TECHNOLOGY TRENDS IN IT

UNIT 3: Prepared By:-

Prof. Bhavisha Parmar
Cloud Computing IT
CONTENT OF UNIT 3
❑ Introduction
❑ Why cloud services are popular
❑ Advantages
❑ Characteristics
❑ Service models
❑ Deployment of cloud
❑ Services
❑ Potential privacy risks
INTRODUCTION OF CLOUD COMPUTING
• Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of IT
resources over the Internet with pay-as-you-go
pricing. Instead of buying, owning, and maintaining
physical data centers and servers, you can access
technology services, such as computing power,
storage, and databases, on an as-needed basis from a
cloud provider like Amazon Web Services (AWS).

• Cloud computing is the delivery of computing

services—including servers, storage, databases,
networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—
over the Internet (“the cloud”) to offer faster
innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale.
INTRODUCTION OF CLOUD COMPUTING
KEY TAKEAWAYS
• Cloud computing is the delivery of different services through the Internet,
including data storage, servers, databases, networking, and software.
• Cloud storage has grown increasingly popular among individuals who
need larger storage space and for businesses seeking an efficient off-site
data back-up solution.
• Cloud-based storage makes it possible to save files to a remote database
and retrieve them on demand.
• Services can be both public and private—public services are provided
online for a fee while private services are hosted on a network to specific
clients.
• Cloud security has become an increasingly important field in IT.
 WHY CLOUD SERVICES ARE POPULAR
• Flexibility and Scalability
o Relying on a technician or hardware update when adding users or functions to your
business software can become both frustrating and time-consuming. With on-
premise software, users are often required to wait for an expert to physically visit
their location for installation and updates. With cloud software, the lack of physical
hardware means updates, user changes, and installations are all taken care of
remotely.

o With cloud computing, we can also easily customize our software based on usage,
storage requirements, or the number of users. In many businesses, the software
needs of each department will differentiate. The ability to make immediate changes
or upgrades with just a few clicks can greatly reduce excessive time and overhead
expenditure in an organization.
 WHY CLOUD SERVICES ARE POPULAR
• Mobility
o With almost half of the world's population owning a smartphone, the ability to
access business applications remotely is invaluable. Mobile devices and apps allow
for continuous collaboration across teams, regardless of location. 2020 will forever
be known as the year of remote work. This year showed us that it has never been
more important for businesses to ensure their employees can access relevant data
and resources from anywhere.

o For those organizations that had already moved mostly to cloud computing, the
transition to remote work was much easier because business data was accessible
through any device with an internet connection. Not to mention that remote work is
opening doors for a better work-life balance for employees.
 WHY CLOUD SERVICES ARE POPULAR
• Cost
o Many might think that the heavy upfront costs associated with switching to cloud technology
aren't worth it. However, it's important to note that the cost benefits of cloud computing extend
far past the introductory price tag. Over time, the software will pay for itself through its
versatility, customization, and scalability.

o IT infrastructure and maintenance has always required a high upfront cost from businesses and,
generally, 'out-of-the-box' software is installed quickly and in bulk. This means receiving a
cookie-cutter solution that is often not tailored to your specific business needs. On the other
hand, the majority of cloud computing services work off a pay-as-you-go model, and cloud
software subscriptions can evolve with your business. Not a fan of a certain application? No
problem. Subscriptions can be reallocated or removed entirely. With trial products and tiered
editions, many users have reaped the benefits of trying out different features, bundles, and
products to get the best bang for their buck.
 WHY CLOUD SERVICES ARE POPULAR
• Reliability

o At one point or another, we have all experienced the trauma of spending hours on a
document, only to lose our hard work because of a system crash. If we rely on one
piece of hardware to hold our data and workload, we risk losing everything if the
hardware malfunctions. With cloud computing, work is often saved in real time as
you go, so you won't be forced to redo hours of work in the event of a system
crash. Not to mention the fact that your work can be accessed from multiple
devices, so there's less to worry about if your desktop or laptop becomes
inoperable.
 WHY CLOUD SERVICES ARE POPULAR
• Collaboration

o This has never been more important in the business world. Cloud-based
applications allow real-time collaboration and can allow for a countless number of
people to work on a file or task simultaneously. Your team will have instant access
to the latest features, integrations, and product improvements from anywhere.
While collaboration is still possible without the cloud, having access to cloud
technology makes it more efficient, especially for businesses with many locations
or teams that are working together across long distances.
 WHY CLOUD SERVICES ARE POPULAR
• Convenience

o Having access to applications from any location not only offers convenience, but it
allows us to manage our workload better. Who wants to be constrained to a
physical piece of hardware when we could be accessing work from the beach, a
peaceful park, or the appointment waiting room you quickly zipped to on your
lunch break? With cloud applications and hosting, you are guaranteed to always
have the latest, updated version of software, and you can do your job from
anywhere you have an internet connection.
ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
1) Back-up and restore data
Once the data is stored in the cloud, it is easier to get back-up and restore that data using
the cloud.
2) Improved collaboration
Cloud applications improve collaboration by allowing groups of people to quickly and
easily share information in the cloud via shared storage.
3) Excellent accessibility
Cloud allows us to quickly and easily access store information anywhere, anytime in the
whole world, using an internet connection. An internet cloud infrastructure increases
organization productivity and efficiency by ensuring that our data is always accessible.
4) Low maintenance cost
Cloud computing reduces both hardware and software maintenance costs for
organizations.
ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
5) Mobility
Cloud computing allows us to easily access all cloud data via mobile.
6) IServices in the pay-per-use model
Cloud computing offers Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to the users for
accessing services on the cloud and pay the charges as per the usage of service.
7) Unlimited storage capacity
Cloud offers us a huge amount of storing capacity for storing our important data such as
documents, images, audio, video, etc. in one place.
8) Data security
Data security is one of the biggest advantages of cloud computing. Cloud offers many
advanced features related to security and ensures that data is securely stored and
handled.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
• On-demand self-services: The Cloud computing services does not require any
human administrators, user themselves are able to provision, monitor and manage
computing resources as needed.
• Broad network access: The Computing services are generally provided over
standard networks and heterogeneous devices.
• Rapid elasticity: The Computing services should have IT resources that are able to
scale out and in quickly and on as needed basis. Whenever the user require services,
it is provided, and it is scaled out as soon as its requirement is over.
• Resource pooling: The IT resource (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications,
and services) present are shared across multiple applications and occupant in an
uncommitted manner. Multiple clients are provided service from a same physical
resource.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
• Measured service: The resource utilization is tracked for each application and
occupant, it will provide both the user and the resource provider with an account of
what has been used. This is done for various reasons like monitoring billing and
effective use of resource.
• Multi-tenancy: Cloud computing providers can support multiple tenants (users or
organizations) on a single set of shared resources.
• Virtualization: Cloud computing providers use virtualization technology to abstract
underlying hardware resources and present them as logical resources to users.
• Resilient computing: Cloud computing services are typically designed with
redundancy and fault tolerance in mind, which ensures high availability and
reliability.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
• Flexible pricing models: Cloud providers offer a variety of pricing models,
including pay-per-use, subscription-based, and spot pricing, allowing users to choose
the option that best suits their needs.
• Security: Cloud providers invest heavily in security measures to protect their users’
data and ensure the privacy of sensitive information.
• Automation: Cloud computing services are often highly automated, allowing users
to deploy and manage resources with minimal manual intervention.
• Sustainability: Cloud providers are increasingly focused on sustainable practices,
such as energy-efficient data centers and the use of renewable energy sources, to
reduce their environmental impact.
CLOUD SERVICE MODELS
There are the following three types of cloud service models -

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
3. Software as a Service (SaaS)
CLOUD SERVICE MODELS
1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
• IaaS is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). It is a computing infrastructure
managed over the internet. The main advantage of using IaaS is that it helps users to
avoid the cost and complexity of purchasing and managing the physical servers.

• There are the following characteristics of IaaS -

o Resources are available as a service
o Services are highly scalable
o Dynamic and flexible
o GUI and API-based access
o Automated administrative tasks

• Example: DigitalOcean, Linode, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure,

Google Compute Engine (GCE), Rackspace, and Cisco Metacloud.
CLOUD SERVICE MODELS
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• PaaS cloud computing platform is created for the programmer to develop, test, run,
and manage the applications.

• There are the following characteristics of PaaS -

o Accessible to various users via the same development application.
o Integrates with web services and databases.
o Builds on virtualization technology, so resources can easily be scaled up or
down as per the organization's need.
o Support multiple languages and frameworks.
o Provides an ability to "Auto-scale".

• Example: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Heroku, Force.com, Google App
Engine, Apache Stratos, Magento Commerce Cloud, and OpenShift.
CLOUD SERVICE MODELS
3. Software as a Service (SaaS)
• SaaS is also known as "on-demand software". It is a software in which the
applications are hosted by a cloud service provider. Users can access these
applications with the help of internet connection and web browser.

• There are the following characteristics of SaaS -

o Managed from a central location
o Hosted on a remote server
o Accessible over the internet
o Users are not responsible for hardware and software updates. Updates are
applied automatically.
o The services are purchased on the pay-as-per-use basis
• Example: BigCommerce, Google Apps, Salesforce, Dropbox, ZenDesk, Cisco WebEx,
ZenDesk, Slack, and GoToMeeting.
 CLOUD SERVICE MODELS
IaaS PaaS SaaS
• It provides a virtual data center to • It provides virtual platforms and • It provides web software and apps
store information and create tools to create, test, and deploy to complete business tasks.
platforms for app development, apps.
testing, and deployment.
• It provides access to resources • It provides runtime • It provides software as a service to
such as virtual machines, virtual environments and deployment the end-users.
storage, etc. tools for applications.
• It is used by network architects. • It is used by developers. • It is used by end users.

• IaaS provides only Infrastructure. • PaaS provides • SaaS provides

Infrastructure+Platform. Infrastructure+Platform
+Software.
CLOUD DEPLOYMENT MODELS
PDF File- “Unit-3 Cloud Deployment Models”
SECURITY RISKS OF CLOUD SECURITY
• Data Loss
Data loss is the most common cloud security risks of cloud computing.
It is also known as data leakage.
Data loss is the process in which data is being deleted, corrupted, and unreadable by a user,
software, or application.
In a cloud computing environment, data loss occurs when our sensitive data is in somebody
else's hands, one or more data elements can not be utilized by the data owner, hard disk is not
working properly, and software is not updated.
SECURITY RISKS OF CLOUD SECURITY
• Hacked Interfaces and Insecure APIs
As we all know, cloud computing completely depends on Internet, so it is compulsory to protect
the interfaces and APIs that are used by external users.
APIs are the easiest way to communicate with most of the cloud services.
In cloud computing, few services are available in the public domain.
These services can be accessed by third parties, so there may be a chance that these services are
easily harmed and hacked by hackers.
SECURITY RISKS OF CLOUD SECURITY
• Data Breach
Data Breach is the process in which the confidential data is viewed, accessed, or stolen by the
third party without any authorization, so organization's data is hacked by the hackers.

• Vendor lock-in
Vendor lock-in is one of the biggest security risks in cloud computing. Organizations may face
problems when transferring their services from one vendor to another.
As different vendors provide different platforms, that can cause difficulty moving one cloud to
another.
SECURITY RISKS OF CLOUD SECURITY
• Increased complexity strains IT staff
Migrating, integrating, and operating the cloud services is complex for the IT staff.
IT staff must require the extra capability and skills to manage, integrate, and maintain the data
to the cloud.

• Denial of Service (DoS) attacks

Denial of service (DoS) attacks occur when the system receives too much traffic to buffer the
server.
Mostly, DoS attackers target web servers of large organizations such as banking sectors, media
companies, and government organizations.
To recover the lost data, DoS attackers charge a great deal of time and money to handle the
data.
SECURITY RISKS OF CLOUD SECURITY
• Account hijacking
Account hijacking is a serious security risk in cloud computing.
It is the process in which individual user's or organization's cloud account (bank account, e-mail
account, and social media account) is stolen by hackers.
The hackers use the stolen account to perform unauthorized activities.