INTRODUCTION

Rectifier is nothing but a simple diode or group of diodes which converts

the Alternating current(AC) into Direct current (DC).We know that a
diode allows electric current in one direction and blocks electric current
in another direction.We are using this principle to construct various types
of rectifiers.Rectifiers are classified into different types based on the
number of diodes used in the circuit or arrangement of diodes in the
circuit. The basic types of rectifiers are: halfwave rectifier and full wave
rectifier

A halfwave rectifier circuit uses only one diode for the transformation. A
halfwave rectifier is defined as a type of rectifier that allows only one-half
cycle of an AC voltage waveform to pass while blocking the other half
cycle.

A full wave rectifier is a device which is used to rectify all the alternating
current components in an alternating supply and make it purely a direct
current. The two alternating halves of an alternating current are rectified
in a full wave rectifier which is an advantage over a half wave rectifier
EXPERIMENT: 1

MEASURE THE CURRENT USING HALF

WAVE RECTIFIER

AIM:-
To determine the current by measuring
voltage and resistance using half wave
rectifier.

Material required:-

● Diode

● Capacitor(50V)

● Voltmeter

● Resistance box

● Ac supply

● Wires for connection

Theory

A half-wave rectifier converts an AC signal to DC by passing

either the negative or positive half-cycle of the waveform and
blocking the other. Half-wave rectifiers can be easily
constructed using only one diode, but are less efficient than full-
wave rectifiers.

Since diodes only carry current in one direction, they can serve
as a simple half-wave rectifier. Only passing half of an AC
current causes irregularities, so a capacitor is usually used to
smooth out the rectified signal before it can be usable.
Half-wave rectifier circuit with capacitor filter and a single diode.

Procedure:-
i. Take a supply and connect it to switch
ii. Connect the terminal part of the AC to the p part of the diode
using wire.
iii. Now connect the other part of the AC terminal to the
capacitor.
iv. Connect the n-part of the diode to the capacitor.
v. Connect the both ends a capacitor to the resistance box.
vi. Place a connection between voltmeter and resistance box by
joining the terminals of voltmeter.
vii. Now power on the switch and find out the resultant voltage
by changing the resistance box.
viii. Calculate the current by measuring the mean voltage and
resistance using ohm’s law.
Result:-
The average current produced by the half wave rectifier =

Conclusion:-
As conclusion, we can conclude that half-wave can be built. It
can measure and record their output voltages and curves
systematically. Next,the influences of load resistor and
capacitor on DC output voltage is investigated. Half- and full-
wave rectifiers are used to convert AC into DC voltage. This is
the primary function of the rectifier in industrial applications.
EXPERIMENT 2

AIM : TO DETERMINE THE CURRENT

USING HALF WAVE RECTIFIER

MATERIAL REQUIRED
● Connecting wires
● A plug
● Single lead wire – 2m
● 3 nuts & Bolts 2 to 3cm length
● Circuit board
● A Transformer
● A capacitor
● A Resistor (1 K Ω)
● P-N junction diodes
● A LED
● Insulation tape, Blades, soldering wax, soldering lead,
soldering iron and sand paper
WORKING
1st when the A.C. is supplied to the transformer, it steps down
the 230V main supply to 6 volts. It has a capability of delivering
a current of 500mA. The 6 volts A.C. appearing across the
secondary is the RMS value and the peak value is 8.4 volts.
During the 1st half cycle of the A.C. input Diode D1 is forward
biased and a current ‘I’ flows in the circuit in the direction S 1D1
ABEOS1. During this time diode D2 is reverse biased. So, it
does not conduct any electric current. During the next half
cycle, the diodeD2 is forward and D1 is reversed. Hence D2
conducts current in the direction S2D2 ABEOS2and D1 does
not conduct any current. In subsequent half cycles of the A.C
current the above processes are repeated.

In both the half cycles it is clear that current flows through the
resistor in only one direction ABE. Even though the voltage
across RL is unidirectional it will still contain a few A.C
components. This is filtered and made smooth using a
capacitor, which filters 99% of the A.C current. A resistor is
then used to adjust the output voltage. Capacitor also nearly
filters all A.C components from the supply and resistance is
adjusted for the required output. As this is a simple circuit, only
one capacitor and a resistance are being used. But there will be
slight factor of A.C. current still left in the output but it is
negligible. The output Direct Current and voltage light up the
LED.
Graph

APPLICATION
 ● Because of their low cost compared to centre tapped, they
are widely used in power supply circuit.

● This can be used to detect the amplitude of modulated

radio signal.

● Bridge rectifiers can be used to supply polarized voltage in

welding.

● In daily life, rectifier find use in mobile chargers.

● These rectifiers are used in most of the electronic devices

like TV’s, Radios, Chargers, and Lightings etc.

MERITS AND DEMERITS

Merits:

The rectification efficiency of full wave rectifier is double of that

of a half wave rectifier.

The ripple voltage is low and of higher Frequency in case of a

full wave rectifier so simple filtering circuit is required.
Higher output voltage higher output power and higher TUF in
case of a full wave rectifier

In a full wave rectifier, there is no problem due to DC saturation

of the core because the DC currents in the two halves of the
transformer secondary flow in opposite directions

Demerits:

Full wave rectifier needs more circuit elements and is costlier.

COMPARISON BETWEEN FULL WAVE
AND HALF WAVE RECTIFIER
BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFERENCE

● wikipedia.com

● Google search engine

● Knowledgecycle.in

● Physics NCERT book for class XII

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Connection details:

Connections are done as in the circuit. The A.C. supply is

given to both the input wires of the transformer and the two
ends of the secondary coil is given to the P side of the two
diodes and the N side of the diodes are twined and then
connected to one end of the capacitor and the other end to the
centre tap lead and to the resistor. Further, the other end of
capacitor with the diode connect ion is connected to the other
end of the resistor. Connect 2 leads on both the ends of the
resistor to measure the output and this is connected to the +ve
& -ve terminals of the bulb.