Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 19 views

    Hiv Counselling and Testing

    Uploaded by

    pmikey113
    This document discusses HIV testing and counseling for pregnant women. It outlines the importance of integrating HIV testing into antenatal care to identify positive patients. It describes the counseling process before and after testing, including obtaining consent, maintaining confidentiality, explaining test results, and providing referrals. Rapid tests that provide same-day results are recommended for testing in antenatal clinics. Post-test counseling is crucial for supporting all women, whether positive or negative.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Hiv Counselling and Testing

    Uploaded by

    pmikey113
    19 views8 pages
    This document discusses HIV testing and counseling for pregnant women. It outlines the importance of integrating HIV testing into antenatal care to identify positive patients. It describes the counseling process before and after testing, including obtaining consent, maintaining confidentiality, explaining test results, and providing referrals. Rapid tests that provide same-day results are recommended for testing in antenatal clinics. Post-test counseling is crucial for supporting all women, whether positive or negative.

    Original Description:

    A short Presentation on HI V Testing and Counseling

    Original Title

    HIV COUNSELLING AND TESTING

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses HIV testing and counseling for pregnant women. It outlines the importance of integrating HIV testing into antenatal care to identify positive patients. It describes the counseling process before and after testing, including obtaining consent, maintaining confidentiality, explaining test results, and providing referrals. Rapid tests that provide same-day results are recommended for testing in antenatal clinics. Post-test counseling is crucial for supporting all women, whether positive or negative.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    19 views8 pages

    Hiv Counselling and Testing

    Uploaded by

    pmikey113
    This document discusses HIV testing and counseling for pregnant women. It outlines the importance of integrating HIV testing into antenatal care to identify positive patients. It describes the counseling process before and after testing, including obtaining consent, maintaining confidentiality, explaining test results, and providing referrals. Rapid tests that provide same-day results are recommended for testing in antenatal clinics. Post-test counseling is crucial for supporting all women, whether positive or negative.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSES’ TRAINING

    SCHOOL
    COURSE: OBSTETRIC NURSING
    GROUP 14
    RESENTATION TOPIC:
    HIV TESTING AND COUNSELLING
    INDEX NUMBERS
    NAMES
    DWOMO FANUEL CHNTCAOPHN210189
    AKOSUA GLORIA OFOSUA CHNTCAOPHN210190
    OPOKUA PHILOMINA CHNTCAOPHN210191
    AKAKPO GLORIA CHNTCAOPHN210192
    AHENKORA SAMUEL CHNTCAOPHN210193
    ASARE CHRISTIANA CHNTCAOPHN210194
    KORANTENG ODOI MICHAEL CHNTCAOPHN210195
    BOISON VERA CHNTCAOPHN210196
    QUANSAH THEOPHILUS CHNTCAOPHN210198
    ASIEDU KURANCHIE CHNTCAOPHN210199
    OUROLADJO SELIMA CHNTCAOPHN210201
    POBI MICHAEL CHNTCAOPHN210202

    AMOSAH JOSEPH CHNTCAOPHN210203

    LARTEY LINDA CHNTCAORCN200174


    HIV COUNSELLING AND TESTING

    LESSON OBJECTIVES.
    • understand the integration of HIV Counselling and Testing into HIV prevention programs.
    • discuss Health providers’ role in maintaining confidentiality.
    • provide information to pregnant women about HIV testing.
    • explain the meaning of positive and negative HIV test results.
    • identify needs of the newly diagnosed HIV-positive woman.

    HIV COUNSELLING AND TESTING (CT)


    • Is vital for identifying HIV-positive persons to provide services
    • Provides an entry point to comprehensive HIV/AIDS treatment, care and support
    • Helps identify and reduce behaviors that increase HIV transmission risks
    • Becomes available to all young people and women of childbearing age and their male partners
    HIV

    COUNSELLING AND TESTING (CT)


     HIV Counselling;
    • Confidential discussion(s) between an individual and the care provider to examine HIV
    transmission risk and explore HIV testing
     HIV Testing;
    • The process that determines whether a person is infected with HIV or not.
    HIV counselling and testing;
    • It is integrated into ANC settings and is the entry point for HIV care cycle.

    GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR COUNSELLING AND TESTING


     Information on HIV status kept private
     Information shared only with providers directly involved in care—and only on a “need to
    know” basis
     Medical records kept in safe place
    GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR COUNSELLING AND TESTING GUIDING
    PRINCIPLES (CONTD.)
     Pre-test Group education
    • Informed Consent
    • Identifies:
    • Purpose of testing and processes involved
    • Benefits and risks of testing
    • Available treatment and support
    • Respects individual’s autonomy and right to confidentiality

    GUIDING PRINCIPLES (CONTD.)


    • Post-test support and services
    • Always give results in person
    • Provide appropriate post-test information
    • Offer counselling and referral

    PRE-TEST INFORMATION
    Group/individual education in;
     Relevant HIV and AIDS information
     Transmission and prevention
     STIs and HIV
     MTCT and its prevention
     HIV testing and test result interpretation
     Implications of both positive and negative results
     Benefits and risks of HIV testing
     Individual counselling and risk assessment
     Identification of supportive services
     Privacy and Confidentiality Selection of the HIV Test
    SELECTION OF THE HIV TEST
    • Is site-specific based on:
    – Availability of supplies and laboratory support
    – Availability of trained personnel
    – Evaluation of specific tests in the country
    – Costs

    THE TESTING PROCESS


    • Test sample;
     Blood, saliva, urine
    • Process the sample, on-site or in lab
    • Obtain results;
     Keep it confidential
     Method determined by clinic protocols and client
    • Provide results to client
    • Provide post-test counselling, support and referral

    THE TESTING TECHNIQUES


     Antibody testing;
     Rapid HIV test.
     ELISA

     Antigen testing and viral assays.

    WHAT IS THE “WINDOW PERIOD


    • A period of 4-6 weeks after HIV exposure when antibodies to HIV are not detectable in the
    blood
    • A person at high risk who initially tests negative should be retested at 3 months to confirm
    diagnosis.
    ELISA VS RAPID TESTS FOR HIV
    ELISA RAPID TESTS
    Sample Blood from arm Blood from finger
    prick, saliva swabs
    Lab Special equipment Limited facilities
    Result time Up to 1 week Less than 30 minutes
    Ease Trained technician Minimal training

    HIV ANTIGEN TESTS AND VIRAL ASSAYS


    • HIV antigen tests detect the presence of HIV in blood and must be done by laboratory
    personnel.
     Two Types
    1. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests detect DNA or measure RNA (viral load) in the
    blood.
    2. P24 antigen tests measure one of the proteins found in HIV.
    • Require trained personnel and specialized laboratory.

    DIAGNOSING HIV IN HIV-EXPOSED INFANT


    • ARV prophylaxis reduces but does not eliminate Mother to child transmission of HIV infection
    • Since maternal antibodies cross the placenta, antibody testing is not recommended prior to 18
    months of age
    • Infants who are breastfeeding require additional testing 6 weeks after complete cessation of
    breastfeeding
    • HIV viral assays are not used for diagnosis of HIV infection in the infant.

    POST-TEST COUNSELLING
    • Provide the woman with her HIV test result
    • Help her understand what the result means
    • Provide PPTCT essential messages when indicated
    • Provide support, information, and referral when indicated
    • Encourage risk- reducing behavior
    • Encourage disclosure and partner testing
    POST-TEST COUNSELLING
    ▪ HIV-negative;
    ▪ Review window period if indicated
    • Prevent future infection
    • Review risk with new infection
    • Educate partner and encourage partner testing

    POST-TEST COUNSELLING

    ▪ HIV-positive result;
    • Clarify understanding
    • Acknowledge feelings
    • Review benefits of knowing HIV status
    • Address immediate concerns
    • Schedule follow-up visit
    • Provides support, name and telephone number of contact person

    DISCLOSURE
    • Ensure confidentiality
    • Respect woman’s choices
    • Encourage partner testing
    • Review prevention of transmission
    • Identify support
    SUMMARY
    • Pre-test information, HIV testing, and post-test counselling should be available to all pregnant women •
    The need for pre-test counselling should be determined on an individual basis
    • The healthcare provider and the facility must maintain confidentiality of HIV status.
    • Partner testing and couples counselling should be encouraged

    Summary (contd.)
    • Rapid tests with same day results are the recommended procedure for most ANC settings.
    • Infant diagnosis is complex but important for clinical management.
    • Standard diagnosis is done by antibody test at 18 months.
    • Earlier diagnosis is possible with PCR testing.
    • Post-test counselling is important for all women, including HIV-negative women.

    You might also like