. Popup windows "are scoped to the tab they came from" and will not appear outside the tab unless the user explicitly drags them out. Google Chrome's options window has three tabs: Basic, Personal Stuff, and Under the Hood. The Basic tab includes options for the home page, search

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012 engine, and default browser. The Personal Stuff tab lets users configure saved passwords, form autofill, browsing data, and themes. The Under the Hood tab allows changing network, privacy, download, and security settings. Chrome does not have a status bar, but displays loading activity and hover-over information via a status bubble that pops up at the bottom left of the relevant page. For web developers, Chrome features an element inspector similar to the one in Firebug. As part of Google's April Fools' Day jokes, a special build of Chrome was released on 1 April 2009 with the additional feature of being able to render pages in anaglyph 3D.

The Daily Telegraph's Matthew Moore summarizes the verdict of early reviewers: "Google Chrome is attractive, fast and has some impressive new features, but may notyetbe a threat to its Microsoft rival."

Initially, Microsoft reportedly "played down the threat from Chrome" and "predicted that most people will embrace Internet Explorer 8." Opera Software said that "Chrome will strengthen the Web as the biggest application platform in the world." But by February 25, 2010, BusinessWeek had reported that "For the first time in years, energy and resources are being poured into browsers, the ubiquitous programs for accessing content on the Web. Credit for this trenda boon to consumersgoes to two parties. The first is Google, whose big plans for the Chrome browser have shaken Microsoft out of its competitive torpor and forced the software giant to pay fresh attention to its own browser, Internet Explorer. Microsoft all but ceased efforts to enhance IE after it triumphed in the last browser war, sending Netscape to its doom. Now it's back in gear." Mozilla said that Chrome's introduction into the web browser market comes as "no real surprise", that "Chrome is not aimed at competing with Firefox", and furthermore that it should not affect Google's revenue relationship with Mozilla. Chrome's design bridges the gap between desktop and so-called "cloud computing." At the touch of a button, Chrome lets you make a desktop, Start

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012 menu, or Quick Launch shortcut to any Web page or Web application, blurring the line between what's online and what's inside your PC. For example, I created a desktop shortcut for Google Maps. When you create a shortcut for a Web application, Chrome strips away all of the toolbars and tabs from the window, leaving you with something that feels much more like a desktop application than like a Web application or page. On 9 September 2008, when Chrome was still in beta, the German Federal Office for Information Security (BSI) issued a statement about their first examination of Chrome, expressing a concern over the prominent download links on Google's German web page, because "beta versions should not be employed for general use applications" and browser manufacturers should provide appropriate instructions regarding the use of pre-released software. They did, however, praise the browser's technical contribution to improving security on the web. Concern about Chromes optional usage collection and tracking has been noted in several publications. On 2 September 2008, a CNET news item drew attention to a passage in the terms of service for the initial beta release, which seemed to grant to Google a license to all content transferred via the Chrome browser. The passage in question was inherited from the general Google terms of service. On the same day, Google responded to this criticism by stating that the language used was borrowed from other products, and removed the passage in question from the Terms of Service. Google noted that this change would "apply retroactively to all users who have downloaded Google Chrome." There was subsequent concern and confusion about whether and what information the program communicates back to Google. The company stated that usage metrics are only sent when users opt in by checking the option "help make Google Chrome better by automatically sending usage statistics and crash reports to Google" when the browser is installed. The optional suggestion service included in Google Chrome has been criticized because it provides the information typed into the Omnibox to Google before the user even hits return. This allows Google to provide URL suggestions, but also provides Google with web usage information tied to an IP address. The feature can be selected off in the options-under the hood-privacy box.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012

CONCLUSION
Having said that all, the big question that still stands unanswered is, who will win this war? (I can hear someone saying its Chrome, well not yet, its a crazy world out there and anything can happen over a cup of coffee). But there is no answer for this. All browsers are unique in their own way. But with the release of Firefox 4 and Chrome 9 already, users are in a dilemma on which one to make as their default browser.

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012

REFERENCES
1. 2. 3.

www.google.com www.wikipedia.com www.crazyengineers.com

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Regional College For Education Research and Technology-Jaipur Seminar Session- 2011 - 2012

REMARKS
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