NATIONAL SEMINAR

on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

किरोड़ीमल कॉलेज, दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय

KIRORI MAL COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF DELHI
नई दिल्ली-110007
NEW DELHI-110007

Dr. Rajesh Tandon

Founder-President
Participatory Research in Asia

MESSAGE FROM THE CHIEF GUEST

Climate-resilient governance of natural resources in India has been led by adivasis through their local
knowledge cultures; now, that eco-system is threatened, resulting in climate distress. Hope this
conference can evolve future pathways to sustainability with active participation and ownership of tribal
communities.

Dr. Rajesh Tandon

2
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

किरोड़ीमल कॉलेज,
दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय
KIRORI MAL
COLLEGE,
UNIVERSITY OF
DELHI
नई दिल्ली-110007
NEW DELHI-110007

Prof. Dinesh Khattar

Principal
Kirori Mal College
University of Delhi
Delhi

MESSAGE FROM THE PRINCIPAL

Dear Organizing Committee, Esteemed Guests, Participants, and Scholars,
I hope this message finds you all in excellent health and high spirits. It is with great pleasure and
anticipation that I extend my heartfelt appreciation and best wishes to the Department of Geography at
Kirori Mal College for organizing the National Seminar on Non-Timber Forest Products, Tribal
Livelihood, and Sustainable Development of Forest Resources. The significance of this seminar cannot be
overstated, as it brings together some of the brightest minds and passionate individuals who are dedicated
to understanding and addressing the critical issues surrounding our forests and the livelihoods of tribal
communities and Non-timber forest products play an essential role in the conservation of our precious
natural resources while also serving as a sustainable means of subsistence for many marginalized
communities.
The fact that you have taken the initiative to discuss and deliberate on these crucial topics reflects your
commitment to fostering positive change in our society. This seminar serves as a vital platform for
knowledge exchange, research dissemination, and the exploration of innovative solutions. It is heartening
to see the academic community and experts come together to explore ways in which we can strike a
harmonious balance between economic development and environmental conservation.
I want to extend my sincerest gratitude to the organizing committee, faculty members, researchers, and all
the participants for their dedication and hard work in making this seminar a reality. Your efforts will
undoubtedly contribute to a greater understanding of these critical issues and, in turn, pave the way for a
more sustainable future. I am confident that the outcomes of this seminar will be of great importance not
only to our academic community but to the nation as a whole.
Warm regards.

3
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Prof. Dinesh Khattar

4
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

किरोड़ीमल कॉलेज,
दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय
KIRORI MAL
COLLEGE,
UNIVERSITY OF
DELHI
नई दिल्ली-110007
NEW DELHI-110007

Dr. Jeetesh Rai

Assistant Professor
Department of Geography
Kirori Mal College
University of Delhi
Delhi

MESSAGE FROM THE CONVENOR

It is with immense pleasure and heartfelt gratitude that I, as the Convenor of the National Seminar on
Non-Timber Forest Products, Tribal Livelihood, and Sustainable Development of Forest Resources,
extend my sincerest appreciation and warm wishes to all of you.
As we prepare to embark on this enlightening journey of knowledge exchange, research dissemination,
and passionate discourse, I would like to take a moment to reflect on the significance of this event. This
seminar, organized by the Department of Geography at Kirori Mal College, represents a vital platform
where diverse minds converge to explore solutions to the pressing challenges our forests and tribal
communities face today. Non-timber forest products are vital for both the economy and environmental
conservation. This seminar highlights participants' dedication to these issues and their commitment to
positive societal change.
I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to our organizing committee, faculty members, researchers, and
every participant for their unwavering dedication and tireless efforts in making this seminar a reality.
Without your enthusiasm and hard work, this endeavor would not have been possible. I am confident that
the discussions and deliberations during this seminar will yield profound insights and innovative
solutions. Your collective wisdom and expertise will undoubtedly contribute to shaping a better, more
sustainable world.
Thank you once again for your valuable participation. I eagerly await the outcomes and take pride in
knowing that this seminar will leave a lasting legacy.

5
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Best Wishes.

Dr. Jeetesh Rai

किरोड़ीमल कॉलेज,
दिल्ली विश्वविद्यालय
KIRORI MAL
COLLEGE,
UNIVERSITY OF
DELHI
नई दिल्ली-110007
NEW DELHI-110007

Dr. Vijendra Kumar Pandey

Assistant Professor
Department of Geography
Kirori Mal College
University of Delhi
Delhi

MESSAGE FROM THE ORNISING SECRETARY

It is with great pleasure and anticipation that I, as the Organizing Secretary of the National Seminar on
Non-Timber Forest Products, Tribal Livelihood, and Sustainable Development of Forest Resources,
extend my warmest greetings and an earnest invitation to join us for this significant event.The
forthcoming seminar, hosted by the Department of Geography at Kirori Mal College, represents a unique
platform for the convergence of brilliant minds and passionate individuals dedicated to exploring the
intricate challenges faced by our forests and the livelihoods of tribal communities. Non-timber forest
products are not just economic resources; they are the cornerstones of ecological conservation and the
sustenance of indigenous cultures.
Your participation in this seminar is highly valued, as it underscores your commitment to our society. By
sharing your expertise, experiences, and insights, you will contribute significantly to the collective effort
aimed at understanding and resolving these critical concerns. I would like to express my sincere gratitude
to our organizing team, respected faculty members, devoted
researchers, and all the enthusiastic participants who have worked
tirelessly to make this seminar a reality. Your dedication and hard
work have been instrumental in bringing this event to fruition, and
we are genuinely appreciative of your unwavering support.

6
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

As the Organizing Secretary, I have every confidence that this seminar will serve as a crucible for the
exchange of profound ideas, the presentation of innovative solutions, and the establishment of meaningful
connections. Your collective wisdom and expertise will undoubtedly contribute to shaping a more
sustainable and equitable future for our environment and the well-being of tribal communities.I extend
my warmest welcome and best wishes to each of you for a productive, enlightening, and enriching
seminar. May your contributions be transformative, your interactions insightful, and your endeavors
towards the sustainable development of forest resources and tribal livelihoods serve as a guiding light for
our society.
Best Wishes.

Dr. Vijendra Kumar Pandey

ABOUT THE HOST

ORGANISATION

KIRORI MAL COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF DELHI

Established in 1954, Kirori Mal College is an institution of academic excellence that has always
strived to, and successfully maintained its place as one of the finest colleges within the
University of Delhi. Awarded NAAC A+ accreditation, the college believes in ushering in a
healthy and supportive atmosphere to its students. The college offers various undergraduate and
post-graduate courses in sciences, humanities, social sciences and commerce. Through its
multidimensional and widely experienced faculty members and process-centric pedagogy, the
college strives to provide a holistic and rich environment for an all-round development to its
young and bright minds. The college encourages a quest for knowledge that is rooted in an
ethical understanding of the world. There is a rich tradition of excellence in theatre, art and
music that only adds to the richness of the academic fabric of the college. Kirori Mal College
offers a unique combination of creativity and learning in various disciplines along with
strengthening the morals of its students.

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY
The Department of Geography was established in 1959 with the objective of contributing to the
academic discipline of Geography in India. It is credited of being one of the best Department of
Geography in terms of academic excellence and social
output. In line with the philosophy of its founding
fathers, the Department of Geography has always tried

7
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

to bring about a synergy between the theory and practical aspects of the subject along with
maintaining a perfect balance between the academic pursuits and social engagement. In terms of
social output, the Department of Geography has a very wide alumni network contributing to
various fields ranging from academics, civil services, NGOs and different international
organisations. The essence of Department of Geography is in imparting value-oriented, hands-on
training with an eye on developing the problem-solving approach of its students. The art of
nourishing research, academics and geospatial skills are the main tenets imparted by the
department.

8
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

ABOUT THE SEMINAR

"Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood, and Sustainable Development of Forest
Resources" stands as a significant forum for the exploration and understanding of the intricate
connections between NTFPs, tribal livelihoods, and the sustainable utilization of forest resources. NTFPs
encompass a vast array of forest-derived goods, excluding timber, ranging from medicinal plants and
herbs to nuts, fruits, resins, and more. These products hold multifaceted significance, serving as a means
to preserve biodiversity, maintain the health of forest ecosystems, and provide essential income and
sustenance for indigenous and tribal communities across the globe. At the core of this seminar lies a
collective endeavour to unravel the multifaceted dimensions of NTFPs. It seeks to delve into their pivotal
role in preserving traditional knowledge systems, contributing to economic stability among tribal
communities, and ensuring the equitable distribution of benefits derived from forest resources. The
seminar on "Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood, and Sustainable Development of
Forest Resources" is a comprehensive forum addressing the intricate web of issues surrounding NTFPs
and their profound impact on tribal communities, governance, livelihoods, and sustainable development.
This gathering brings together experts, policymakers, researchers, and community representatives to
dissect the legal frameworks, institutional challenges, and broader themes associated with NTFPs. From
the complexities of nationalization and de-nationalization of NTFPs to the crucial roles they play in
livelihood diversification, food security, and forest governance, the seminar explores the multifaceted
nature of these resources. It emphasizes strategies for commercialization, market access, and the vital role
of micro-finance in fostering sustainable livelihoods. The seminar advocates for decentralized,
community-based forest resource management and the recognition of ownership rights while addressing
the political economy of tribal communities in the context of NTFPs. In sum, this seminar serves as an
indispensable platform for the holistic exploration and actionable strategies to enhance the role of NTFPs
in the well-being of indigenous and tribal communities and the sustainable development of forest
resources.

SUB-THEMES

 Legal Frameworks and institutional issues of NTFPs

 Nationalisation and de-nationalisation of NTFPs

 Livelihood Diversification, Sustainability and Food Security

 NTFPs, Tribal communities and forest governance

 Commercialization and Marketing of NTFPs

 Tribal livelihood and the sustainable development of forest resources

 Rural development and participatory forest resource management

9
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

 Decentralization and devolution of power in NTFP trade

 Role of micro-finance in the marketing of NTFPs and sustainable livelihood

 Ownership Rights and Political Economy of Tribal Communities and institutional issues of
NTFPs

PATRONS
Prof. Dinesh Khattar,
Principal, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi

CONVENOR
Dr. Jeetesh Rai, Assistant Professor
Department Of Geography,
Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi

CO-CONVENORS
Dr. Khusro Moin, Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi
Prof. Anshu, Department of Geography, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi
Dr. Karuna Shree, Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi

ORGANISING SECRETARY
Dr. Vijendra Kumar Pandey, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Kirori Mal College,
University of Delhi, Delhi

ORGANISING COMMITTEE
Dr. M. B. Ali, Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi
Dr. Vinod Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi
Ms. Kanchana Narasimhan, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi
Dr. Suman Das, Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi

ADVISORY BOARD
Prof. Kaushal Kumar Sharma, Dean, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
Prof. Anindita Datta, Head, Department of Geography, University of Delhi, Delhi
Prof. Aparajita De, Department of Geography, University of Delhi, Delhi
Prof. Seema Mehra Parihar, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi
Prof. Lubna Siddiqui, Department of Geography, Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi
Prof. Vijay Kumar Baraik, School of Social Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University
Prof. Krishnendra Meena, CSRD, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
Dr. B.R. Thakur, Department of Geography, H.P. University
Dr. Sanjeev Sharma, Associate Professor, CSRD, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi

10
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

11
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

PROGRAMME SCHEDULE

DAY 1 (13th OCTOBER, 2023)

TIME INAUGURAL SESSION

09:30 AM - 10:00 AM Registration
10:00 AM - 11:45 AM Session Coordinator: Dr. Karuna Shree and Dr. Khusro Moin
Technical In-charge: Mr. Sahil and Ms. Shruti
10:00 AM - 10:10 AM Invocation, Lighting of Lamp, Saraswati Vandana and Welcome of Guests
10:10 AM - 10:15 AM Welcome Note and Introduction to the Conference theme by Convenor:
Dr. Jeetesh Rai
Patron’s Address: Prof. Dinesh Khattar, Principal, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, New
10:15 AM - 10:20 AM
Delhi
Address by Guest of Honour: Prof. Kaushal Kumar Sharma, Dean, School of Social Science, and
10:20 AM - 10:35 AM
Chairperson, Special Center for the Disaster Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
Address by Guest of Honour: Prof. Heeraman Tiwari, Hony. Director, Northern Regional Center-
10:35 AM - 10:50 AM ICSSR, Chairperson, Center for the Historical Studies, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi
10:50 AM - 10:55 AM Release of Souvenir
10:55 AM - 11:15 AM Keynote Speaker: Prof. P.C. Joshi, Former Vice Chancellor (Acting), University of Delhi, Delhi
Address by Distinguished Guest: Shri Ramsinh Rathwa, Chairman, Tribal Co-Operative
11:15 AM - 11:25 AM
Marketing Development Federation of India Limited (TRIFED), New Delhi
Address by Chief Guest: Dr. Rajesh Tandon
11:25 AM - 11:40 AM
President, Society for Participatory Research in Asia (PRIA), New Delhi
11:40 AM - 11:45 AM Vote of Thanks by the Co-Convener: Prof. Anshu
National Anthem
TEA BREAK 11:45 AM - 12:15 PM

Plenary Session I
NTFPs, Livelihood Diversification, Tribal Communitas and Forest Governance

12
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Chairperson: Prof. Kaushal Kumar Sharma

Dean, School of Social Science, and Chairperson, Special Centre for the Disaster Research,
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi

Rapporteur: Dr. Krishna Das

Panellists:
1. Prof. Nupur Tiwari
TIME Chair Professor, Dr Ambedkar Chair in Social Justice Indian Institute of Public
Administration, New Delhi
12.15 PM - 01:30 PM
2. Prof. Minaketan Behera
Professor of Economics, Centre for Informal Sector and Labour Studies (CIS&LS)
School of Social Sciences, JNU New Delhi
3. Dr. Ganga Sahay Meena
Associate Professor, Indian Language Centre Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
4. Dr. Amrita Bajaj
Associate Professor, Saheed Bhagat Singh College, University of Delhi

LUNCH BREAK 01:30 AM - 02:15 PM

TECHNICAL SESSION – I
Livelihood Diversification, Sustainability and Food Security
Chairperson: Prof. Vijay Kumar Baraik
School of Sciences (SOS)
Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi
Time Co-Chair: Dr. Manjit Singh
02:15 PM - 3:45 PM Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, CUSB, Gaya
Lead Speaker: Dr. Sanjay Sharma
Assistant Professor, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, M.P.
Rapporteur: Mr. Shashank Patel

Name of the Authors Title of the Paper

Vansika Yadav and Sudip Challenges to Tribal Livelihoods and Forest Sustainability: A Case Study of the Sundarban
Dey Region of West Bengal, India
Sustainable and Eco-friendly Livestock raising practices: A case study of Gujjar & Bakarwal
Gaurav Arya
tribal groups of Jammu & Kashmir
Livelihood Challenges of the Nomadic Community in Kishtwar High Altitude National Park,
Shahid Jamal
Jammu & Kashmir
Sudip Dey and Vansika A Study of Forest Resource Dynamics and Tribal Livelihood for Sustainable Rural Development
Yadav in Puruliya District of West Bengal
Assessing the Role of Non-Timber Forest Products for Livelihoods Among Tribal Communities
Sandip Satpati
of Rarh Bengal
Shweta Rani, Heena Kumar, Role of Non- Timber Forest Products in Promoting Rural Livelihood: A way to Rural
Garima Chauhan Sustainability
Assessing the impact of non-timber forest produce (NTFP) on the livelihoods of tribal people: A
Geeta Kumari
case study of Dimapur district, Nagaland
Usha K. Pathak Livelihood Contributions of Forest Resource to the Tribal Communities of Jharkhand

13
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

TEA BREAK 03:45 PM - 04:15 PM

TECHNICAL SESSION – II
Ownership Rights and Political Economy of Tribal Communities
Chairperson & Lead Speaker: Prof. Tejbir Singh Rana,
Time Department of Geography, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, Delhi
Co-Chair: Dr. Krishna Kumar
04:15 PM - 05:30 PM School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU),New Delhi
Rapporteur: Mr. Praveen Kumar
Name of the Authors Title of the Paper
Mohd Firoz Ahamed Places of Indigenous Spatiality and Politics of Resource Extraction
Vikash Sharma, Charu Grover Conservation of the Tribal Economy: The Case of Intervention by Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya
Sharma Vikas Mission
Aarya Rohatgi, Jaffrin Shaping Sustainable Futures: The Dynamics of Nationalisation and Denationalisation of Non-
Nizami, Akshat Bundela Timber Forest Products in India
Shiwani Verma Interdependence of governance and NTFP's for tribal inclusion: through the lense of sonbhadra
Issues and Challenges of Non-Timber Forest Products for Sustaining livelihood of Tribal
Sanjeev Sharma
Community and Natural Resource Management
Roosen Kumar, Pawan 2
Climate Change and Himalayan Communities: Implications for Livelihood Diversification and
Kumar, Pratyush Kumar Singh
Dependency on Non-Timber Forest Product in District Chamoli, Uttarakhand
and Anamika Sharma
2

DAY 2 (14th OCTOBER, 2023)

TECHNICAL SESSION – III

Legal Frameworks and institutional issues; and Commercialization and Marketing of NTFPs
Chairperson: Prof. Anshu
Department of Geography, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi
Co-Chair: Dr. Karuna Shree
Time Department of Geography, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi
10:00 AM - 11:30 AM Lead Speaker: Shri Sharad Chavan
Vanvasi Kalyan Ashram, Delhi
Session Coordinator: Dr. Suman Das
Rapporteur: Dr. Sahid Jamal

Name of the Authors Title of the Paper

A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications for Linkages Between Non-Timber Forest Products

Priyanka Puri
(NTFP’s), Rural Development and Tribal Livelihood
Dipti Arora Land Rights, Mobility, Constitutional Justice and Sovereignty of the Dongaria Kondhs in India
Shashank Patel, Sandeep Rai Exploring Exclusionary Marketing Policies of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Madhya
and Swati Soni Pradesh: A Case Study on Mahua Flowers and Tendu Patta
Arya Prasad, Smriti Soni and
NTFPs Legislation and Tribal Exclusion: The Case of Bharat
Sandeep Rai

14
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Ravi Kant, Arjun Singh

Balancing Tribal Rights and Conservation of Forest: Governance and NTFPs
Kainth and Smita
Shiv Shankar Menon and Saad
Commercialization of NTFPs in North and North-East India
Makakmayum
Aatika Siddiqui, Deepanshi
Marketing Issues with Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs)
Singh
Preeti Tewari, Anshu and
Issues In Using NTFPs For Sustainable Livelihood Development
Pooja Chaudhary Mehtani
Following the Mahua Trail: Assessing the Issue of Ownership and Tribal Political Economy
Prakriti Anand, Smriti Soni
through the Case Study of Mahua Flower
Prof. Bashabi Gupta and Milu
Gender-Responsive Capacity Building through NTFP-Based Bioeconomy in Jharkhand
Maria Jose
TEA BREAK 11:30 PM - 12:15 PM

Plenary Session II

Legal Frameworks and institutional issues; and Commercialization and Marketing of NTFPs

Chair: Prof. Aparajita De

Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi 3

Session Coordinator: Dr. Vinod Kumar

Rapporteur: Mr. Sanjeet Kumar
Panellists:
Time 1. Prof. Bashabi Gupta
12:15 PM - 01:30 PM Department of Geography, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi
2. Dr. Phirmi Bodo
Assistant Professor, Centre for Study of Social Systems
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
3. Prof. Vivek Kumar
Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
4. Dunu Roy
Director, Hazards Centre, Delhi

LUNCH BREAK 01:30 PM - 02:30 PM

VALEDICTORY SESSION

Session Coordinator: Ms. Kanchana Narasimhan and Dr. M. B. Ali

02:30 PM - 04:00 PM
Technical In-charge: Mr. Sahil Antil and Mr. Nitesh Kumar
02:30 PM - 02:35 PM Invocation, Lighting of Lamp, Saraswati Vandana and Welcome of Guests
Principal & Patron’s Address:
02:35 PM - 02:40 PM
Prof. Dinesh Khattar, Principal, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, New Delhi
02:40 PM - 02:50 PM Summary of the conference by Convener: Dr. Jeetesh Rai

15
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Address by Guest of Honour: Shri Sharad Chavan

Vanvasi Kalyan Ashram, Delhi
02:50 PM - 03:05 PM
Shri Ashwani Kumar Chand, IPS
Resident Commissioner, Government of Sikkim, New Delhi

03:05 PM - 03:20 PM Keynote Speaker: Prof. Kaushal Kumar Sharma, Dean, School of Social Science, and
Chairperson, Special Center for the Disaster Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi

03:20 PM - 03:30 PM Address by Distinguished Guest: Dr. Shyam Sunder Agrawal (IAS Retd.), Former Secretary,
NDMA & Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India

Address by Chief Guest: Prof. Balaram Pani

03:30 PM - 03:45 PM
Dean of Colleges, University of Delhi, Delhi
03:45 PM - 03:50 PM Vote of Thanks by the Organising Secretary: Dr. Vijendra Kumar Pandey
National Anthem

16
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Issues and Challenges of Non-Timber Forest Products for Sustaining livelihood of Tribal
Community and Natural Resource Management
Dr. Sanjeev Sharma
Associate Professor
Centre for the. Study of Regional Development, School of Social Sciences
Jawaharlal Nehru University- New Delhi -11 067
Email: [email protected]; Mobile: +91 9418613054

Historically, the relationship between tribal communities in India and forests was characterised by co-
existence, and these communities were considered integral to the survival and sustainability of the
ecological system. This symbiotic relationship was acknowledged and crystallised as customary rights over
forest produce. In India, 8.5% of the total population are recognised as scheduled tribes (Census, 2011).
These communities are well known for their close, sustainable, symbiotic relationship with forests.
According to the Forest Survey of India report (2021), the forest cover of India is 21.71% of the total
geographical area, i.e. 7,13,789 sq km. India’s forest cover increased by 1,540 sq km. The majority of the
tribal population lives close to forested areas, and they directly depend on the forest for their sustenance
and livelihood for fuel wood, small timber for houses and agricultural instruments, fodder for livestock, and
collection of NTFPs like fruits, flowers, tubers, roots and leaves for food and medicines. The FRA, 2006,
gives the “right of ownership, access to collect, use and dispose of minor forest produce which has been
traditionally collected within or outside village boundaries”. Despite the high and direct dependence of tribal
communities, their customary rights were not recognised by the Indian Government. The policies for the
tribal and forest-dwelling communities have been exclusionary and exploitative in pre- and post-
independent India.
In the tribal region, the occupation of native communities is the collection, local marketing and exportation
of Minor Forest Produce (MFP), which contributes significantly to meet their day-to-day requirements and
augmenting the State's economy. The focus of the present talk is to give an overview of major and minor
forest produce and their contribution to the tribal community and their economy. The power of Gram
Panchayats and ownership right of the community related to MFP as they exist on paper and in reality; the
role of middlemen, traders, Forest Department and other Officials and the relation between Panchayati Raj
Institutions (PRIs) and Forest Department about MFP; and efforts, if any, made by any authorities to
regulate collection or promote the cultivation of high-value MFP in the area. The major issues and
challenges faced by the tribal community for cultivation, harvesting, collection and marketing will be
discussed with the help of case studies and review work of distinguished scholars. At the end of talk,
various government policies and initiatives will be highlighted for balancing the forest, nature conservation
and sustaining the livelihoods of the tribal economy. Indigenous management and government-taken
management practices for extraction, regeneration and marketing will be explained with the help of some
examples and case studies.

Keywords: Non-Timber Forest Products; Forest Right Act; Schedule Tribe; Customary rights; Panchayati Raj
Institutions.

17
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

SUSTAINABLE AND ECO-FRIENDLY LIVESTOCK RAISING PRACTICES: A CASE

STUDY OF GUJJAR & BAKARWAL TRIBAL GROUPS OF JAMMU& KASHMIR
Gaurav Arya
Research Scholar
Department of Geography, Meerut College Meerut
Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh
Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Gujjar & Bakarwal are a nomadic ethnic group who have been listed as Scheduled Tribes in the Union
Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh since 1991. This is the third-largest ethnic community in
Jammu and Kashmir spread over a large area from Pir Panjal range to Zaskar located in the Himalayan
mountains of India to the Hindukush mountains of Afghanistan.Basically they
are goatherders and shepherds who seasonally migrate from one place to another with their herds. Both
the groups share the same history, culture, language, sub-caste and racial identity. Gujjar and Bakarwal are
considered as the most eco-friendly people of Jammu & Kashmir since centuries. Despite of their hard
living conditions, their adjustment with the environment in respect of their social, physical and biological
factors are welcoming and respectable in nature. These are the people who always go with nature and do
nothing which is harmful for the environment. They migrate biannually between the Himalayan pastures of
Kashmir and Ladakh in the summer and the plains and Peer-Panjal ranges of Jammu in the winter and do
not disturb the ecological balances.
These tribal groups holding the traditional cultures and systems, have also embraced the new, resulting in
sustainable ecosystems and sustainable livelihoods. They have undertaken various efforts for preserving
ecology. they thrive in dense forests and highlands for their food and fodder for their animals and remain in
equilibrium with the forests, use forests as per their needs and in return fertilize the forest soil. These tribal
communities have been depending on their goats and sheeps for their livelihoods. Their practices have not
only sustained their livelihoods but also sustained the ecology. For maintaining the ecological
balance, Goats are very helpful. They control the spread of harmful weeds as they consume major of them
without any severe ill effect on their body. Goats graze and trample the vegetation which help in good
penetration of water into the soil and also control soil erosion. Bakarwal nomads build up and maintain
watering holes and clear away dry/dead plant matter in the Jammu hills during the winters as part of their
ecological contribution to the region. Gujjar & Bakarwal follow sustainable approach to the environment in
terms of their livelihoods.
Keywords: Tribal community, Eco-friendly, Sustainable livelihoods, Ecology & Environment

18
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Livelihood Challenges of the Nomadic Community in Kishtwar High Altitude National Park,
Jammu & Kashmir
Dr Shahid Jamal
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography,
Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi – 110007
Email: [email protected]
Abstract:
The dependence of both lowland and highland populations on existing natural resources in the park will
grow by the mid-21st century. Changing nutrients, sediments and pollutants flow due to climatic and non-
climatic factors will adversely impact indigenous communities and indigenous economic sectors. Kishtwar
High Altitude National Park (KHANP) is one of them and is the seasonal home of nomadic Bakarwal
community. The community has been rearing livestock since ages, not only for food and money but also for
the personal satisfaction. The main objective of the study is to identify and analyse livelihood challenges of
the nomadic community at KHANP in Jammu & Kashmir, India. A comprehensive field survey using
purposive random sampling was conducted at KHANP. After the discussion, it was concluded that the life of
Bakarwal nomadic community is more tough, different and difficult at KHANP than in any other part of India.
Cattle rearing is their main source of livelihood, but it is no longer a profitable economic activity. Their cattle
are also struggling as there is a constant decline in the availability of feasible and accessible grazing
grounds due to anthropogenic activities. Despite all these challenges, they still work like slaves and live like
kings.
Keywords Indigenous, KHANP, Bakarwal , Livelihood, Anthropogenic

19
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Conservation of the Tribal Economy: The Case of Intervention by Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya
Vikas Mission
Vikash Sharma and Charu Grover Sharma
Research scholar
Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, New Delhi
Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
India has been at the forefront of the world development today and epitomizes the ideals of inclusiveness,
consensus and solutions that were the pivotal themes of the recently concluded G-20 conference.
However, it does not come without its share of challenges. In this regard, about 10 crore tribal population of
the country seem to be living on the edges of the mainstream of our society. Various NGOs, Central and
State Governments have been implementing numerous schemes for the socio-economic upliftment of the
tribal population. Despite concerted efforts of the various stakeholders, tribal population is still averse to
participate completely in the national economy. To bring about positive and implementable changes in the
conditions of the tribal population, Government of India has been implementing Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya
Vikas Mission (PMJVM). Herein, one of the sub-schemes is ‘Mechanism for Marketing of Minor Forest
Produce (MFP) through Minimum Support Price (MSP) and Development of Value Chain for MFP’. The
scheme has been able to provide a safety net of assured prices to the tribal MFP gatherers. Under the
scheme MSP for 87 MFPs have been notified by the Government of India. The scheme is being run by the
Nodal Departments and Implementing Agencies at the state level. The scheme also envisages the
empowerment of the local community members thereby providing much needed boost to the self-
governance mechanisms at the grassroot levels. The present work is an attempt to gauge the social impact
of PMJVM in the lives of the tribal beneficiary members.
Keywords: Inclusive Development, Social Entrepreneurship, Social Innovation, Sustainable Development,
Financial Inclusion

20
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Land Rights, Mobility, Constitutional Justice and sovereignty of the Dongaria Kondhs in
India
Dipti Arora
Research Scholar
Indian Institute of Public Administration
Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
The right to liberty of Adivasi communities is manifested through their connection to ancestral territories,
which may be either mobile or fixed. These territories not only define their identity but also facilitate the
practice of distinct livelihoods, customs, and traditions that are integral to tribal existence. The relationship
with land lies at the core of Adivasi interactions with the legal system and the Constitution, encompassing
both peasant and non-peasant communities. Conversely, land has also been the focal point for state,
private, and non-state actors, serving as a contested arena of power among various stakeholders. The
emergence of new laws, rules, and regulations elicits responses from these communities, as their
traditional daily interactions with the land have resulted in significant victories, bringing their struggles into
the judicial domain.This paper delves into constitutionalism and human rights, with a specific focus on
India's tribes and Adivasis. Using the Dongaria Kondh tribes in Niyamgiri, Odisha, as a case study, the
paper aims to shed light on the significance of mobility and the Dongaria Kondh tribes' relationship with the
land. Additionally, it discusses the roles of state and non-state stakeholders in land governance, particularly
the amendments to newly introduced forest laws. The paper seeks to examine the connections between
these legal amendments, their impact on mobility, and their implications for the sovereignty and
constitutional justice of the Dongaria Kondhs. Throughout this exploration, the objective is to uncover the
interconnections arising from collective engagements with the Constitution and the legal system concerning
Adivasi rights in India in the present context.
Keywords- Land rights, mobility, justice, sovereignty, Dongaria Kondhs

21
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Climate Change and Himalayan Communities: Implications For Livelihood Diversification

And Dependency on Non-Timber Forest Product In District Chamoli, Uttarakhand

Roosen Kumar1, Pawan Kumar2, Pratyush Kumar Singh2, Anamika Sharma4

1
Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, India
2
Jawaharlal Nehru University, India
3
Department of Social Work, University of Delhi, India
E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract:
The local climate and the style of life of those who live in the Himalayan Mountains are closely related. As a
result, every change in the climate has a big effect on how people live in the mountains, including their
utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). The effects of climate change, including changes in
NTFP availability, have been felt throughout the Himalayan region. This study examines people’s
perceptions of climatic changes and the corresponding dynamics, including the impact on NTFP collection
and usage. The estimate of land surface temperature (LST) reveals that temperatures at high altitudes
have significantly risen. The vast majority of people believe that the weather has become warmer overall
and that there have been sudden shifts in the amount of rain, affecting the growth and accessibility of
NTFPs. Significant variations in precipitation type, intensity, and duration have all been noted, influencing
the abundance and quality of NTFPs. Additionally, there is less water available, impacting the growth and
sustainability of NTFPs, and agricultural output has decreased, prompting a heightened reliance on NTFPs
for livelihood. Due to the changing environmental situation, there have been many changes made to how
people live, including a shift towards a greater dependence on NTFPs for income generation. The
importance of livelihood diversification, including the collection and sale of NTFPs, has increased as a
result. Therefore, it is crucial to identify, examine, and appreciate the dependent populations’ susceptibility
in those areas, particularly concerning their reliance on NTFPs. The results of this study show that locals
have turned to a variety of sources of income, including NTFP collection and trade, because they appear to
be aware of climatic variability and its implications. Therefore, it is essential to have a thorough
understanding of climate change and the factors that are causing it, including its impact on NTFP
availability, in order to successfully manage natural resources, particularly NTFPs, and ensure the welfare
of the local people.
Keywords: Mountains, Sustainable, Livelihood, Non-Timber Forest Products, Natural Resources,
Diversification.

22
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Role of Non-Timber Forest Products in Promoting Rural Livelihood: A way to Rural

Sustainability
Dr. ShwetaRani1 . Heena Kumar2 and Garima Chauhan3
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Dyal Singh College,
University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
2
B.Ed., Kirorimal College of Education, MDU, Baghpat Road, Sonipat, Haryana, India
3
Graduate, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Our earth comprises of different spheres like lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere that forms biosphere
which includes forests, animals, plants, humans, etc. all together in a mutual relationship to sustain a life.
Among these, forests are one of the major parts of life on earth. It provides different types of timber and
non-timber forest products. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) such as rubber, fruits, vegetables, gum,
medicines, etc. provide additional advantages of forests to its inhabitants and the rural people surrounding
the forest area. These indigenous people live their whole life in the core and periphery of forest region
taking care of forests and earning their livelihood by selling these forest products.
In contrast to timber products, the demand for non-timber forest product is less and it becomes very difficult
to make profits. In this age of industrialization, most of the forest region is cleared to set up industries (like
iron & steel industries) and these forest people are forced to work in such factories at the risk of their own
lives. They earn very little and live a miserable life. The present is based on such forest bound rural people
and the role of NTFPs in their rural livelihood. The objective of the study is to explore and unravel the role
of NTFPs in shaping and promoting rural livelihood leading to sustainability of the region. The role and
significance of NTFPs in daily life including their medical use and religious ethics is highlighted. Growth and
demand of NTFPs intermingled with traditional local practices are shown. At the end, government
organised programs and policies will be highlighted for sustainability of non-timber forest products. Some
sustainable suggestions are also discussed for conservation of forests and to promote a healthy, effective,
and rural sustainable livelihood.
Keywords: Forests, Non-Timber Forest Products, Rural Livelihood, Sustainability, Conservation.

23
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

NTFPs LEGISLATION AND TRIBAL EXCLUSION: THE CASE OF BHARAT

Arya Prasad1, Smriti Soni2, Sandeep Rai3
1
Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi
2
University of Delhi, Delhi
3
Indira Gandhi National Open University, Delhi
Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Bharat’s history is replete of instances where one can see the contrasting conflicts between the indigenous
tribal people and the rules & laws, on the never-ending issue of forest control, eventually perpetuating
injustice, inequality, and poverty. NTFPs play an imperative role in poverty alleviation and maintenance of
indigenous culture and resources. But decentralization, PRI's and many constitutional provisions lay the
basis for why we should strive for welfarism. Unfortunately, though the National Forest Policy of 1988,
specifically highlighted the prioritization of requirements of local communities than those of the industry, but
the ground reality is unseemly altered, as observed from several case studies and examinations in Bharat.
Main problem in certification of NTFPs lies in the fundamental lack of information on their production,
consumption and trade and therefore exploitation too could be seen when examined in local and village
levels as a result of the lacunae between the legislation and its proper implementation. Furthermore, the
productivity obsession since the neo-liberal consensus has benefited a small share of population in
corollary with distracting balloons that often puts issues of these tribal people at the backburner and
glosses over the social injustice and tribal exclusion. Also, Human rights violation due to absence of proper
policy guidance, awareness and lack of infrastructure is observed and hence devising ways to tackle then
becomes imperative and numerous legal articles in corollary with governmental departments have
overcome these to a certain extent.The states face the heavy irony of abundance of forest resources, and
people still live in obtuse poverty and hence our paper aims to cognize the interest of policy formers as well
as change makers to bring real life changes in the governance of NTFPs.
Keywords: NTFPs, Poverty, Exploitation, Social Policy, Human Rights

24
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Challenges to Tribal Livelihoods and Forest Sustainability: A Case Study of the Sundarban
Region of West Bengal, India
Sudip Dey and Vansika Yadav
Department Of Geography, Asutosh College
University Of Calcutta, West Bengal, India
Email: [email protected] , [email protected]

Abstract:
The destruction of virgin forests by human intervention is a major global environmental issue. By 2011, 50%
of the world's original forests have been lost, mostly in the previous 50 years (FAO, 2011). Rural livelihoods
depend heavily on the sustainable management of natural forest resources. This study aims to assess the
current status of forest resources and its contribution on socio-economic livelihood in Purulia district, West
Bengal, with the spatio-temporal changes in distribution. Unfortunately, consistently increasing number of
population and anthropogenic pressure on forests, poverty, and illiteracy (lack of awareness) towards
existing biotic resources, forest management and sustainable livelihood among large section of the local
terrain inhabitants are major hurdles as observed during the course of study. Remote sensing and GIS
techniques, census reports and primary field survey have been utilised to assess the current state and
trend of the temporal change of the forest resource. Current forest management strategies suggest that
forest resources are common resources, resulting in a lack of rural household active participation in forest
conservation practices. The prime factors of forest degradation, its consequences upon the tribal life and
the probable management strategies for conservation have also been discussed in this context. The result
of the study also indicates that very little attention has been paid to the ethno-cultural, traditional, and
environmental value of forest resources in isolated dry belts of the district. Even awareness programs on
the use and conservation of forest resources by various governmental and non-governmental organizations
are limited in the study area. Hence, to achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to involve certain
core stakeholders namely ‘local community and small-holder forestry’ into the forest resources
management practices. Policy decisions and other interventions must address the challenges facing forest
resources and rural livelihoods.

Keywords : sustainable development, NDVI, forest dwellers, rural development, tribal livelihood, location
quotient, joint forest management, Puruliya.

25
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Assessing the Role of Non-Timber Forest Products for Livelihoods Among Tribal
Communities of Rarh Bengal
Sandip Satpati
Doctoral Researcher
Centre for the Study of Regional Development (CSRD)
School of Social Sciences (SSS)
Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU)
Scopus Author ID: 57443420700
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5146-9106
Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Based on primary data in the Rarh region, research on the use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) at
the tribal household level is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine how NTFPs
contribute to tribal populations' means of livelihood in 121 Community Development Blocks in Rarh Bengal.
Both primary and secondary sources were used to obtain the data sets. A primary survey using a well-
structured questionnaire was done based on the livelihood assets map. Surveys were conducted among
150 households located throughout four sub-regions of Rarh Bengal. 150 household samples have been
taken from five districts, approximately 28 villages, and a total of 17 CD blocks. During the process of
choosing respondents, emphasis was given to the size of the landholding (large, medium, and small). A
stratified purposive random sampling was taken into consideration to achieve the goals and objectives of
the research. The study reveals that livelihood assets are gradually declining from east to west of the
region due to multidimensional physical and socio-economic factors. Tribal communities residing in regions
with strong livelihood asset bases are less dependent on NTFPs due to the availability of other
economically beneficial livelihood options and opportunities and the existence of less amount of forest
cover. Tribal people residing in the Southwestern part of the region are mostly dependent on NTFPs for
their day-to-day lives. Tribal people reported that NTFPs are no longer provided a secure livelihood option
for sustaining a meaningful living. That is why seasonal. distance migration during monsoon and winter
seasons as agricultural laborers. The study recommends that more market-oriented skill-based education
diffusion, establishment of agriculture, and forest-based small-scale industries, and recruitment on a priority
basis are needs of the hour. The results of this study have significance beyond its regional context like the
Southeast Asian context: Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaysia, etc.
Keywords: Tribal community, Livelihood options, NTFPs, Rarh region, India

26
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Following the Mahua Trail: Assessing the Issue of Ownership and Tribal Political Economy
through the Case Study of Mahua Flower
Prakriti Anand and Smriti Soni
Research Scholar
Department of History, University of Delhi
LLB, University of Delhi
Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
The question of tribal identity and ownership rights has loomed large over the politics and policy makers of
India throughout the modern period. With the advent of constitutional politics, the vision of inclusion of
tribals into mainstream politics deepened, although recent issues have shown that the road to its fulfilment
is not a straight one. In this paper, the attempt is to analyse the historically rooted issues of tribal identity
and ownership of resources, in order to understand the challenges that the national and international
community faces in the journey to a sustainable and inclusive future. Taking the case of Mahua flower, a
NTFP (non-timber forest product) which is integral to tribal economy, culture and politics, we will take a
closer look at the ways in which, even after several constitutional and legal measures, the place of tribals in
modern Indian socio-economic structure is uncertain at best. Looking at the collection, storage, trade and
commodification of Mahua flower and the multi-layered, multilinear nature of issues, we will take a closer
look at the solutions offered by scholars and experts, with a special focus on the possibility of
decentralisation of control over NTFP and other forest produce, and to the extent it can be implemented in
a country such as India.
Keywords: Political Economy, Ownership Rights, Tribal Economy, NTFP, Mahua Flower

27
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Interdependence of Governance and NTFPS for Tribal Inclusion: Through the Lense of
Sonbhadra
Shiwani Verma
Research Scholar
Centre for Indian languages
School of Language literature and culture studies
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
The contribution of sustainable forest resources to the livelihood of tribal communities of Sonbhadra district
of Uttar Pradesh is under the limelight in the presented research paper. A thorough attempt has been made
to highlight the significance of forest resources in the form of livelihood of the tribal communities of
Renukoot in Sonbhadra district through descriptive methodology. Even in the era of sustainable forest
resources specifically focusing on Non-Timber Forest Produce (NTFP's), the marginalized masses are
unaware of it and are dependent on restricted government-provided land and nearby forests for livelihood.
As a result of lack of awareness as well as specific productivity harnessing skills, the tribals of this area are
not able to utilize the non-timber forest produce properly. In the name of market, they earn a miniscule of
what they could actually get for their livelihood by going to the nearby local, middlemen dominant markets
and selling herbs, tendu leaves and datum(neem wood brush) etc. There is dire exigency of awareness and
skill development programs so to improve the stance of livelihood through agriculture and animal
husbandry as well as non-timber forest products.
Migration is also a major factor dominant in these regions, reason being lack of livelihood resources
hampering the cultural practices and displacement of indigenous. Despite being located 10 kilometers from
Rihandh Dam and only 600 meters from Varanasi-Mirzapur Highway, the irony is that this village does not
even have basic facilities like electricity and water.
Through this research paper, we aim to comprehend the viable solutions and resolutions through which the
government's attention can be drawn towards the livelihood problems of the tribal communities of this
region. Hence, enabling the government to formulate forest policy in the best interest of these tribal
communities.
Keywords: NTFPs, Sonbhadra, Employment, Sustainable Development, Tribal Livelihood

28
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Livelihood Contributions Of Forest Resource To The Tribal Communities Of Jharkhand

Dr. Usha k. Pathak
Assistant Professor
Department Of Geography, Kalindi College, DU
Email: [email protected]
Abstract:
In much of Jharkhand forests play a central role in economic, cultural and socio-political systems. The
entire lives and livelihoods of many of the state’s people revolve around forests and forestry. Non-timber
forest products (NTFPS) play an important role in supporting rural livelihoods and food security in
Jharkhand. The present study documents livelihood contributions of forest resources to the tribal
communities of bundu block in Ranchi district of Jharkhand state. The present study tries to explore the
spectrum of rural livelihood contributions of non-timber forest product (NTFP). The main objective is to
assess and analyse the contribution of NTFPS to rural livelihoods for both subsistence and commercial
uses, and to identify factors influencing the level of engagement of households. The study is based on
empirical fieldwork using both quantitative and qualitative data. A structured interview schedule was
administered to the respondents. Comparing income and employment we find that all households collect
NTFP irrespective of their income contribution; but income contribution from crop cultivation is higher than
that from NTFP. To make NTFP collection by tribals sustainable various issues and challenges need to be
addressed. The livelihood generation from forest based secondary employment in the study area was nil as
no wood-based or non-timber forest products (NTFPS) based enterprises were established. The agriculture
contributed major share (36.23%) of total household annual income followed by forest resources (25.05%),
labour (9.74%), livestock (8.86%), business/ shop (8.72%), service (6.77%) and others (4.63%). Thus, the
livelihoods promotion among tribal people needs a shift of paradigm focusing on forest resources to keep
pace with current development and future challenges in the area

Keywords: livelihoods, tribals, forest resources, non-timber forest products (NTFPS), employment, income.

29
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Assessing the impact of Non-timber forest produce (NTFP) on the livelihoods of tribal
people: A case study of Dimapur district, Nagaland
Geeta Kumari
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography,
Kalindi College, University of Delhi
E-mail- [email protected]
Abstract:
Non-timber forest produce (NTFP) plays a significant role in the livelihoods of tribal or indigenous
communities around the world and north-east India is no exception. For these communities, the benefits of
NTFP are even more pronounced due to their proximate relationship with forests and natural ecosystems.
These materials are harvested for both commercial and subsistence purposes, either on a regular basis or
as an alternative resource in emergencies. In order to ascertain these uncertainties, this paper tries to
assess the role of NTFP on the livelihoods of rural inhabitants in Dimapur district of Nagaland. Data on
NTFP usage and collection is gathered from 240 selected households. This paper also analyzes a case
study of JURULAI Self-Help Group (SHG) of Bamunpukhri village to determine how the commercialization
of the goods manufactured from NFTP enriched them and how well it served as a safety net. The results
revealed that NTFPs provide employment opportunities to unskilled and skilled labourers which is of crucial
importance to the otherwise rather stagnant rural economy in the hills of the north-eastern India. These
people depend on products from the forests as major source of food, herbs for medication and source of
income. The majority of the time, women are the ones who collect the forest products, process them, and
either sell them to support the family or use them for personal consumption. This article analyses the role of
NTFPs in livelihoods-improvement initiatives and considers recent initiatives intended to enhance their
conservation and sustainable management. The adaptive capacity of the indigenous community who
collect NTFP can be improved through effective policy implementation, institutional structures, and the
availability of timely financial aid.
Keywords: Non-timber forest produce; livelihoods; Dimapur; Self-Help Group

30
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Balancing Tribal Rights and Conservation of Forest: Governance and NTFPs

Ravi Kant, Arjun Singh Kainth and Dr. Smita
Dept. of Geography, AISS
Amity University, Noida
E-Mail: [email protected]
Abstract:
According to Majumdar, a tribe is a social group with territorial affiliation which are ruled by a chief and they
are united in language or dialect.
Tribals are communities that are historically and culturally distinct from the dominant societies in which they
live in close relationship with their traditional lands and natural resources, and sustain a unique social,
cultural, economic, and political systems.
Numerous rights are vested in indigenous people, essentially pertaining to occupation and use of their land.
They are entitled to hold and live on the forest land, under its individual or common possession for
habitation. Forests provide tribal communities with food, medicine, building materials, and other resources.
They also play an important role in tribal culture and spirituality.
NTFPs are products other than timber that are obtained from forests. They include edible fruits, nuts,
seeds, herbs spices, gums, resins etc. A large portion of the world's population recognizes their value to
rural livelihoods, still less is known, however, about how its use is affected by the status of the surrounding
landscapes.
This struggle intensifies when the ratio of demand and produce becomes disparate such as the annual
production of Sal seeds of 5 million and its demand skyrocketing up to 10 million has led to strain on the
arable land. Hence, to tackle such framework, the Indian govt. has established limitations on the collection
of NTFP until the lifespan of the plant/tree is achieved.
A region that is striving for justice is Chhattisgarh, in 2001, they advocated for conserving the bio-cultural
heritage, emphasizing on conservation of minor forest produce, monitoring of forest produce etc. This
region also introduced capacity building of local people especially the members of Village Forest and eco
development committee should form an integral part of the human resource development strategy of the
state.
Keywords : Tribal rights, forest governance, NTFP management, illegal export

31
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Commercialization of NTFPs in North And North-East India

Shiv Shankar Menon and Saad Makakmayum

Department of Geography, AISS
Amity University Noida
E-Mail: [email protected]
Abstract:
Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs), a significant provider of ecosystem services, are acknowledged for
their role in preserving forests and enhancing rural livelihoods. Market-driven commercialization and
effective management through sustainable harvesting are two opposing factors that are posing difficulties
for the growth of the NTFP industry. In order to identify promising species with a market value, carry out
value chain analyses, and manage NTFPs sustainably, it is necessary to examine regional trends in usage
patterns and community patterns of use.
Its been reported that on a total of 739 NTFP species that the inhabitants of the Kangchenjunga Landscape
utilised. But there is overlap in the distribution of these values. Only 185 species of NTFPs were employed
in India, compared to 189 species in Nepal and 166 species in Bhutan.Gymnosperms, Pteridophytes,
Fungi, Lichens , Bryophytes, and Algae were the next most abundant taxa.
In Mizoram, an inventory of non-timber forest products covering the majority of forest types was made
between 2005 and 2006. The current study produced a total of 272 species of NTFPs, including food,
fuelwood, fodder, and medicinal plants as well as fruit and nut trees. Among the numerous families,
Poaceae supplied the most genera, followed by Arecaceae.
In northeast India's Karbi Anglong District of Assam A total of 138 plant species, divided across 59 families
and 110 genera, were identified as NTFPs of one sort or another.
Despite the abundance of potential NTFPs in the Kangchenjunga Landscape, Mizoram and Karbi
Region ,little trade of NTFPs was discovered, indicating a lack of commercialization due to incomplete
market data. Despite encouraging regulatory provisions, we discovered that unsustainable harvesting and a
lack of marketing were the main obstacles to the sustainable management of the NTFPs industry in the
landscape.
Keywords: Rural Livelihoods, Regulatory Provisions, Gymnosperms, Poaceae, Sustainable, Species

32
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications for Linkages between Non-timber Forest Products

(NTFP’s), Rural Development and Tribal Livelihood
Prof. Dr. Priyanka PurI
Dept. of Geography, Miranda House
University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Email: [email protected]

Abstract:

Examinations of forestry, forest products and the population groups dependent upon them can range into
multiple categories. The derivations of these studies come from first-hand observations, literature and
secondary sources of information. While this literature forms the base of other researches by creating a
theoretical base, a methodological analysis can provide deeper insights into the concerns existing and the
ones addressed. Of particular and unmatched exploration is scrutiny through bibliometric inspection of a
topic, which is gaining increasing strength as an analytical methodology. In the present context, this is
attempted through for the NTFP’s in specific concern. The examination is then linked to the aspects of rural
development and tribal livelihoods as the extended examinations. The bibliometric study is conducted
through the popular Web of Science and Scopus databases for exact searches on- NTFP, NTFP and Rural
Development and NTFP and Tribal Livelihood respectively. The total results generated from both the
databases on the three topics totalled to 2, 847 publications (623+2,224 from Web of Science and Scopus
respectively). The highest number of publications combined on the three topics were from the Scopus
database. Least number of publications were observed on the linkages exploring NTFP’s and tribal
livelihood in both the databases while the maximum were observed on NTFP’s as a research topic in both
the databases. Further linkages have been examined through title, key words, affiliations and geographies
of publications. Distinct clustering of data was observed on the selected topics as a combination.

Key words: NTFP, Forestry, Bibliometric, World, Publications

33
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Places Of Indigenous Spatiality And Politics Of Resource Extraction

Dr. Mohd Firoz Ahamed
Aligarh Muslim university
Email : [email protected]

Abstract:
Present research aims to analyse the construction of place by indigenous communities though their
experiences. This research also observes the politics of resource extraction operated in the indigenous
spaces. How the contestation of indigenous spaces are evolved with forces of global capital agencies?
How sources of indigenous livelihood are endangered with forces of production. This paper provide the
case studies of Dongaria Khond community and the lived experiences in Niyamgiri hills of western Odissa.
This research empirically drawn the geopolitical reality of Dongaria Khond. The method of research is
theoretical and qualitative in nature. It focusses upon the narratives of place identity and encroachment by
otherselves.
Key words: space, place, indigenous, politics, resource extraction,

34
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Exploring Exclusionary Marketing Policies Of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPS) In

Madhya Pradesh: A Case Study On Mahua Flowers And Tendu Patta
Shashank Patel1 , Sandeep Rai2 and Swati Soni3
1
Assistant professor, Dept. Of Geography
Shaheed Bhagat Singh College(SBSC) University of Delhi
Email: [email protected]
2
IGNOU,
3
Dr. Hari Singh Gaur University, Sagar
Abstract:
Madhya Pradesh, renowned for its vast forest cover is blessed with abundant natural resources, including a
diverse array of non-timber forest products (NTFPS) that play a vital role in the livelihoods of forest-
dependent communities. This study delves into the intricate web of marketing policies governing NTFPS,
with a specific focus on mahua flowers (Madhuca latifolia) and tendu patta (diospyros melanoxylon), two
quintessential forest resources that have significant cultural, economic, and ecological importance in the
region.
Mahua flowers hold cultural significance for many indigenous communities in Madhya Pradesh. These
flowers are not only a source of income but also find use in traditional rituals and cuisine. Tendu Patta is
another vital NTFP used for the rolling of bidis, a cottage industry employing millions in the state. Both
these resources are deeply interwoven into the social fabric of Madhya Pradesh. However, despite these
policy interventions, numerous challenges persist. The determination of MSP by district administrations
lacks participatory approach and transparency. This opacity leads them to lower value than MSP. The
complex value chain compounds these issues, bolstering the dominance of intermediaries. These
intermediaries exploit various factors such as tribals limited knowledge of market dynamics, poor marketing
structure, poverty, institutional deficiencies at the local level, and ineffective state agencies.
Further exacerbating the situation are inadequate communication and transportation facilities, highly
segregated markets, and imbalanced bargaining power between buyers and sellers, all of which
consolidate the intermediaries’ control over the marketing of NTFPS. Consequently, these policies exhibit
exclusionary tendencies detrimental to the interests of tribal communities.
This study aims to shed light on the exclusionary aspects of existing marketing policies concerning NTFPS
and their consequences on local tribal communities.
This study employs a multidisciplinary approach, combining ethnographic fieldwork, legal analysis, and
economic assessments to comprehensively evaluate the marketing policies governing these NTFPS. It
explores how these policies impact the access, benefits, and participation of local communities in the NTFP
value chains. The research also delves into the importance of recognizing the intricate relationship between
these NTFPS and the socio-economic dynamics of Madhya Pradesh's forest regions.
Keywords: mahua flowers (madhuca latifolia), tendu patta (diospyros melanoxylon), NTFPS, intermediaries,
Madhya Pradesh

35
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Marketing Issues with Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs)

Aatika Siddiqui and Deepanshi Singh
Department of Geography (AISS)
Amity University, Uttar Pradesh
Email: [email protected]

Abstract:
Over the past few years, the market for NTFPs has increased by almost 20 percent yearly, while the market
for herbal medicines that are linked has increased by 13 to 15 percent annually.
The UN General Assembly passed the Non-Legally Binding Instrument on All Types of Forests (2007) on
December 17, 2007. The second of the four global forest objectives talks about improving the economic,
social, and environmental advantages associated with forests, especially through enhancing the livelihoods
of those who depend on them.
The study of NTFPs in India over the past few decades has primarily focused on biological aspects to
address issues like useful part, time of collection, nutritive efficiency, factors influencing NTFP production,
effects of forest management practices on yields of different NTFP, and NTFP inventory methods.
An oligopoly dominates the NTFP market in India, where there are numerous small suppliers and a few
large purchasers, having a high number of uninformed sellers and only a small number of knowledgeable
(and covert) purchasers. While the information flow from the sellers is accidental, the limitations on
information from the demand side are deliberate attempts to artificially manipulate the market price in their
favour.
Due to the disadvantages of such opaque market arrangements present to growers and collectors, they
also encourage overharvesting of natural resources in the absence of clear and trustworthy market demand
and price information.
As a result, these markets experience the following problems:
 Inadequate knowledge about the supply and demand for the things being traded
 Lack of reliable markets for collectors and growers
 Stakeholders unaware of difficulties with intellectual property rights relating to therapeutic plant
products.
 Problems with suppliers not being paid fairly due to marginal cost pricing issues for therapeutic
plants.
Keywords: Oligopoly, NTPCs, Non-Legally Binding Instrument

36
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Gender-Responsive Capacity Building through NTFP-Based Bioeconomy in Jharkhand

Bashabi Gupta1 and Milu Maria Jose2
1
Department of Geography, Miranda House
2
NERRRC, Miranda House
Abstract:
Jharkhand, state renowned for its rich biodiversity and abundant forests, is a compelling case for exploring the
transformative potential of gender-responsive capacity building within the context of NTFP-based bioeconomy
development. This research paper delves into the intricate relationship between gender, sustainable resource
management, and economic empowerment, with a specific focus on how gender inclusivity can catalyse resilient,
community-based economies in the region. Jharkhand's diverse ecosystem is home to an array of NTFPs, and these
resources have been integral to the livelihoods of indigenous and rural communities, offering not only economic
sustenance but also ecological benefits such as forest conservation and climate change mitigation.
Recognising the pivotal role women play in the NTFP bioeconomy, this research paper sheds light on the gender-
specific challenges and opportunities inherent in NTFP-based bioeconomy initiatives in Jharkhand. The paper tries to
understand how NTFPs assist in household subsistence and income generation, especially for women. The paper
tries to understand how gender-responsive capacity-building interventions have impacted women's lives and their
communities. Furthermore, the paper explores the wider implications of gender-inclusive development, including, but
not limited to, its contributions to gender equity, conservation, and community resilience.
Keywords: Community Resilience; Gender-responsive Policy; Capacity-building; NTFP; Bioeconomy

37
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

ISSUES IN USING NTFPs FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD DEVELOPMENT

Dr. Preeti Tewari1, Prof. Anshu2 and Dr. Pooja Chaudhary Mehtani3
1
Associate Professor, Department of Geography,
Shivaji College, University of Delhi
2
Professor, Department of Geography,
Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography,
Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi

Abstract:
The FAO defines NTFPs as “biological resources of plant and animal origin, harvested from natural forests,
plantations, wooded lands and trees outside forests.” From the time they emerged on the planet as hunters
and gatherers, humans have used NTFPs. A large number of tribals as well as rural inhabitants, especially
those living in and near forests, still depend on NTFPs for subsistence and income generation. It is
estimated that nearly a quarter of the income of about one billion people in different parts of the world
comes from these products. Not only do they provide food, fibre, material for construction, medicines, but
they also are an integral part of some cultures. As a result, NTFPs are being seen by governments and
development agencies as a crucial basis for development of rural communities.
This paper seeks to highlight some issues related to the use of NTFPs. The use of NTFPs is sustainable
when population densities are low, accessibility is poor, use is largely for sustenance, and traditional
regulations and restrictions are adhered to. Rise in population, increased accessibility, growing
commercialization and breakdown of traditional value systems are posing a threat to the sustainable use of
these resources because of destructive harvesting. There is often no baseline data to assess the level of
threat to them. Government control is restricted to issuing permits for collection and levying taxes. At the
same time, the collection of NTFPs does not yield high returns on labour. It is necessary, therefore, to train
NTFP collectors in scientific methods of collection and in primary processing of the products. A minimum
support price must also be fixed in order to ensure that poor and marginal communities are the real
beneficiaries.
Key words subsistence, traditional values, rural communities, tribals

38
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

Faculty Members: Department of Geography

Prof. Seema Mehra Parihar Prof. Anshu

Dr. Karuna Shree Dr. Khusro Moin Dr. Mohammad Baber Ali Ms. Kanchana Narminshan

Dr. Jeetesh Rai Dr. Vijendra Kumar Pandey Dr. Vinod Kumar Dr. Suman Das

Dr. Krishna Das Dr. Shahid Jamal Mr. Pravin Kumar Dr. Sanjeet Kumar

39
 NATIONAL SEMINAR
on
Non- Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Tribal Livelihood and Sustainable Development of Forest Development
13th - 14th October 2023

STUDENT ORGANISING TEAM

Raghunath Mondal
Sahil Antil Nishu Malik
Shruti Abhay Patel
Sanjana Mohit
Khushi Kushwaha
Shrishti Goyal
Rishu
Somil
Ritika Goel
Madhavi
Anugraha S.
Abhas

40