syall yaasll alll png STATICS Introduction Mechanics is defined as the science that describes and predicts the conditions of rest or motion of bodies under the action of forces. It consists of the mechanics of rigid bodies, mechanics of deformable bodies, and mechanics of fluids. mechanics of rigid bodies, [> Staties Dynamics deals with accelerated rium of bodies, motion of bodies. deals with the equili that is, those that are either at rest or move with a constant velocity particle a very small amount of matter, which we assume occupies a single point in space. Arigid body _ consists of a large number of particles occupying fixed positions with respect to one another. represents the action of one body on another. A force can be exerted by actual contact, like a push or a pull, or at a distance, as in the case of gravitational or magnetic forces. A forceCONTENTS « Concurrent Coplanar Forces e Equilibrium of a Particle « Non Concurrent Coplanar Forces « Equilibrium of a Rigid Body « Equilibrium of Particles (Trusses) « Equilibrium of a system of Rigid Bodies (Frames and Machines) e Friction Course Grading: Performace in the toutorial class. Quizess in the toutorial class Mid Term Exam Final Exam.FORCE A force is characterized by its point of application, its magnitude, and its direction; a force is represented by a vector ‘Magnitude F,=10N Point of action (application) F,=20N 4 B Representing the force line of action F,=20N = A B F, =20N A B 10N is the infinite straight line along which the force acts. sense of the force We indicate the sense of the force by an arrowhead. “ Fixed aisCOPLANAR FORCES The lines of action of all forces lie in a single plane. CONCURRENT COPLANAR FORCES ‘The lines of action of all forces lie in a single plane and meet at one point. a Fy NON CONCURRENT COPLANAR FORCES The Lines of action of all forces lie in a single plane but do not meet at one point. Parallel force system is a special case of general non concurrent polanar force system AO, FyCONCURRENT COPLANAR FORCES Finding a Resultant Force Resultant force two forces P and Q acting on a particle A (Fig.a) can be replaced by a single force R that has the same effect on the particle (Fig.c). This force is called the resultant, Parallelogram of the forces P and Q. nS i) Resultant Parallelogram law Ara We can obtain R, as shown in Fig.b, by constructing a parallelogram, using P and Q as two adjacent sides. The k diagonal that passes through A represents the resultant. A © This law is based on experimental evidence: it cannot be proved or derived mathematically. Triangle rule we could draw only half of the parallelogram (Fig. a). The resultant can be found by arranging P and Qin tip-to-tail fashion and then connecting the tail of P with the tip of Q. If we draw the other half of the parallelogram, as in Fig. b, we obtain the same result. Note: For a coplanar concurrent force system, all the forces are passing ‘through a common point. Therefore, the line of action of the resultant is passing through the same point. Hence, we have two ‘unknowns only: the magnitude and the direction of the resultant.Resolution of a force Components of a force a single force F acting on a particle may be replaced by two for more forces that, together, have the same effect on the particle, These forces are called components of the original force F. This process is called resolving the force F into components. Rectangular Components of a Force y KFSolved examples xample 1: For the given forces F; = 100N and F) = 150N, find the resultant force. ve = ; 70490 = Triangle of forces Paralstogram lr F941 = Tieng off Re {argo -200m(se ane fa so eR > sae 2 ge > o= 2 a ee Zin 7-8" aT) F,=W3N. a 3 a ute e Sint 30~ sn30~ sin30 . Z F, = 600N nwt 2Example The resultant force R of the two forces F; and F) is directed in positive x-axis and F, =800N. 4 = 60. If Fz is minimum, determine the magnitude of Fo, its direction 2 and the magnitude of the resultant force R. R= F,c0s6, = 8000360 = 400N Example 4: The resultant foree R of the two forces Fy,F2 has amagnitude of R = 9380 N and its direction p = 65°. If F,is directed in positive x-axis and its magnitude Fy = 400N , determine the magnitude of Fp and its direction 8. 3 o R { 9380 - 2(4700)(9380) C01! ‘ FrN649OnN @ R= 2340, R Fy = co 7 T Feteey SHNSe OL ane 59 = 7380 5.5 2 0-73 CNAs Fa DAB come 164? O= 46.9"Resultant of concurrent coplanar forces analytically ‘© Resolve ll forces in.x and y directions. © Define the positive direction for the calculation purpose let it be positive x and y-axis, © Ascuine the resultant force (magnitude R ind direction a or (Wo components Ry and 2) placed in the frst quadrant. ‘© Apply the equivalence principle to caleulate the ‘components of the resultant force in x and y directions. Re aPie Fast Fay Ry =FiytBay Foy Example § Determine the resultant Force of the four forces shown ia the figure. Rye ZF Ry =500(3)-S20(2) 418062 60'= - 99. N Ry= 2 R 25 00 (L)e200.520(8) -Ix0su2 6 = 2H4.2n1 Ry R 244.12. R oon 24 R= |(90)%, (244 ny = 26008N Or fax’ (24612 20 26996" IExample 6 ‘The resultant force of the three forces Fy, Fz, Fy has a > ° magnitude = BON and its dicction is in postive waxis | Reo (Se Fy BRB ‘as shown in the figure. Determine the magnitude of F, and Ca ed @ Bo cw 48's Fig 4 130-90 (0-6) Fy sot BN ARISE BB B0ushS= a Yolo.R) 130 1S-43N <= {days SAY =24.81N FF * E1(1543\ 3B. s pe be (EAR = 38-45 = 1B0-b = (HL5S™ (43H Determine the magnitude of the force Fz so that the resltant force is minimum of the three forces Fy, Fy, Fs. Also determine R. the msi ant the direction of the resultant force, v Boh Ra tus | Cb Fe) oF Jeo he piace Fats ae nae 2 FronD2O = e-4, A+ rE) | Re = SKN aR dR a2 16-L EM Ry= BAW AR en) Ral PRgt AAG) Rensial Far R ba be minienunn peter gsie Fy=12kN