DESIGN OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

Use M30 Concrete Grade and Fe415 steel

Clear Roadway = 7.5 m
Assume 5 T-Beams spaced = 3m
Effective span of T-Beam = 25 m
Assume 5 cross beams spaced = 5m
Clear Cover = 0.04 mm
Concrete Grade, fck = 30 N/mm2
Steel Grade, fy = 415 N/mm2
Concrete Grade of wearing coat = 22 N/mm2
Poisson's ratio of concrete, µ = 0.15
Impact factor = 1.25
σcb = 10 N/mm2
σst = 200 N/mm2
m = 9.3333333
n = 0.3181818
j = 0.8939394
Q = 1.4221763
Width of rib = 0.3 m
Overall depth of Girder = 1.575 m

LIVE LOAD:
Width of track = 0.85 m
Length of track = 3.6 m
Loading per track = 350 kN
Width of wheel = 0.15 m
Length of wheel = 0.3
Loading of wheel 1 = 62.5 kN
Loading of wheel2 = 37.5 kN

DESIGN OF DECK SLAB:

Breadth of girder = 0.3 m
Breadth of Cross beam = 0.25 m
Thickness of slab, H = 0.215 m
Thickness of wearing course, D = 0.075 m
Span in the transverse direction = 3m
Span in the longitudinal direction = 5m

Effective span in the Transverse dire= 2.7 m

Effective span in Longitudinal direct = 4.75 m

MAXIMUM B.M. DUE TO DEAD LOAD:

Weight of deck slab = 6.45 kN/m2
Weight of wearing course = 1.65 kN/m2
Total weight = 8.1 kN/m2
(Pigeaud's curves will be used to get influence coefficients to compute moments)
Ratio, K = shortspan/longspan
K = 0.5684211
1/K = 1.7592593
From Pigeaud's curve m1, m2
m1 = 0.048
m2 = 0.014

Total dead weight = 103.8825 kN

Moment along short span = 5.2045133 kNm
Moment along long span = 2.202309 kNm

MAXIMUM B.M. DUE TO IRC AA TRACK LOADING:

u = (width of wheel + 2*(depth of wearing coat + slab))
v = (length of wheel + 2*(depth of wearing coat + slab))
(Assuming the load disperse at different angle through wearing coat and deck slab)
u = 1.0228514 m
v = 3.7561583 m
u/B = 0.3788339
v/L = 0.7907702
m1 = 0.095
m2 = 0.018

Total loading per track with impact f= 437.5 kN

Effective load on the span = 345.96195 kN
Moment along shorter span = 33.800482 kNm
Moment along longer span = 11.157273 kNm

MAXIMUM B.M. DUE TO IRC AA WHEEL LOADING:

B.M. due to wheel 1:
u = 0.3690867 m
v = 0.4987234 m
u/B = 0.1366988
v/L = 0.1049944
m1 = 0.25
m2 = 0.15
Total load with impact factor = 78.125 kN
Moment along shorter span = 21.289063 kN
Moment along longer span = 14.648438 kN

B.M. due ot wheel 2:

width of wheel = 0.08 m
length of wheel = 0.15 m
u = 2.7 m
v = 0.3690867 m
u/B = 1
v/L = 0.0777025
m1 = 0.095
m2 = 0.079
Total load with impact factor = 78.125 kN
Intensity of load = 424.42592 kN/m2
Moment along shorter span = 45.192733 kNm
Moment along longer span = 39.440546 kNm

consider the area between the real and the 'dummy' load
u = 1.9 m
v = 0.3690867 m
u/B = 0.7037037
v/L = 0.0777025
m1 = 0.122
m2 = 0.105
Moment along shorter span = 36.311463 kNm
Moment along longer span = 31.251669 kNm

Net moment along short span = 4.440635 kNm

Net moment along longer span = 4.0944385 kNm

B.M. due ot wheel 3:

length of wheel = 0.15 m
u = 1.7 m
v = 0.3690867 m
u/B = 0.6296296
v/L = 0.0777025
m1 = 0.13
m2 = 0.11
Total load with impact factor = 46.875 kN
Intensity of load = 344.09983 kN/m2
Moment along shorter span = 31.630017 kNm
Moment along longer span = 27.959639 kNm

consider the area between the real and the 'dummy' load
u = 0.7 m
v = 0.3690867 m
u/B = 0.2592593
v/L = 0.0777025
m1 = 0.195
m2 = 0.185
Moment along shorter span = 19.802892 kNm
Moment along longer span = 19.047226 kNm

Net moment along short span = 5.9135621 kNm

Net moment along longer span = 4.4562064 kNm

B.M. due ot wheel 4:

u = 0.4987234 m
v = 2.775 m
u/B = 0.1847124
v/L = 0.5842105
m1 = 0.135
m2 = 0.032
Total load with impact factor = 78.125 kN
Intensity of load = 424.42592 kN/m2
Moment along shorter span = 82.116755 kNm
Moment along longer span = 30.69099 kNm

consider the area between the real and the 'dummy' load
u = 0.4987234 m
v = 2.025 m
u/B = 0.1847124
v/L = 0.4263158
m1 = 0.16
m2 = 0.048
Moment along shorter span = 71.66761 kNm
Moment along longer span = 30.86165 kNm

Net moment along short span = 5.2245726 kNm

Net moment along longer span = -0.08533 kNm

B.M. due to wheel 5:

Net moment along short span = 3.1347 kNm
Net moment along longer span = -0.0512 kNm

B.M. due to wheel 5:

Net moment along short span = 4.1769 kNm
Net moment along longer span = -0.06822 kNm

Total B.M. due to all wheels on the span:

Total B.M. along short span = 44.179432 kNm
Total B.M. along longert span = 62.520208 kNm

DESIGN BENDING MOMENT:

As the wheel load give the maximum monent in both long and short span
To allow for continuity, the computed moments are multiplied by a factor 0.8.
Design B.M. along short span = 39.507156 kNm
Design B.M. along long span = 51.778014 kNm
REINFORCEMENT:
Effective depth required = 190.80773 mm
Assuming diameter main bars = 14 mm
Effective depth provided = 168 mm

Provide a total depth of = 215 mm

Area of main reinforcement = 1347.0039 mm2

Area of transverse reinforcement = 1027.7778 mm2

Area of main bar = 154 mm

Spacing of main bar = 114.32781 mm

Spacing of transverse bar = 149.83783 mm

Provide 14mm bars with 100mm spacing as main bar

Provide 14mm bars with 150mm spacing as transverse bar

DESIGN OF CANTILEVER SLAB:

MOMENT DUE TO DEAD LOAD:

Description Load (kN) Leverarm( Moment(kNm)

Handrails 1.75 1.075 1.88125
Kerb (0.475*0.275*30) 3.91875 0.9625 3.77179687
Wearing coat (1.1*0.075*22) 1.815 0.375 0.680625
Slab (1.225*0.1*30) 3.675 0.6125 2.2509375
Slab (0.5*0.25*1.225*30) 4.59375 0.8166 3.75125625
Total moment 12.3358656

Moment due to dead load = 12.335866 kNm

MOMENT DUE TO LIVE LOAD:

Class AA load will not operate on the cantilever slab
Lever arm of live load = 0.35 m
So Class A loading is used = 57 kN
be = 1.2 x + bw
x = 0.35 m
bw = 0.25 + (2*0.0075) = 0.265 m
be = 0.685 m

Live load per m width including impa= 104.0146 kN

Maximum moment due to live load = 36.405109 kNm

CANTILEVER SLAB REINFORCEMENT:

Assuming diameter main bars = 16 mm
Assuming diameter distribution bars= 10 mm
Total moment due to dead load and =l 48.740975 kNm
Effective depth required = 185.12727 mm
Effective Depth provided = 302 mm
Area of main reinforcement = 902.71196 mm2
Area of main bar = 201.14286 mm2
Spacing of main bar = 222.82064 mm

B.M of distribution bars = 13.388706 kNm

Area of distribution reinforcement = 247.96683 mm2
Area of distribution bar = 78.571429 mm2
Spacing of main bar = 316.86266 mm

Provide 16mm main bar at 220mm spacing

Provide 10mm distr. bar at 220mm spacing

DESIGN OF INTERMEDIATE LONGITUDINAL GIRDERS:

BENDING MOMENT DUE TO DEAD LOAD:
Items Weight(kN)
Wearing course(2.5*0.075*22) 4.125
Deck slab(2.5*0.215*30) 16.125
T-rib(0.3*1.35*30) 12.15
Fillets(2*0.5*0.3*0.15*30) 1.35
Cross beams(5*2.2*1.05*0.25*30)/2 3.465
Total Weight 37.215

Maximum B.M. due to dead load = 2907.4219 kNm

BENDING MOMENT DUE TO LIVE LOAD:
Impact factor for class A loading
I = 4.5/(6+L) = 0.1451613

Live load bending moment - Courbon's method

Courbon's method is applicable only when the following conditions are satisfied:
(a) The ratio of span to width is greater than 2 but less than 4.
(b) The longitudinal beams are interconnected by symmetrically spaced cross girders of adequate s
(c) The cross girders extend to a depth of atleast 0.75 of the depth of the longitudinal girder.

No of loads in class A 4 (wheels), P = 4

No of girders = 3
e of the live load = 1.4595 m
From calculations it is found that
Reaction factor for Girder A = 2.03
Reaction factor for Girder B = 1.33
Reaction factor for Girder C = 0.78
Maximum B.M due to Live load = 2178.0515 kNm

Design B.M. = Moment due to D.L + Moment due to L.L

Design B.M. = 5085.4734 kNm

DESIGN OF SECTION:
Effective flange width for the T-beam section will be determined as per Clause 305.15.2 of IRC Bridg
Effective flange width = thickness of web + 0.2 x 0.7 x effective span
Effective flange width = 3.8 m

Allowing a distance of 120 mm from the bottom of T-beam to the centre of gravity of rods, and ass
the centre of compression to be 120 mm below the top, and allowing a stress of 180 MPa as perm
stress at the centre of gravity of the steel area, area of steel required

Assume dia of bar = 28 mm

Area of steel, Ast = 20000.455 mm2
Area of bar, ast = 615.44 mm2
provide 28mm dia of 6 nos in 4 rows at top and bottom
Provide 12mm dia of two legged stirrups at 150 mm spacing
DESIGN OF CROSS BEAMS:
Cross beams are designed using approximate method
Width of the cross beam = 250 mm
Depth of cross beam = 1000 mm
Area of reinforcement = 1250 mm2

Provide 12mm dia 5 nos of 2 rows at top and bottom as main reinforcement
Provide 12mm dia two legged stirrups at 150 mm spacing
 irders of adequate stiffness.
tudinal girder.

305.15.2 of IRC Bridge Code.

vity of rods, and assuming

of 180 MPa as permissible
 = highlighting
= editable

Interpolation
x y
0.7 2
0.71 1.981481
0.97 1.5