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Lec 8 Unix SW Management

Linux uses package managers and software repositories to install applications, rather than downloading executable files directly from websites. Package managers make it easy to install and update applications. Each Linux distribution hosts its own software repositories containing packages compiled specifically for that distribution. Users typically install applications by searching for them in a package manager like Ubuntu Software Center or Synaptic and clicking install, or by using apt commands from the terminal.

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14 views21 pages

Lec 8 Unix SW Management

Linux uses package managers and software repositories to install applications, rather than downloading executable files directly from websites. Package managers make it easy to install and update applications. Each Linux distribution hosts its own software repositories containing packages compiled specifically for that distribution. Users typically install applications by searching for them in a package manager like Ubuntu Software Center or Synaptic and clicking install, or by using apt commands from the terminal.

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mhmdmdyn056
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Prepared by : Eng.

Zubair Abdullah
Installing software on Linux involves package
managers and software repositories, not
downloading and running .exe files from
websites like on Windows.
While you can compile and install everything
yourself on Linux, package managers are
designed to do all the work for you. Using a
package manager makes installing and
updating software easier than on Windows.
There are a wide variety of Linux distributions
and a wide variety of package managers.
Linux is built from open-source software, which
means that each Linux distribution compiles its
own software with its desired library versions
and compilation options.
If you locate a Linux application’s website, you’ll
likely see a variety of download links for different
package formats and Linux distributions –
assuming the application’s website provides pre-
compiled versions at all.
Example: Downloading Skype Program.
• Unlike on Windows, where applications come
in .exe installer files that can do anything they
like to the system, Linux uses special package
formats. There are a variety of package types
– most notably DEB on Debian and Ubuntu
and RPM on Fedora, Red Hat, and others.
These packages are essentially archives
containing a list of files.
Repositories are large store of packages, you might
call them software libraries.
Usually are located online ,but they can also be on
CD/DVD or memory stick.
Linux users don’t normally download and install
applications from the applications’ websites, like
Windows users do.
 Instead, each Linux distribution hosts their own
software repositories.
These repositories contain software packages
specially compiled for each Linux distribution and
version.
• Main : Canonical – Supported open source
software.
• Universe : Community maintained open
source software.
• Restricted : Proprietary drivers for devices
(wireless – graphic).
• Multiverse : Software restricted by copy-right
or legal issues.
• There are two ways to manage software on
Ubuntu:
- Simple: using Ubuntu software
center and synaptic package manager
- Advance: using commands.
• Simple way:
Ubuntu Software Center: the Ubuntu Software
Center is a graphical utility for package
management in Ubuntu.
- You can find it in the Applications menu as
Ubuntu Software Center.
- The Ubuntu Software Center enables you to
easily select and install a large array of applications
by using the intuitive built-in search and easy one-
click installation.
• Simple way :
Using Synaptic Package Manager:
- Synaptic looks a little like the Add/Remove
Applications window in windows.
Synaptic Package Manager
along the top right are the package selections for that category, and on the bottom right is
the Package Information window that shows information about the currently selected
package. To install or remove software, click the check box to the left of its name, and you’ll
see a menu that offers the following options:
• Unmark—If you have marked this package for installation, upgrade, or one of the other
options, this option removes that mark.
• Mark for Installation—Add this package to the list that will be installed.
• Mark for Re-installation—If you have some software already installed, but for some
reason it’s not working, this option reinstalls it from scratch.
• Mark for Upgrade—If the software has updates available, this option downloads and
installs them.
• Mark for Removal—This option deletes the selected package from your system but
leaves its configuration files intact so that if you ever reinstall it you do not have to
reconfigure it.
• Mark for Complete Removal—This option deletes the selected package from your
system but also removes any configuration files, purging everything from the system.
• After you have made your changes, click the Apply button to have Synaptic download,
install, upgrade, and uninstall as necessary. If you close the program without clicking
Apply, your changes are lost.
• Advance way: by using (apt) Advance packing
tools command:
1- # apt-get install <package name>
Downloads <package> and all of its
dependencies, and installs or upgrades them.
2- # apt-get autoremove <package name>
Removes <package> and any packages that
depend on it
• Advance way: by using (apt) Advance packing
tools command:
3- # apt-get update
Updates packages, should be run at least once a day
if you install anything that day.
4- # apt-get upgrade
Upgrades all packages installed to newest versions
available.
5- # apt-get dist-upgrade
Upgrade the entire system to the newest release.
• Advance way: by using (apt) Advance packing
tools command:
6- # apt-cache search <package name>
Searches for packages
7- # apt-cache show <package>
Shows the full description of <package>.

Note: we should use (sudo) before (apt) to have


the power of super user for installing
applications in Linux. Sudo = super user do
• Example for installing and removing vlc
player in advance way :
# sudo apt-cache search vlcplayer2.1.3
# sudo apt-cache show vlcplayer2.1.3
# sudo apt-get install vlcplayer2.1.3
# sudo apt-get update vlcplayer2.1.3
# sudo apt-get autoremove vlcplayer2.1.3

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