ROTATING EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATIONS

By: Eng. AboBakrElsedik Mohamed

 General overview and discussion for machinery equipment in oil and gas industry.

Introduction

Pumps
ROTATING EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATIONS

Compressors
Fans & Blowers
DIESL and GAS Engines

Gas Turbine
Steam Turbine

Turbo-Expanders
 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DIVISION FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION CHART

Mechanical Engineering
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Division

Material Engineering Pressure Vessels

Mechanical Department
Department Department

Solids Handling Pressure Vessels

Machinery Section HVAC Section Combustion Section
Section Section
 MECHANICAL DIVISION
CODES AND STANDARDS

API American Petroleum Institute

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
AGMA American Gear Manufacturers Association
ISO International Organization for Standardization
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturer Association
NFPA 20 National Fire Protection Association)
CEMA Conveyors Equipment Manufacturing Association
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung)
NFPA 8502 National Fire Protection Association
BS 7361 Cathodic Protection for Land & Marine
DNV DET NORSK VERITAS – Recommended Practice for
Cathodic Protection
NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers
 MECHANICAL DIVISION
CODES AND STANDARDS

S.I.S Swedish International Standard for Surface Preparation

AWWA American Water Works Association
TEMA Tubular Exchangers Manufacturers Association
MSS Manufacturers Standards Society
BSI British Standards Institute
WRC Welding Research Council
UL Underwriters Laboratory

EGYPTIAN LAW 4/1994

Law of The Environment and its Executive Regulations and Amending
Decree no. 1774/2005)
 Rotating Equipment definition
DEFINITION
Rotating equipment moves products
Products = solids, liquids, gases

As we shall see, there are different classifications of rotating equipment. Regardless of the classification, rotating
equipment moves product. More properly stated:
Rotating equipment moves money!!

Stop the equipment and the source of revenue stops! This is a very important fact to remember. If you want management
to approve your recommendation, you must be able to justify it economically! The form of any recommendation to
management should be as shown in Figure
A successful recommendation
Must state clearly and simply:
• The problem
• The problems' cost to the company (parts, labor and loss
revenue)
• The recommended solution
• Its' cost
• Proof that the solution will work (has it worked somewhere
else?)
• Savings to company by implementing proposed solution
 Classifications of rotating equipment
There are four (4) basic function classifications of
rotating equipment:
• Driven
• Drivers or prime movers (provide power)
• Transmission devices
• Auxiliary equipment

The equipment 'train' or 'unit'

 rotating equipment life span

It is important to understand that the life span of rotating equipment is extremely long compared to the specification,
design and installation phase. Refer to Figure below. A typical installation will have a specification design and installation
phase of only approximately 10% of the total life of the process unit. Improper specification, design or installation will
significantly impact the maintenance requirements, maintenance cost and availability of a particular piece of machinery.
 rotating equipment life span

The objectives of the end user are:

 rotating equipment life span
In order to maximize the profit, a piece of machinery must have maximum reliability, maximum product throughput and
minimum operating cost (maximum efficiency). In order to achieve these objectives, the end user must play a significant part
in the project during the specification and design phase and not only after the installation of the equipment in the field.
Effective field maintenance starts with the specification phase of a project. Inadequate specifications in terms of equipment
operating conditions, mechanical design, instrumentation and the location of the instrumentations will reduce equipment
availability.
 Classifications of rotating equipment

Pumps and compressors

• Both pumps and compressors move a fluid from one energy level to another.
• A pump moves an incompressible fluid - a liquid. For our purposes, the volume of a liquid does not change
with pressure and temperature.
• A compressor moves a compressible fluid - a gas. The volume of a gas changes with pressure, temperature and
gas composition.
• The principles of dynamic machines apply both to pumps and compressors. However, since gases are
compressible, the volume flow rate and hence the gas velocity in a passage is affected.
 TYPES OF PUMPS

POSITIVE
DYNAMIC
DISPLACEMENT

RECIPROCATING ROTARY CENTRIFUGAL MIXED FLOW AXIAL FLOW

PLUNGER VANE

PISTON GEAR

DIAPHRAGM LOBE

SCREW

PISTON
 Centrifugal Pumps

A centrifugal pump is a rotor dynamic

pump that uses a rotating impeller to
increase the pressure of a fluid.
Centrifugal pumps are commonly
used to move liquids through a
system, the fluid enters the pump
impeller or near to rotating axis and
is accelerated by the impeller,
flowing radially outwards into a
diffuser or volute chamber (casings),
from where it exists into the
downstream piping system.
Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps
Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps
PETROBEL ZOHR PH1 – Lean MEG Booster Pumps
Arrangement : 2 (1 operating + 2 standby)
Type : API 610 Horizontal Overhung Centrifugal Pump
MFR. : Weir Gabbioneta s.r.l.
Flowrate : 6.43 m³/hr (5,000 gpm)
Head : 90 m
Motor Power : 22 kW
Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps
Ethydco Utilities Plant – Diesel Engine Driven FW Pumps
Arrangement : 2 (1 operating + 2 standby)
Type : Horizontal axially split Centrifugal Pump
MFR. : Peerless
Flowrate : 1,136 m³/hr (5,000 gpm)
Head : 108 m
Engine Power : 541 kW (725 HP)
Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps
Ethydco Utilities Plant – Motor Driven FW Pumps Ethydco Utilities Plant – Jockey Pumps
Arrangement : 1 x 100% Arrangement : 2 x 100%
Type : Horizontal axially split Centrifugal Pump Type : Horizontal Radially split Centrifugal Pump
MFR. : Peerless MFR. : Peerless
Flowrate : 1,136 m³/hr (5,000 gpm) Flowrate : 121 m³/hr
Head : 108 m Head : 101 m
Motor Power : 597 kW Motor Power : 75 kW
 video

Vertical Centrifugal Pumps

Ethydco Utilities Plant – Cooling Tower Circulation Pumps
Arrangement : 10 (8 operating + 2 spare)
Type : Vertical Double Suction
MFR. : Flowserve
Flowrate : 4,470 m³/hr
Head : 83 m
Motor Power : 1.275 MW
Positive Displacement Pumps

1. PD pumps to handle liquids with:

• Viscosities up to 1,320,000 cSt (6,000,000 Saybolt Seconds Universal (SSU))
• Capacities up to 1,150 m³/hr (5,000 gpm).
• Pressures up to 700 Barg (10,000 Psig).

2. PD pumps are inherently self-priming.

3. PD pumps are insensitive to the system’s pressure fluctuations. (Do not have BEP).

4. PD pumps can operate continuously at 0.2 centipoise (cP) or 200,000 cP viscosities.

5. PD pumps operate at reduced speeds.

Positive Displacement Pumps
PETROBEL – ZOHR PH1 – Lean MEG Injection Pumps
Arrangement : 5 (3 operating + 2 spare)
Type : API 674 Positive Displacement Reciprocating Plunger Pump
MFR. : Peroni Pompe S.p.A.
Flowrate : 2.2 m³/hr
Disch Press. : 390 Barg
Motor Power : 37 MW
Metering Pumps
PETROBEL ZOHR PH1 – Fresh MEG Utulity Pumps
Arrangement : 2 x 100%
Type : API 675 Hydraulically Operated Double Diaphragm Pump
MFR. : Seko
Flowrate : 1.3 m³/hr
Disch. Press. : 100 Barg
Motor Power : 15 kW
Rotary Pumps (Horizontal)
Arrangement : 2x100% (1 operating + 1 spare)
Type : Horizontal API 676 Mono screw Progressive Cavity Rotary Pump
MFR. : NETZSCH
Flowrate : 10 m³/hr
Disch Press. : 2.6 Barg
Motor Power : 3 kW
Rotary Pumps (Vertical)
Ethydco – Flare Bottom Pit Pumps
Arrangement : 2x100% (1 operating + 1 standby)
Type : Vertical API 676 Mono screw Progressive Cavity Rotary Pump
MFR. : NETZSCH
Flowrate : 1.1 m³/hr
Disch Press. : 5.1 Barg
Motor Power : 0.68 kW
Electric Submersible Centrifugal Pumps
 Lewa
Geveke
Bran and lube
Air Operated Double Diaphragm Pumps (AODDP) SPX
Itt borenmann
Leistritz
Flowserve
Netzsch
aLWEILLER
 COMPRESSORS TYPES

Dynamic Positive Displacement

Compressors compressors

Ejector Centrifugal Axial Rotary Reciprocating

Single Acting

Double Acting

Vane Liquid Ring Screw Lobe Free Piston

Labyrinth

Diaphragm
Compressors Application Range
Centrifugal Compressor

• Widespread use, many applications

• Gas is accelerated outwards by rotating impeller

• Can be built for operation as low as 5 psi, or

operation as high as 10,000 psi (0.35 Bar-550 Bar)

• Sizes range from 149 kW (200 HP) to 70 MW

(95,000 HP)

COMP. ROTOR
Centrifugal Compressor
SUCTION NOZZLE DISCHARGE
NOZZLE
ANRPC Recycle Gas Compressor Driven By Steam Turbine

Type : Centrifugal Compressor

MFR. :

Flowrate : 24,365 m³/hr

Disch. Pressure : 6.62 kg/cm²g
Steam Turbine Power : 2.479 MW
Centrifugal Compressors – Axial

• Gas flows in direction of rotating shaft

• Can be built for lower pressures only 0.7 Bar to 7 Bar (10 to
100 Psi) discharge pressures)

• Very efficient for high flow applications

• Not as common as centrifugal

Gas Turbine Driven Centrifugal Compressor
 Centrifugal compressors

• Centrifugal compressors , some times termed radial compressors are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work
absorbing turbo machinery.
• The idealized compressive dynamic turbo-machine achieves a pressure rise by adding kinetic energy/velocity to a
Continuous flow of fluid through the rotor or impeller.
• This kinetic energy is then converted to an increase in potential energy/ static pressure by slowing the flow through
a diffuser.
video
Reciprocating compressors
Reciprocating compressors
Reciprocating compressors

Applications
Reciprocating compressors
 Reciprocating compressors

Borsig
Neuman Esser
SIAD
Mitsu
Reciprocating Compressors
ANRPC – Net Gas Reciprocating Compressor
Arrangement : 1x100%
Type : API 618 Reciprocating compressor
MFR. : BORSIG ZM Compression GmbH
Flowrate : 7,110 m³/hr
Disch Press. : 19 kg/cm²g
Motor Power : 2.2 MW

Double Acting Reciprocating

Compressor
Positive Displacement Compressors - Reciprocating

1-Stage Lubricated Reciprocating

Air Compressor

Rotary Screw Air Compressor

Screw compressors
Screw compressors
Screw compressors
Positive Displacement Compressors – Rotary Screw

Rotary Screw Air Compressor

Normally 149 kW (200HP) to (746 kW (1000HP)

Air Compressors & Dryers Package
Centrifugal Compressors – Integrally Geared

Ethydco Air Compressor

What Is The Difference Between Fan, Blower & Compressor?

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) uses the specific ratio, which is the ratio of the
discharge pressure over the suction pressure, to define fans, blowers and compressors

Equipment Specific Ratio Pressure Rise

Fans < 1.11 0.11 Bar
Blowers 1.11 ~ 1.20 0.11 ~ 0.20 Bar
Compressors > 1.20 --
Compressors

Ancient man used a form of air compressor, a bellows, to fuel fire for forging tools.
Rotary Lobe Air Blower
PETROBEL, ZOHR Onshore – Phase 01
Steam Polish Blower
MFR. : ROBUSCHI - Three Lobe
ΔP : 0.5 Bar
Flow : 291 m³/hr
Power : 6.8 kW
Centrifugal Fans
 FANS
Axial Flow Fans

Ethydco – Utilities Plant

Cooling Tower Fan
Arrangement : 12 (10 operating + 2 spare)
Type : Axial Flow Fan
MFR. :

P.O. Amount : Part of cooling tower Pkg. Supply

Flowrate : 2,302,344 m³/hr (639.54 m³/s)
Total Pressure: 16.2 mmH₂O
Fan Diameter : 10.360 m
Motor Power : 150 kW
Emergency Diesel Generator
PETROBEL, ZOHR Onshore – Phase 01
EDG – 014800XX002
Type : Diesel Engine Driven AC Generator
MFR. : CATERPILLAR / MANTRAC
kWe : 920
Gas Engines
Gas Turbine
Gas Turbine Driven Generator
PETROBEL, ZOHR Onshore – Phase 01
Type : SGT-400 Gas Turbine Driven AC Generator
Arrangement : 4 (3 operating + 1 Standby)
MFR. : SIEMENS
MWe : 12.9 (ISO Rating)
Gas Turbine
Gas Turbine
Gas Turbine Producers
Steam Turbine
Steam Turbine Producers
Combined cycle
Turbo Expander
Manufacturers
Turboexpanders

TURBINE
ORC