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L09NAGUML8_146-163.
qxd 11/1/07 2:02 PM Page 146
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for CHAPTER 9: USING VERBS CORRECTLY pages 232–233
The Principal Parts of Verbs

9a. The four principal parts of a verb are the base form, the present participle, the past, and the
past participle.
BASE FORM PRESENT PARTICIPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE

USAGE
arrive [is] arriving arrived [have] arrived

talk [is] talking talked [have] talked
swim [is] swimming swam [have] swum
EXERCISE In each of the following sentences, identify the form of the underlined verb by writing above it
B for base form, PresP for present participle, P for past, or PastP for past participle.
PresP
Example 1. The dogs are rolling in the grass.
1. Let’s sing another song.
2. He has heard about the failed experiment.
3. Indira left for Africa late Sunday afternoon.
4. The ducks have been paddling around on the surface of the lake.
5. I understood the speech, but I didn’t agree with it.
6. Jonathan had been to England once before.
7. In the morning, the eagle’s eggs hatched.
8. Will you help Gina clean the kitchen, please?
9. The helicopters have landed next to the soccer field.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

10. To save money, I am trying to buy fast food less often.
11. Is it true that she made them leave early?
12. The sun has set already, hasn’t it?

13. Suddenly, the snake slithered quietly away.
14. The Ferris wheel is slowly coming to a halt.
15. Astonished by the crowds, we stood in a doorway and waited.
16. Cynthia, have you ever seen a morning glory open?
17. The goalie leaped into the air and grabbed the ball.
18. I hope the guards let us get close enough to see the queen.
19. After they had swept, they carried out the recycling.
20. I thought you were singing in tonight’s performance, Mikki.
146 ELEMENTS OF LANGUAGE Second Course

L09NAGUML8_146-163.qxd 11/1/07 2:02 PM Page 147
NAME CLASS DATE
for CHAPTER 9: USING VERBS CORRECTLY page 233
Regular Verbs
9b. A regular verb forms its past and past participle by adding –d or –ed to the base form.
EXAMPLE We recently adopted a Chihuahua puppy.
USAGE
EXERCISE On the blank in each of the following sentences, write the correct past or past participle form
of the verb given in parentheses.
collected
Example 1. (collect) How many baseball cards have you ?
1. (talk) When he first to me, I thought he was from Georgia.
2. (suppose) They were to help put up the decorations.
3. (land) The spaceship on the cold surface of the planet.
4. (name) Kelly has a dog that she Soda.
5. (enjoy) Carla has the classes she is taking.
6. (consider) I him my best friend.
7. (close) Have you the front door?
8. (open) The archaeologists carefully the door to the tomb.
9. (please) The jester the court with his antics.
10. (stay) Have you with her before, Susan?
11. (predict) On the news last night, the forecaster snow.
12. (watch) The mother cat has over her kittens carefully.
13. (roar) The lion , and the tiger growled.
14. (cheer) Your funny story her up.
15. (wait) The patients have all here for a while now.
16. (gain) What, after all, have they by being spiteful?
17. (promise) If she has , I know she will keep her word.
18. (walk) The last people to finish the 10K race waved to me as they
across the finish line.
19. (return) I to my seat and buckled my seat belt.
20. (expect) The dogs had to go for a walk.
Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics: Language Skills Practice 147

NAME CLASS DATE
Irregular Verbs A
9c. An irregular verb forms its past and past participle in some other way than by adding –d or –ed
to the base form.
An irregular verb forms its past and past participle in one of these ways: changing consonants,
USAGE
changing vowels, changing consonants and vowels, or making no change at all.

EXAMPLES The ship sank in 1912.
Have you read The Pearl by John Steinbeck?
EXERCISE In each of the following sentences, underline the correct verb form in parentheses.
Example 1. Have you (saw, seen) any of the movies showing now?
1. The strong wind has (blew, blown) the papers about the room.
2. In the morning, the delivery van (come, came) with our new washing machine.
3. The mosquito (bited, bit) my leg twice.
4. Something the puppy had (ate, eaten) made it feel unwell.
5. I have (become, became) sleepy.
6. Have you ever (broken, broke) any bones?
7. We (brought, bringed) some pecans from our yard, Grandma.
8. When was that project (began, begun)?
9. I think the inner tube in my front tire (bursted, burst) when I went over the curb.
10. What have you (buyed, bought), Tony?

11. Have you (cut, cutted) any daisies to put on the dinner table?
12. The boy (chose, choosed) the straighter path.
13. What kind of table have you two (built, build)?
14. I think that lunch (costed, cost) more than Laura thought it would.
15. Daniel or Frank (caught, catched) a baseball that was batted into the bleachers.
16. Julie, has something (fallen, fell) over in there?
17. Roseanne had (drawn, drew) a picture of a mockingbird.
18. We just (drove, drived) to Cassville, Missouri.
19. Have you (drank, drunk) all the milk?
20. Janette (did, done) more than anyone else to make sure they succeeded.

NAME CLASS DATE
Irregular Verbs B
to the base form.
USAGE
EXAMPLES For a snack I ate some grapes.
Has he fed the horses?
EXERCISE In each of the following sentences, underline the correct verb form in parentheses.
Example 1. Have you two (lent, lended) Tom your notes?
1. Have the sisters (forgave, forgiven) each other?
2. The two sides had (fought, foughten) about the terms of the treaty.
3. How many home runs have you (hitted, hit) this season?
4. How many times has that jet (flew, flown) across the Atlantic?
5. I think that Jorge (feeled, felt) bad about the argument.
6. The water in the ice trays has not (frozen, froze) yet.
7. Peter had (went, gone) to church before I arrived.
8. Grandma had (gave, given) Aunt Jean a new vase.
9. After we had dismounted, we (lead, led) the horses to the stream.
10. What kinds of native plants (grown, grew) there?

11. Have you (hurted, hurt) yourself, Amelia?
12. We both (heared, heard) the same rumor.
13. The cat (hid, hidden) under Michelle’s bed and would not come out.
14. The anthropologist (found, finded) several cave dwellings in that area.
15. The mailbox (held, holded) seven catalogs and three bills.
16. I think that the two of them (had, haved) a better time than they thought they would.
17. I have always (keeped, kept) secrets well.
18. William had long (knowed, known) Rabbi Goldstein.
19. They (laid, lay) the quilts on the bed.
20. The two soldiers (got, gotten) ready for the advance.

NAME CLASS DATE
Irregular Verbs C
to the base form.
USAGE

EXAMPLES When was the Great Wall of China built?
Each student has written an essay about an endangered species.
let
Example 1. (let) Yesterday, the O’Daniels their cats go outside.
1. (shake) We had the rugs out.
2. (light) The hostess the candles.
3. (lose) The boys have no time getting comfortable.
4. (ride) The jockey the thoroughbred across the finish line.
5. (meet) The plan has with strong opposition.
6. (pay) I a little more to get tools of better quality.
7. (put) Yesterday, Aunt Elma a blooming rose in a vase on the table.
8. (make) Has he ever grits before?
9. (read) After you have the chapter, answer the review questions.
10. (ring) Have you the bell?

11. (rise) They at dawn to begin harvesting the fruit.
12. (sell) Has he any of the raffle tickets?
13. (say) Uncle Juan that Charley would be late.
14. (run) Have you ever for a position on the student council?
15. (seek) The hawk its prey.
16. (see) You both what happened, didn’t you?
17. (send) She has the package to Baton Rouge.
18. (set) Aunt Shirley the grandfather clock.
19. (lie) I had just down to rest when the doorbell rang.
20. (sing) All of the eighth graders the national anthem.

NAME CLASS DATE
Irregular Verbs D
to the base form.
USAGE
EXAMPLES Who drew this sketch of the White House?
Marcia had hurt her right arm during softball practice.
swung
Example 1. (swing) The engine from a block and tackle.
1. (sink) In a few short hours, the boat had .
2. (sit) Had they already down?
3. (speak) I believe the guests have to the staff about the mishap.
4. (spend) Has he ever a week there before?
5. (spin) We the wheels in the loose sand.
6. (spread) Our cousins the picnic supplies out on the blanket.
7. (stand) Denny on his head and sang a silly song.
8. (steal) The thief had very little of value.
9. (swim) Have you laps here before?
10. (swing) We had across the gully on a sturdy rope.

11. (take) You two have the best seats.
12. (teach) Ms. Lawson Latin for seventeen years.
13. (tear) The paper easily.
14. (tell) The clock time inaccurately.
15. (think) I I would go early.
16. (throw) Has he the first pitch?
17. (wear) It out in less than a year.
18. (win) My mother the door prize.
19. (sink) The lead weights to the bottom.
20. (sit) Seventeen tigers and licked their chops.

NAME CLASS DATE
Irregular Verbs E
to the base form.
USAGE

EXAMPLES We sent the package to you yesterday.
Bradley had bought the bicycle at a rummage sale.
become
Example 1. (become) What had of the treasure map?
1. (begin) Sara had saving for college when she was very young.
2. (burst) The balloon when it hit the ceiling.
3. (choose) I a simple black sweater.
4. (cost) How much time has that mistake us?
5. (drink) We had a lot of water, but we were still thirsty.
6. (eat) The frogs the flies that were buzzing around the pond.
7. (give) Has Uncle Sal you a copy of the family tree?
8. (go) She has to the launchpad.
9. (know) What had you about jellyfish before you took biology?
10. (lie) The German shepherds down to nap in the sun.

11. (lead) Have you them across the desert?
12. (lay) The squirrel a leaf where it had buried the pecan.
13. (lend) I have him money for the pay phone.
14. (ring) The cathedral bells out in the morning.
15. (run) They had a great distance.
16. (see) Two of the deer a wolf at the edge of the clearing.
17. (swing) The monkeys from limb to limb.
18. (wear) The Mullaney children always their seat belts.
19. (be) Last week, Donna and Tressa sure they would be able to run
in the 10K race.
20. (rise) The temperature had since morning.

NAME CLASS DATE
Tense
9d. The tense of a verb indicates the time of the action or state of being expressed by the verb.
PRESENT TENSE I give PRESENT PERFECT TENSE I have given
PAST TENSE I gave PAST PERFECT TENSE I had given
USAGE
FUTURE TENSE I will (shall) give FUTURE PERFECT TENSE I will (shall) have given
The progressive form of each tense expresses continuing action or state of being. It consists of a
form of the verb be plus the present participle of a verb.
EXAMPLE The candidates will be giving their speeches Friday. [future progressive]
EXERCISE Underline the verb in each of the following sentences. Then, above the verb, identify its tense.
Also, indicate if the verb is in the progressive form.
present progressive
Example 1. I am going to the market.
1. The Reigers have moved to San Antonio, Texas.
2. I run three miles every day after school.
3. Today, we will be meeting the President of the United States.
4. We climbed Mount Monadnock.
5. As of next Thursday, you will have been a United States citizen for one year.
6. I have written to my congresswoman about the homeless people in our town.
7. Beatrice had spent the summer with her favorite cousin.
8. Sara Luisa is now living in Lima, Peru.

9. By next Friday, we shall have finished the construction of the set for the new play.
10. By then, the orchestra had already learned the new piece of music.
11. Has the waiter brought your water yet?
12. Nicci will be attending music camp this summer.
13. The author had published her first book at the age of twenty-four.
14. Next year, the wax museum will have been open for two hundred years.
15. I enjoy fresh orange juice every morning.
16. Will the composer be present for the concert?
17. The pilot flew to fifteen cities in three days.
18. We had sent the package by airmail.
19. I have never heard of that film.
20. By the end of the month, I will have been here six months.

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L09NAGUML8_146-163.

qxd 11/1/07 2:02 PM Page 146

NAME CLASS DATE

for CHAPTER 9: USING VERBS CORRECTLY pages 232–233

The Principal Parts of Verbs

BASE FORM PRESENT PARTICIPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE

arrive [is] arriving arrived [have] arrived

1. Let’s sing another song.

2. He has heard about the failed experiment.

3. Indira left for Africa late Sunday afternoon.

5. I understood the speech, but I didn’t agree with it.

6. Jonathan had been to England once before.

7. In the morning, the eagle’s eggs hatched.

8. Will you help Gina clean the kitchen, please?

9. The helicopters have landed next to the soccer field.

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

11. Is it true that she made them leave early?

12. The sun has set already, hasn’t it?

14. The Ferris wheel is slowly coming to a halt.

15. Astonished by the crowds, we stood in a doorway and waited.

16. Cynthia, have you ever seen a morning glory open?

20. I thought you were singing in tonight’s performance, Mikki.

146 ELEMENTS OF LANGUAGE Second Course

NAME CLASS DATE

for CHAPTER 9: USING VERBS CORRECTLY page 233

1. (talk) When he first to me, I thought he was from Georgia.

2. (suppose) They were to help put up the decorations.

3. (land) The spaceship on the cold surface of the planet.

4. (name) Kelly has a dog that she Soda.

5. (enjoy) Carla has the classes she is taking.

6. (consider) I him my best friend.

7. (close) Have you the front door?

8. (open) The archaeologists carefully the door to the tomb.

9. (please) The jester the court with his antics.

10. (stay) Have you with her before, Susan?

11. (predict) On the news last night, the forecaster snow.

13. (roar) The lion , and the tiger growled.

14. (cheer) Your funny story her up.

16. (gain) What, after all, have they by being spiteful?

across the finish line.

19. (return) I to my seat and buckled my seat belt.

20. (expect) The dogs had to go for a walk.

Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics: Language Skills Practice 147

NAME CLASS DATE

for CHAPTER 9: USING VERBS CORRECTLY pages 234–238

changing vowels, changing consonants and vowels, or making no change at all.

3. The mosquito (bited, bit) my leg twice.

4. Something the puppy had (ate, eaten) made it feel unwell.

5. I have (become, became) sleepy.

6. Have you ever (broken, broke) any bones?

7. We (brought, bringed) some pecans from our yard, Grandma.

8. When was that project (began, begun)?

10. What have you (buyed, bought), Tony?

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

12. The boy (chose, choosed) the straighter path.

13. What kind of table have you two (built, build)?

16. Julie, has something (fallen, fell) over in there?

17. Roseanne had (drawn, drew) a picture of a mockingbird.