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    Centroids and Centers of Gravity

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    carminavegamaria
    Centroids and centers of gravity are important points for analyzing the effects of forces on objects. The centroid is the average position of all points in an object and defines its geometric center, balancing perfectly when cut out. The center of gravity also considers the object's density and mass distribution. It is the point where the entire weight of the object seems concentrated. Knowing the centroid and center of gravity allows balancing objects and distributing stresses uniformly in structures. Their positions are crucial for analyzing beams, determining moments of inertia, and more. Centroids can be determined through integration, summing infinitesimal area elements weighted by their distance from the axes.

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    Centroids and Centers of Gravity

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    carminavegamaria
    39 views4 pages
    Centroids and centers of gravity are important points for analyzing the effects of forces on objects. The centroid is the average position of all points in an object and defines its geometric center, balancing perfectly when cut out. The center of gravity also considers the object's density and mass distribution. It is the point where the entire weight of the object seems concentrated. Knowing the centroid and center of gravity allows balancing objects and distributing stresses uniformly in structures. Their positions are crucial for analyzing beams, determining moments of inertia, and more. Centroids can be determined through integration, summing infinitesimal area elements weighted by their distance from the axes.

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    CENTROIDS-AND-CENTERS-OF-GRAVITY

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    Centroids and centers of gravity are important points for analyzing the effects of forces on objects. The centroid is the average position of all points in an object and defines its geometric center, balancing perfectly when cut out. The center of gravity also considers the object's density and mass distribution. It is the point where the entire weight of the object seems concentrated. Knowing the centroid and center of gravity allows balancing objects and distributing stresses uniformly in structures. Their positions are crucial for analyzing beams, determining moments of inertia, and more. Centroids can be determined through integration, summing infinitesimal area elements weighted by their distance from the axes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    39 views4 pages

    Centroids and Centers of Gravity

    Uploaded by

    carminavegamaria
    Centroids and centers of gravity are important points for analyzing the effects of forces on objects. The centroid is the average position of all points in an object and defines its geometric center, balancing perfectly when cut out. The center of gravity also considers the object's density and mass distribution. It is the point where the entire weight of the object seems concentrated. Knowing the centroid and center of gravity allows balancing objects and distributing stresses uniformly in structures. Their positions are crucial for analyzing beams, determining moments of inertia, and more. Centroids can be determined through integration, summing infinitesimal area elements weighted by their distance from the axes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    CENTROIDS AND CENTERS OF GRAVITY

    6-1 Introduction

    In the study of the effect of forces on a body, it is apparent to discuss about


    the centroid and center of gravity because this is the point through which the
    resultant weight of the acts.

    Centroid is the average position of all the points of an object and defines the
    geometric center of an object. When we cut a plane shape from a piece of card it
    balances perfectly on its centroid.

    Figure 6.1.1

    The Center of Gravity is the same as the centroid when the density is the
    same throughout. Center of Gravity is also called the Center of Mass because it
    considers the density of an object.

    Center of Gravity (or) mass center of a point in the body where entire mass
    or weight – is assumed to be concentrated. In other words, it is a point in the body,
    through which the resultant of the weights of different parts of the body is assumed
    to be acting. It is generally written as C.G.

    Figure 6.1.2

    A force that goes through the canter of gravity won't cause any rotation. In
    fact, you can balance an object by supporting it directly below its center of gravity.
    Centroidal Axis is the axis which passes through center of gravity (or)
    centroid of an object or figure.

    Figure 6.1.3

    Axis of Symmetry is the line dividing the figure into two equal parts like
    mirror images the centroid always lies on the axis of symmetry.

    Axis of Symmetry

    Figure 6.1.4
    A figure may contain one (or) more axis of symmetry. If there are more
    axis of symmetry the centroid lies at the intersection of axis of symmetry.

    Figure 6.1.5
    Centroids for Common Geometric Shapes
    Shape Area x y

    1. Rectangle

    bd b d
    2 2

    2. Triangle

    1 1
    bd h
    2 3

    3. Semicircle

    πr
    2 4r
    r
    2 3π

    4. Quarter Circle

    πr
    2 4r 4r
    4 3π 3π

    5. Parabola

    2
    y =kx 2 2 3
    bh b h
    3 5 8
    6-2 Importance of Centroids and Center of Gravity

    The location of the centroid of an area is of great importance in the


    subsequent work on strength of materials (Mechanics of Deformable Bodies). A
    student will learn that in order to produce uniform stress distribution, the loads must
    be placed so that the line of action of their resultant coincides with the centroid of
    the cross-section of the member.
    The position of the centroid of an area is also important for determining
    the location of the neutral axis (axis with zero stress) in the bending of beams, it is
    shown that the neutral axis passes through the centroid of the cross-section of the
    beam. Many other instances like determination of the moment of inertia will also
    come the students’ attention in his engineering studies.

    6-4 Centroid Determined by Integration


    We recall that integration is the process of summing up infinitesimal
    quantities. If the area of an element had been expressed as the differential dA, the
    equations for determining the centroid of an area would be:
    b
    A x=∫ x c dA
    a

    b
    A y=∫ y c dA
    a

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