Railnet
Railnet
• Class D Multicasting
• Class E
IPv4 classification
IP Class From To Remarks
Class A 0.0.0.0 127.255.255.255
• These addresses are not routable & invalid over the Internet.
• They can be used for: LAN, Private Networks, home & office networks,
ATM machines, networks not connected to Internet.
Public Vs Private IP
Public IP Private IP
PCI Wireless Card - This is used for connecting the Computer/ Laptop to
the Internet in a Hot Spot.
Wi-Fi components
• CAT 6 Cable - It is a Category 6 twisted pair cable and carry up to
1000 Mbps.
• It is used for connecting the AP to the back haul Network
Wi-fi Parameters
• SSID (Service Set Identifier)- It is a name that identifies a particular
wireless LAN
• A client device receives broadcast messages from all access points
within range advertising their SSIDs.
Wi-Fi Security
Various Wi-Fi Protocols are
• WEP- Wired Equivalent Privacy, developed in 1999. uses 40-bit
encryption key, easily hackable.no longer used
• WPA- Wi-fi Protected Access, uses stronger encryption method called
TKIP(Temporal key Integrity Protocol) TKIP dynamically changes its key
• Although WPA is also vulnerable, but WPA is stronger encryption
technique than WEP.
• WPA2- provides stronger security than WPA.WPA2 uses AES(advanced
encryption standard) as encryption technique.
• Some Wi-Fi routers uses mixed security standard such as WPA2 & WPA
• WPA3- introduced in 2018. – stronger than WPA2
Railnet
• RAILNET is a corporate wide information system (CWIS)
• provides computer connectivity between Railway Board, Zonal Railways,
Production units(Pus), RDSO, Centralized Training Institutes(CTIs), CORE,
and MTP / Kolkata etc.
• It is an Intranetwork of Railways.
Objectives Of Railnet
• Paperless working
• Information on Demand (no periodic reporting)
• Automatic Status Update
• Promote E-governance.
RAILNET GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
LAN ARCHITECTURE –BOARD’S GUIDELINES
• All backbone wiring of LAN should be
on the fiber which is capable of
working on 1GBPS.
• Layer -3 switches at the core. Two Fiber
numbers. Should work as backup to backbone
each other.
• Layer-2 switch stack connected to both
the L3 switch using OFC forming a
network.
• L3 switches need not be PoE.
• L2 switches should be PoE enabled to
support VoIP telephony.
Railnet Setup at Zones
Web proxy
server
Firewall
Switch
Implementation of Wi-Fi System in Trains & on
Stations
• Indian Railways have partnered with
Google to provide Wi-Fi Broadband
facility to passengers at major railway
stations across the country.
• The Google RailTel initiative named
Rail Wire was launched in January
2016.
• Rail Wire is a free Wi-Fi internet
project across major railway stations
in India.
Wi-Fi connectivity links at Stations
PASSENGER RESERVATION SYSTEM(PRS)
• PRS is a system that has been developed for reserving
the seats in the trains in advance for passengers from
different Railway reservation centers in India.
• All the locations have redundant links, either RCIL & BSNL or both.
• PRS servers are located at 5 locations Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai &
Secunderabad.
STM
Link
Freight Operations Information System(FOIS)
Advantages
• Increase business potentials
• Reduce operating costs
• Global tracking of consignments. in real time
• Promote e-commerce
• Ready details of wagons & racks.
• Monitoring of freights.
• Generate managerial reports.
FOIS Components
• Rake Management System (RMS) -for handling the operating
portion
• Terminal Management System (TMS) –for commercial
transactions.
• Coaching Operations Information System(COIS) or
• Integrated Coaching Management System (ICMS) - entire
data of each coach on IR readily available on computer for its
optimum use and traffic management at all levels.
• Crew Management System(CMS)
• Computerized Control Charting
FOIS Architecture
• Application servers are centrally placed at CRIS/NDLS
• CRIS SERVERS are connected to all Zonal HQ & Div HQ on 2 Mbps
WAN links hired from RCIL.
• Wayside field locations connected in tandem order and terminated
to div. or zonal HQ forming a mesh on 64 Kbps or 2 Mbps (WAN).
• VSAT communication is provided to establish connectivity to the
locations where other means of communication like railway’s own
links or BSNL link is not feasible.
• FOIS is a CLIENT –SERVER working model.
Connectivity Diagram of FOIS