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I IN HEALTHCARE Gomes 1

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

Palenaole Gomes

COMM 2053: Technology & Culture

Northwest University

Prof. Boling

November 18, 2022

Introduction

Healthcare is an ever-changing and complex field, with new technologies and treatments

constantly being developed. AI is one of the most recent high-tech advancements to enter the

healthcare arena, and it has the potential to revolutionize the way we provide care. AI has the

potential to change healthcare in several ways, both positive and negative. On the positive side,

AI. can help to improve patient outcomes by providing personalized care and earlier disease

detection. On the negative side, AI may lead to job losses for healthcare providers and could also

be used to exploit patient data. Overall, AI has the potential to improve healthcare significantly,

but some risks need to be considered as well. The digital revolution in healthcare has already

begun, and AI will be a significant driving force behind this change. Due to the enormous

demand for treatment and care, it is difficult for physicians to provide individualized care to each

patient. However, this is where AI comes in. Using data from a patient's medical history, AI can

provide personalized recommendations for treatment and care. In addition, AI can be used to

improve disease detection and diagnosis. For example, AI-based systems are more accurate than

human doctors in detecting certain types of cancer. In the future, AI will become even more

critical in healthcare, as it will be used to develop new treatments and cures for diseases.

Notably, AI will be used to create "smart" drugs that can target specific conditions. AI will be

used to develop personalized medicine tailored to the individual patient's genetic makeup.

Ultimately, AI has the potential to transform healthcare in several ways, both positive and

negative. It is essential to consider both the potential benefits and risks of AI in healthcare to

ensure that this technology is used to benefit patients and society. Therefore, this paper will

explore how AI may be used in healthcare in the future and what this could mean for patients,

providers, and the healthcare system as a whole.

Literature Review

There is no doubt that AI is changing healthcare. From diagnosis and treatment, to care

delivery and management, AI profoundly impacts every aspect of healthcare (Allam & Dhunny,

2019). And, as AI technology evolves, its impact will only grow. A large number of research has

been conducted on AI in healthcare, and this literature assessment will summarize some of the

key findings. Allam & Dhunny (2019) provide a broad overview of AI and its potential impacts

on automation and smart cities. The study incorporates a systematic assessment searching for

beforehand steered documents to comprehend the overall possibility of AI demarcated by its

sustainability, shifting facets, and livability (Allam & Dhunny, 2019). The authors highpoint the

variations and roles that assert success in managing the presented parts or objectives of the

association to various magnitudes. The vicinity of all high-tech incorporation forms an aspect

needed to accomplish heightened functions. Concerning the culture Allam & Dhunny (2019)

identify, the authors recommend a suitable policy that intensifies knowledge usefulness to

comprehend the traditional groundwork. Every labor basis depends on the expertise that presents

primordial purposes decisive for influencing the healthcare field. The magnitudes of these

summaries offer a positive and clear-cut beginning that builds excellent sustainability and

development for different work facets (Allam & Dhunny, 2019).

Similarly, in their article Artificial Intelligence and Human Trust in Healthcare, Asan et.

al. (2020), underline the importance of human trust in different technological integrations. The

article's context relates to the psychological mechanism that offers a successful foundation for

handling human relations in the healthcare sector (Asan et. al., 2020). The authors term this an

essential function for effective management and successful handling of different work processes.

Asan et. al. (2020) also relate this to the effective handling of care services by providing an
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appropriate foundation that guarantees trust between clinicians and patients. The article's context,

therefore, offers a successful psychological mechanism that improves human relations in

different technological integrations. The study makes it possible to understand the other

functions that provide a successful foundation for handling human relations (Asan et. al., 2020).

The authors highlight the current state of the technology under discussion and its impact on

culture. It also explains the prerequisite for improving AI-based systems from different

perspectives to heighten clinicians' trust in care delivery. The study by Asan et. al. (2020)

identifies the roles of other psychological mechanisms in improving human relations. The

article's context, therefore, offers a successful foundation for handling care services by providing

an appropriate tool that guarantees trust between clinicians and patients. Asan et. al. (2020)

highlights that the successful application of AI in healthcare requires understanding how best to

use the technology. The article provides a wide-ranging synopsis of AI and its potential

presentations in healthcare. The authors also discuss the different types of AI available and their

potential benefits and risks, where they provide several case studies to illustrate how AI is used

in healthcare (Asan et.al., 2020). This article offers a valuable resource for those interested in

learning more about AI and its potential applications in healthcare.

AI is a rapidly evolving technology area with the potential to transform healthcare. As

such, it is essential to understand what AI is and how it can be used in healthcare (Davenport &

Kalakota, 2019). This article provides a valuable outline of AI and its potential applications in

healthcare. The study by Davenport & Kalakota (2019) identifies the roles played by

introducing new technologies to achieve better patient outcomes. The article's context, therefore,

offers a successful foundation for handling care services by providing an appropriate mechanism

that guarantees quality patient care. Machine learning algorithms are used to develop predictive
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disease progression models and identify patients at risk of developing certain conditions

(Davenport & Kalakota, 2019). These models can be used to support clinical decision-making

and improve care delivery. The study discusses how AI is used to develop chatbots that can

provide patients with information about their conditions and treatment options. These chatbots

can also be used to book appointments and to remind patients to take their medication. Despite

AI being a rapidly evolving technology area, some challenges still need to be addressed (Kosse

et al., 2019). These include the need for more data to train the algorithms, better integration of AI

into healthcare systems, and the need for ethical considerations to be taken into account.

However, the impending benefits of AI in healthcare are considerable, and the study highlights

how AI is being used to improve care delivery (Davenport & Kalakota, 2019).

AI's integration is crucial to trust between patients and clinicians in health care. The

future of healthcare may change how we think about disease and how to manage it (Garbuio &

Lin, 2019). AI can help clinicians identify conditions early, which is especially important given

that many diseases are asymptomatic in their early stages. AI can also help clinicians make more

informed decisions about treatments and help them better understand a patient's prognosis. A

detailed research study conducted by Garbuio & Lin (2019) showed that AI technology would

play a significant share in the future of healthcare. The study offers an apt and critical

exploration of AI-driven healthcare startups and their impact on the healthcare industry. Also, it

identifies the key issues, openings, and challenges related to AI in health care. Healthcare

providers must embrace AI technology to stay ahead of the curve and keep up with the altering

healthcare landscape. Garbuio, & Lin (2019) believe that AI technology holds a great deal of

promise for the future of healthcare and can revolutionize care delivery. The study is based on

models describing how the healthcare business works and how value is created. The authors
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offer guidelines for using AI to create value in healthcare and suggest ways to overcome the

challenges associated with its adoption. The study provides insights into how AI can be used to

improve healthcare and the potential challenges that need to be addressed to make AI a success

in healthcare. The authors believe that AI has the potential to improve healthcare by providing

early diagnosis of disease, more personalized treatments, and better management of resources.

However, they also caution that AI must be used in a way that protects patient privacy and

security and that there is a need for more research to understand the full potential of AI in

healthcare (Garbuio & Lin, 2019).

The study by Mamoshina et. al. (2018) presents a timely and critical analysis of the

congregating blockchain technology and subsequent generation AI technologies to disperse and

hasten biomedical exploration and healthcare. The study identifies the advances in AI technology

essential for dealing with the unprecedented challenges facing biomedical research and

healthcare today (Mamoshina et. al., 2018). In particular, the study highlights the need for AI

technology to provide practical tools and processes for dealing with the vast amount of data now

available, as well as the need for AI technology to provide a basis for blockchain technologies

that can present innovative clarifications for various roles or themes. The study provides a

valuable synopsis of the present-day state of AI technology and its potential impact on

biomedical research and healthcare. Mamoshina et. al. (2018) highlight the need for further

research to evaluate the possible influence of AI technology on the various aspects of biomedical

research and healthcare. For example, further research is needed to assess the impact of AI

technology on developing new treatments and therapies and the effect of AI technology on the

delivery of healthcare services. AI integrates essential biomarker development and preventative

care roles to improve patient outcomes (Mamoshina et. al., 2018).

The Future of AI in Healthcare

In this rapidly changing digital world, the healthcare sector is implementing impactful

technologies for advancing patient care (Allam & Dhunny, 2019). Among these, AI stands out as

the most promising and impactful technology. AI is used in various healthcare aspects, such as

drug development, cancer detection, and disease prediction. The use of AI in this industry is

expected to grow at a rapid pace in the coming years. Some factors driving AI's growth in

healthcare include the increasing availability of data, computing power, algorithms advances,

and the need for cost-effective and personalized healthcare (Allam & Dhunny, 2019).

AI has the prospective to change healthcare in several ways. First, AI can mine data for

insights that can improve patient care. For example, AI can identify patterns in data that can lead

to the early detection of disease and can be used to develop personalized treatments for patients

(Asan et. al., 2020). More so, AI can create medicines tailored to the individual patient's genetic

makeup and advance the competence of healthcare delivery. It’ll be able to automate

administrative tasks such as scheduling appointments and processing insurance claims. AI can

also be used to lower the cost of healthcare. For instance, AI can automate tasks that human

workers currently perform being that AI systems are critical in reducing manual errors and

improving diagnostic processes. This ensures that patients receive the best possible care (Asan

et. al., 2020). The future of AI in healthcare for drug development has already begun. We

anticipate seeing more AI-based drugs and treatments tailored to individual patients' needs in the

next few years. With the help of AI, healthcare is expected to become more personalized,

efficient, and cost-effective (Asan et. al., 2020). In the past recently, the healthcare field has

witnessed skyrocketing progress in executing robot-assisted surgeries. These surgeries are less

invasive, have shorter hospital stays, and have quick recovery time. The application of AI-
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assisted robots in the operating room has increased accuracy and efficiency in various tasks such

as suturing, knot-tying, and stitching. The use of robots in the operating room is not limited to

simple tasks but rather they are now used for complex procedures such as heart surgery and brain

surgery. In the future, we can expect more AI-assisted surgeries that are less invasive and have

shorter recovery times (Asan et. al., 2020).

In the past few years, there has been a significant increase in the number of wearable

devices equipped with sensors and AI-powered algorithms. These devices can collect a wide

range of data, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and sleep patterns (Shields et. al., 2018). The

data collected by these devices can be used to detect early signs of disease and to track the

progress of a patient's condition. In the future, we anticipate seeing more AI-powered wearable

devices capable of collecting a wide range of data. Health images are an essential source of

information for diagnosis and treatment planning. However, the interpretation of medical images

is a complex and time-consuming task. AI-powered algorithms can automatically detect and

diagnose diseases from medical images. We can expect more AI-powered algorithms capable of

automatically interpreting medical images (Allam & Dhunny, 2019).

AI is responsible for making significant changes in the field of healthcare. However,

there are both promises and risks to this technology taking over such an important industry.

Some positives include automation. AI can automate many manual tasks in healthcare (Kneuertz

et. al., 2020). This would free nurses, doctors, and other staff time to focus on more critical

studies. For example, robots can transport medications and supplies between rooms in a hospital.

Next, regarding improved accuracy, AI can help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and

treatment. For example, using data from past patients, AI can help doctors identify patterns and

trends more accurately. This would lead to better patient outcomes. Third, with improved
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efficiency, AI can help improve healthcare delivery efficiency by reducing the need for human

intervention (Kneuertz et. al., 2020). For instance, patients could be automatically scheduled for

appointments, and prescriptions could be filled without needing a doctor's visit. This would lead

to shorter wait times and lower costs. Additionally, AI can help provide better preventive care by

identifying patterns and trends indicative of a health problem. For example, AI could screen for

cancer or identify patients at risk for heart disease. This would allow for early intervention and

better patient outcomes. Another positive aspect is minimizing the general cost of running the

business. By using AI to make processes such as diagnosis and treatments more efficient, this

would decrease the overall cost of running a healthcare business. Leveraging AI can enhance

patient care as well, as it can help rapidly scan through data to identify anomalies and report

them to the concerned doctor, which would help prevent any life-threatening condition. Finally,

AI technology can aid surgeries via 3D image reconstruction and identifying the best surgical

plan. For instance, the robot can 3D print a model of the patient's heart, which would be an

invaluable tool for surgeons.

Negatives of AI in healthcare include the potential for data breaches. For example, if

patient data is stored on a blockchain, it could be hacked. This would lead to a loss of patient

privacy and could lead to identity theft (Walter, 2019). Therefore data security must be the

highest priority when implementing AI in healthcare. Another negative is the potential for job

loss. As AI automates more tasks, there will be a need for fewer human workers. This could lead

to mass layoffs and increased unemployment. On the other hand though, there’s a lost personal

approach; when a machine sees patients, they may not feel they are receiving the same level of

care as they would from a human doctor. This could lead to losing trust and confidence in the

healthcare system. Social prejudices are also another big concern. If AI is used to screen for
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diseases, it could lead to social prejudice against certain groups of people. For example, if AI is

used to screen for cancer, it could discriminate against people predisposed to the disease.

Machines usage is not all that accurate, and they can make mistakes. There is a possibility of a

defective diagnosis which might have harmful consequences (Naik et. al., 2022). Finally, there is

the potential for misuse. For instance, if AI technology is used to screen for cancer, it could be

misused to deny people health insurance. This would lead to losing access to care and could have

devastating consequences.

Conclusion

While there are some potential negatives to using AI in healthcare, the positives far

outweigh the negatives. AI has the potential to improve patient care, reduce costs, and improve

the efficiency of healthcare delivery. AI will continue to evolve and be widely used as an

assistive technology in healthcare. Data security must be the highest priority when implementing

AI in healthcare to protect patient privacy. Measures should be taken to ensure that AI does not

lead to job loss or social prejudice. When used correctly though, AI can transform healthcare for

the better. Additionally, the public should be made more aware of the paybacks and potential

threats of AI in healthcare so that they can make informed decisions about its use.
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