ENGM2032, Applied Probability and Statistics Fall 2023

Assignment #9
Due: Tuesday, Dec 05, 2023
1) The manufacturer of a certain chemical claims that the amount of the impurities in the chemical
does not exceed 4%. You, however, are suspicious about this claim, and decide to verify it. You
select 100 samples of the chemical that yield the sample mean of 4.04%. You also know from
the previous experience that the standard deviation of the concentration for the manufacturing
process in question is 0.2%. Does the data support your concerns? Test at a 95% confidence
level and report a p-value.
2) Eggs are graded according to their weight. In particular, to be considered ‘large’, an egg has to
weight at least 56 grams. There is an interest in testing the quality of grading of eggs packaged
by a certain company. Twelve eggs from a particular randomly selected container with ‘large’
eggs are weighted, and the following data is reported,
55.7, 57.2, 56.3, 56.8, 56.3, 56.9, 56.3, 54.3, 55.6, 57.5, 55.3, 57.8.
If it can be assumed that the weight of an egg is at least approximately normally distributed,
does the data suggest that there is a problem with the company’s grading process (i.e., does it
suggest that packaged eggs are actually lighter than they should be to be graded ‘large’)? Test
at a 10% significance level and report a p-value.
3) The advertised diameter of steel rods manufactured by a certain company is 50 mm. During a
routine check, five rods are selected randomly from a large lot and their diameters are measured
yielding the following values: 50.16, 50.27, 50.13, 50.22, 50.32. The diameter can be assumed
to be at least approximately normally distributed. At a 5% significance level, does the evidence
suggest that the diameter of rods manufactured by the company is not 50 mm? Report also a
p-value.
4) An air conditioning company servicing a certain machine room guarantees that the temperature
in the room stays below 20o C. Due to malfunctioning of the equipment operating in the machine
room, it is suspected that the average temperature actually exceeds 20o for more or less extended
periods of time. Seven temperature measurements are collected throughout the day and the
following temperatures are observed,
20.8, 20.2, 20.9, 21.5, 22.2, 21.2, 19.8.
Assuming that the temperature is at least approximately normally distributed,
a) can you say at a 5% significance level that the room temperature is actually above 20o C?
b) what is the (approximate) p-value for this test? What does it tell you about the conclusion
you have just made regarding the room temperature?
c) What is the probability that this test fails to reject Ho even though the true mean temperature
is 21o C?
5) A certain company is interested to compare two drill bits, A and B. The company is currently
using drill bit A but is investigating a possibility of switching to drill bit B because it is slightly
cheaper. However, the duration of the manufacturing cycle is critical to the company, and it
will consider switching to drill bit B only if such a change will result in a shorter manufacturing
cycle. To make an informed decision, the company collects seven measurements of the time
necessary to drill a hole in a steel plate of specified thickness using each of the drill bits. The
observed sample mean and sample standard deviation for drill bit A are 20.1 sec and 1.02 sec,
respectively, and for drill bit B the same parameters are 19.8 and 0.97 sec, respectively. Should
the company switch to drill bit B? Test at a 5% significance level.
ENGM2032, Applied Probability and Statistics Assignment #9 Fall 2023: pg 2

6) Two machines, 1 and 2, are used to fill plastic bottles with a net volume of 16.0 ounces. The
fill volume can be assumed to be normally distributed with standard deviations σ1 = 0.020 and
σ2 = 0.025, respectively. A quality control engineer is wondering if both machines fill to the
same net volume, on average, whether or not this volume is 16.0 ounces. A random sample of
10 bottles is taken from the output of each machine yielding the following results;

x1 = f16.03, 16.04, 16.05, 16.05, 16.02, 16.01, 15.96, 15.98, 16.02, 15.99g
x2 = f16.02, 15.97, 15.96, 16.01, 15.99, 16.03, 16.04, 16.02, 16.01, 16.00g

a) Can the engineer say that the fill volumes are significantly different? Test using α = 0.05.
b) What is the p-value for this test?
7) Consider the following data set.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 3.00 0.21 0.61 0.70 1.13 1.17

a) plot the data (y versus x). Are there any points that appear to be outliers? If there are,
circle them and label as such.
b) produce a regression of y against x. Add the regression line to the plot in a). Do you think
that the regression line captures the most important features of the data set reasonably
well?
c) using calculations at a 5% significance level, can you say that there is a significant linear
relationship between the x and y? That is, can you say with 95% confidence that y linearly
depends on x? Does this result agree with the conclusion you made in b)?
d) testing at a 5% significance level, can you say that the intercept (β0 ) is not zero? How does
this conclusion agree with the plot in b)?
e) Assume that the first data point is an outlier (e.g. the value was misrecorded). Remove the
outlier, and redo the parts b)-d). Plot the data set and both regression lines (before and after
the outlier was removed). Comment on the difference. Also comment on the difference
between the results of the tests in c) and d), if any.