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    Heat and Temp

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    This document discusses heat, temperature, thermodynamics, and thermal expansion. It defines key terms like temperature, heat transfer mechanisms, and thermal equilibrium. It describes temperature scales like Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. It explains the concepts of internal energy, thermal expansion of materials, and how temperature changes affect volume and length. Several example problems are provided to demonstrate calculating temperature changes, thermal expansion, and heat transfer.

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    Heat and Temp

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    21 views32 pages
    This document discusses heat, temperature, thermodynamics, and thermal expansion. It defines key terms like temperature, heat transfer mechanisms, and thermal equilibrium. It describes temperature scales like Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. It explains the concepts of internal energy, thermal expansion of materials, and how temperature changes affect volume and length. Several example problems are provided to demonstrate calculating temperature changes, thermal expansion, and heat transfer.

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    This document discusses heat, temperature, thermodynamics, and thermal expansion. It defines key terms like temperature, heat transfer mechanisms, and thermal equilibrium. It describes temperature scales like Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. It explains the concepts of internal energy, thermal expansion of materials, and how temperature changes affect volume and length. Several example problems are provided to demonstrate calculating temperature changes, thermal expansion, and heat transfer.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views32 pages

    Heat and Temp

    Uploaded by

    Pubg Mobile
    This document discusses heat, temperature, thermodynamics, and thermal expansion. It defines key terms like temperature, heat transfer mechanisms, and thermal equilibrium. It describes temperature scales like Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin. It explains the concepts of internal energy, thermal expansion of materials, and how temperature changes affect volume and length. Several example problems are provided to demonstrate calculating temperature changes, thermal expansion, and heat transfer.

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    You are on page 1of 32

    HEAT AND

    THERMODYNAMICS

    By : Arra C. Quitaneg
    HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS
    OBJECTIVES:
    - Define heat, temperature, specific heat
    capacity.
    - Solve problems on thermal expansion heat
    transfer, quantity of heat and temperature
    conversion.
    - Describe different heat transfer mechanisms.
    What is temperature?
    TEMPERATURE
    • http://ippex.pppl.gov/interactive/fusion/contr
    olatomtemp.html
    - A quantity that tells how warm or cold an object is
    with respect to a standard

    - related to the random motion of the molecules in


    a substance.

    - it is proportional to the average kinetic energy of


    molecular translational motion.
    Kelvin Scale
    named after British
    physicist Lord Kelvin

    Zero is assigned to the


    lowest possible
    temperature absolute
    zero

    - 2730C
    Celsius Scale Farenheit Scale
    Named after a Swedish Named after a German
    astronomer Anders physicist G.D Farenheit
    Celsius
    32 is assigned to the
    Zero is assigned to the temperature at which
    temperature at which water freezes
    water freezes, and 100 is
    the temperature at 212 is assigned to the
    which water boils. temperature at which
    water boils.
    TEMPERATURE SCALE
    CONVERSION
    • °C = K - 273.15°
    • K = °C + 273.15

    °C = (°F - 32°)/1.8

    °F= 1.8•°C + 32°


    • Internal energy =
    the grand total of
    all energies inside a
    substance.
    THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM

    A B

    Objects that are in thermal equilibrium are at


    the same temperature.
    THERMAL EXPANSION

    Why are there thermal


    expansion joints in
    roads?

    -When the temperature of a substance is increased,


    molecules or atoms move faster and tend to move farther
    apart, resulting to an expansion of the substance.

    -Expansion of liquids is greater than the expansion


    of solids.
    How does a
    thermometer
    work?

    Is the
    expansion of
    the liquid
    same as that
    of the glass?
    THERMOMETER
    Linear Expansion

    • ∆L = change in length
    •  = coefficient of linear expansion
    • L0 = initial length of the material
    • ∆T = is the change in temperature
    Volume expansion

    • ∆V = change in volume
    •  = coefficient of volume expansion
    • V0 = initial volume of the material
    • ∆T = is the change in temperature
    Problem-solving
    Solution:
    • You place a small piece of 0F to 0C

    melting ice in your °C = (°F T- 32°)/1.8


    = T2-T1
    mouth. Eventually, the
    °C = (32°F - 32°)/1.8
    water all converts from T = 37 0C - 00C
    = 0°C
    ice at T1= 320F to body
    = 37
    °C = (98.6°F
    0C
    - 32°)/1.8
    temperature T2= 98.60F.
    Express the temperatures = 37°C
    in 0C and in K and find T T = 310.15 K – 273.15K
    in both cases. K = °C + 273.15
    = 37 K
    K = 0°C + 273.15 = 273.15K
    K = 37 °C + 273.15 =
    310.15K
    • A steel measuring tape used to measure land
    area has a length of 25 m at a temperature of
    25 0C. What would be its length if the
    temperature is changed to 300C.
    Problem-solving

    • A surveyor uses a • SOLUTION


    steel measuring tape
    that is exactly 50 m
    long at a temperature
    of 200C. What is its • Lf – L0=  L0T
    length on a hot • Lf =  L0T + L0
    summer day when • Lf = L0 ( T + 1)
    temperature is 350C. • Lf = 50m (1.2x10-5 K-1 15K + 1)
    steel = 1.2x10-5 K-1 • Lf = 50.009 m
    • A 5 mL mercury at a temperature of 200C,
    expands as it is heated. What will be its
    volume when the temperature is increased to
    400C?
    • A gas flask with volume Solution:
    Solution:
    200cm3 is filled to the
    Volume of mercury
    brim with mercury at
    200C. How much glass =overflows
    which 3
    mercury overflows Vglass = 3(0.4 x10-5 K-1 ) 200 cm3 80K
    when the temperature V
    V = 0.192 cm 3
    mercury - Vglass
    glass
    of the system is raised
    =2.88 cm3 - 0.192 cm cm 3
    to 1000C? glass = 0.4 Vmercury = (18 x10-5 K-1 )
    x10-5 K-1 mercury = 18 x 200 cm3 80K
    = 2.69 cm3
    10-5 K-1 Vmercury = 2.88 cm3
    .
    • Solution
    • A metal rod
    is40.125 cm long
    at 200C and
    •  = L/L0 T
    40.148 cm long at
    450C. Calculate • = (40.148cm – 40.125cm) /
    (40.125cm)(450C - 200C)
    the average
    coefficient of
    linear expansion • = 2.29 x 10-5 K
    of the rod.
    • A machinist bores a hole of diameter 1.350 cm on a
    steel plate at a temperature of 250C. What is the
    cross section area of the hole at a) 25 0C. B) when
    temperature of the plate is increased to 175 0C.

    • An iron ring is to fit snugly on a cylindrical iron rod.


    At 200C, the diameter of the rod is 6.445 cm and
    inside diameter of the ring is 6.420 cm. To slip over
    the rod, the ring must be slightly larger than the rod
    by 0.008 cm. To what temperature must the ring be
    brought if its hole is to be large enough so it will slip
    over the rod.
    • The steel bed of suspension bridge is 200 m
    long at 200C. If the extremes of temperature
    to which it might be exposed are – 30 0C to +
    400C, how much will it contract and expand?
    CHALLENGE PROBLEM
    • A concrete highway is built of slabs 14 m
    long (200C). How wide should the
    expansion cracks be (at 200C) between
    slabs to prevent buckling if the range of
    temperature is -300C to 50 0C. concrete =
    12 x10-6 K-1
    THERMAL EXPANSION OF WATER
    THERMAL EXPANSION OF WATER
    Water is densest at 40C.

    As the water is cooled below


    4 deg C however, it expands!

    If water were like most


    other materials, the very
    cold water would sink and
    lakes would freeze from the
    bottom up.

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