Lecture 5
Lecture 5
Asmaa El-Toony
Chapter 4
Estimation
The estimate is a single computed value, but the estimator is the rule that tell us
how to compute this value, or estimate. For example, 𝑋̅ is an estimator of the
population mean, . The single numerical value that results from evaluating this
formula is called an estimate of the parameter .
Example 1: Let X1, X2, …, Xn be a r.s from the exponential distribution with
pdf
𝑥
1
𝑓(𝑥; 𝜃) = 𝑒 −𝜃 𝑥 >0; 𝜃 >0
𝜃
Find the maximum likelihood estimator of 𝜃.
Solution
𝜕 𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖
(3) 𝑙(𝜃) = − + =0
𝜕𝜃 𝜃 𝜃2
Statistical Methods Dr. Asmaa El-Toony
Example 2: Let X1, X2, …, Xn be a r.s from the Normal distribution with pdf
𝑥−𝜇
1 −
𝑓(𝑥; 𝜇, 𝜎 2 ) = 𝑒 2𝜎2 ; −∞ < 𝜇 < ∞, 𝑥, 𝜎 2 > 0
√2𝜋 𝜎
Find the maximum likelihood estimators of 𝜇, 𝜎 2 .
Solution
𝑛 1
(2) 𝑙(𝜃𝜇, 𝜎 2 ) = ln 𝐿 (𝜃𝜇, 𝜎 2 ) = − ln(2𝜋) − 𝑛 ln 𝜎 − ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 − 𝜇)2
2 2𝜎 2
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝝁:
𝑛
𝜕 1
(3) 𝑙(𝜇, 𝜎 2 ) = 2 ∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝜇) = 0
𝜕𝜇 𝜎
𝑖=1
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝜎 2 :
𝑛
𝜕 𝑛 1
(3) 𝑙(𝜇, 𝜎 2 ) = − + 3 ∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝜇)2 = 0
𝜕𝜎 𝜎 𝜎
𝑖=1
Exercise
(3) Suppose X1, X2, …, Xn be a r.s from a uniform distribution with pdf
1
𝑓(𝑥; 𝜃) = 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜃.
𝜃
Find the maximum likelihood estimator of 𝜃.