Past Paper Questions

1st Year after Hijrah

Q1a. Write about the Events of the first year following the Prophet’s arrival in Madinah. [10]
May/June 2013

Q2a. In Madinah, the Helpers (Ansar) and Emigrants (Muhajireen) were made brothers. Give an
account of the main developments of this relationship.1 [10] May/June 2019

Q3a. The Prophet paired Muslims from Makkah and from Madina after the migration (hijra). Give
examples to show the character of the relationship between various Emigrants and Helpers. [10]

1st Year after Hijrah

Past Paper Questions and Marking Scheme
Part ‘b’ (4 Marks Question)

1. What lessons can Muslims learn from the brotherhood that was created in Madinah?
[4] May/June 2013
Marking Scheme:

Candidates could write about the concept of sharing their wealth and family and giving up material
possessions, welcoming other people, in particular other Muslims, into their lives, creating unity,
and/or about equality. Good answers will be able to give a thoughtful answer as to the merits the
brotherhood created, and how they can be relevant to the lives of Muslims.

2. How can Muslims apply this model of brotherhood to help their communities? [4]
Examiner Report:
Most of the responses were able to get to a satisfactory level by saying how Muslims should help others around
them. General examples of helping someone in need and giving money or financial assistance to the poor were
very common. Better answers were able to give examples of community coming together to help immigrants,
showing how they can be offered shelter, financial help and moral support. It was only when an answer went
beyond a simplistic statement such as ‘Muslims should help others’, giving precise examples of how a
community could work as a united force whenever it faced any crisis or a situation that required extraordinary
measures to cope with, that higher marks were achieved.
Marking Scheme:
Muslims can help by looking to see what they can offer others. Help can be in any form, e.g., financial
assistance to poor, youth services, challenging social injustice etc. Muslims may live in areas where people
from another country have come to settle, whether it be because they are fleeing from persecution or to seek
work. Muslims can help them by finding out about them, asking if they need any help, providing
food/clothing/information and /or by helping them to integrate.

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 3. How is this brotherhood a good example for Muslim communities now? [4] Oct/Nov 2013
Marking Scheme:
Answers here should reflect upon the relationship between these two groups and write about how it
can be relevant to Muslim communities. Candidates could write about being selfless, sharing material
belongings with others (whether to friends/family or charity), or they could mention giving loyalty and
protection to others. Good answers will not only give reference to these qualities but will say how
they can help improve the Muslim community.

4. Today Muslims often seek refuge in neighboring countries. Show how the example of the
Emigrants and Helpers can still provide a model today. [4] May / June 2015
Marking Scheme:
Candidates can provide any examples that are relevant but should develop the answers they give and not
just provide statements. They could say that Muslims should look to people coming to their country and
neighbourhood from other places, especially if they have had to leave their belongings behind, e.g., from
Afghanistan or Syria, and should help provide them with food and shelter if they can. Muslims should always
look to what they have and what they can offer other people who are in need, like warm clothes in the
winter. Giving up extra items has more reward than keeping them and will create better relations in the
community.

5. How can Muslims apply the Prophet Muhammad’s example of compassion when
building community relations? [4] October/November 2019-11
Examiner Report:
Some very thoughtful responses talked about how minorities living in a society should be given
equal opportunities and religious and social freedoms, in response to this question, but most of
them made some simplistic statements about being nice to others, being kind and helping those
living around you. The candidates could get higher marks by mentioning modern multi-cultural and
multi religious societies that offer rights and liberties to all their citizens including religious freedom.
Examples from candidates’ own societies could have taken their answers to the highest levels.

Marking Scheme:
Muslims can follow the Prophet’s example and have cordial relations with minority groups in their
communities. Non-Muslims or other ethnic minorities can be offered religious and social freedom
based on the principles of ‘Charter of Madina’. Rights can also be guaranteed through law. Another
important aspect can be discouraging any discrimination against minority groups and providing them
equal opportunities to take active part in communal life. Candidates can support their points with
examples from their surroundings.

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 6. Why was it significant that one of the Prophet’s first task was to construct mosques at
Quba and Madina? [4] May/June 2016
Examiner Report:
Better answers were developed to show the significance of the construction of mosques as the
Prophet’s first task on his arrival, e.g. to show freedom of worship, to help new converts or to
demonstrate importance of worship in congregation. Most responses were descriptive, giving
details of later functions of the mosques in Madina or talking about the roles of mosques in
general.
Marking Scheme:
Despite travelling from Makka to Madina, the Prophet (pbuh) took the time to establish a mosque
at Quba, and then in Madina. This was to show the Muslims that communal worship of God was
to be the focal point of primary importance, and they should learn about their faith. Praying
together as a community was important and beneficial, so much so that building a mosque was
done before building houses. At Quba and Madina,they were free to establish prayers so it was
done as a symbol of freedom – they were now free to worship together and in the open, unlike in
Makka. Candidates can offer other answers and all relevant answers must be credited. Focus of
the question is on the reasons for construction of these mosques not the functions of mosques
in general.
Examiner Report:

7. In your opinion, what important lesson(s) can be learned from the Constitution of Madina
by Muslims today? Give rto support your answer. o [4] May/June 2022-12
Marking Scheme:
Use the AO2 Levels of Response. Candidates may include some of the following information. All other
relevant information must be credited. Candidates will select lessons; this should show their understanding.
It is important for Muslims to understand that when living with people of other faiths they should try to live
amicably and protect the rights of each other. Whether they are a minority where they live, or the majority,
they should understand the needs of others living with them and ensure they have equal rights and respect
each other’s.
Candidates can also share examples of the lessons learned from the Constitution of Madina being applied
in today’s world such as entering into agreements with other communities and nations to establish common
goals. For example, sharing resources through economic co-operation agreements or establishing peace.

8. How might Muslims today follow the example of the community in Madina to make their
own communities stronger? [4] October/November
2022-11 o
Marking Scheme:
Use the AO2 Levels of Response. Candidates can offer their own opinions, but some suggestions could
be: Muslims should try to establish a sense of brother/sisterhood in their communities, e.g. when people
move into your area you could welcome them and share food with them. If you know they are in need of a
job you can try to help them find work or offer them a job, if possible. You can try to ensure they have what
they need and give them the information they need to settle into their new surroundings.
Or, if you are moving to a new place you should get to know your neighbours and keep good relations with
them. If they do not share the same faith as you it’s important to live in harmony with those of other religions.
In return, you should not take advantage of the generosity of others, or rely on others so much that you
burden them.
 9. How can Muslims today show their brotherhood and sisterhood towards each other?
. [4] October/November 2020-12
Examiner Report:
The majority of candidates answering this question gave a list of general acts of kindness that can be
carried out by Muslims living in any community. To achieve higher levels, candidates needed to be more
specific and tell how ‘brotherhood or sisterhood’ could be practiced by giving specific examples from their
local communities at national or international level and show how Islam binds its followers in a relationship
that is stronger than any other bond as it eliminates any difference of class, colour and ethnicity.

Marking Scheme:
Muslims can show their brother/sisterhood in various ways – by visiting each other and looking to see how
they can help each other. This may be food, their time, or company if they are on their own. They can
offer to share their belongings with others, especially if they do not have much of their own. Candidates
can offer other answers but they should elaborate on their answers and give specific examples to show
how brotherhood can be practised today. Candidates can talk about brotherhood at local, national and
international level.

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 2nd Year of Hijra
Battle of Badr

Q1a. Write an account of the battle of Badr. [10] October/November 2013

Q2a. The battle of Badr took place in the second year after the Hijrah. Describe the main
events of this battle. [10] October/November 2016
Q3a. Describe the events of the first battle in Islam, the Battle of Badr. [10]
October/November 2019

Past Paper Questions, Examiner Report and Marking Scheme

Part ‘b’ (4) Marks Questions

Students are required to demonstrate understanding of their significance in the teachings of Islam and in the
lives of Muslims in part ‘b’

1. Can the Prophet’s conduct during this battle contain lesson for military leaders today?
Give reason for your answer. [4] OCT/ NOV 2013
Marking Scheme:
Candidates can agree or disagree with this statement but they have to give valid reasons as to
why they have chosen their answer.
If agreeing that there can be lessons for military leaders today, they could say e.g., that the Prophet
participated in the battles himself and leaders now may learn more or change the way that they
fight wars if they had a more active role on the battlefield.
If saying that there aren’t lessons for military leaders, candidates could perhaps say that modern
warfare is very different to that of the past and so the rules and conduct cannot be the same.
Different answers may be given but candidates must give reasons whether they agree or disagree.
The best answers showed a mature reflection on behaviour and attitude to events today rather than
just a general comment about behaviour.

2. Can those involved in present day conflicts learn any lessons from the way the Prophet
SAW treated prisoners after battles? [4] Oct/Nov 2016
Marking Scheme:
In modern day conflicts the lessons from the Prophet’s (pbuh) example are to treat prisoners of
the enemy’s side is to look after them and not humiliate them. If they have a positive use, such as
educating others, then they should be used for benefit. However, no harm should come of them.
Candidates should relate this to any modern conflict and the stories that are reported of prisoners
and how they are treated.

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 3. How important was the outcome of this battle for the Prophet (pbuh) and his followers?
Give reasons for your answer. [4] Oct/Nov 2019

Examiner Report:
Many thoughtful responses talked about several benefits of winning this battle including strengthening and
renewal of belief in God in times of need, recognition of Muslims as a force to be reckoned with,
establishment of Medina as a centre of Islam and spoils of war as a boost to the Muslim economy. Other
responses talked about this victory being the first for Muslims. Many exaggerated the benefits of winning
this battle and talked about elimination of Makkan’s power or establishment of Muslim influence all over
Arabia, which were not factually very accurate, resulting in such responses being judged as satisfactory
and placed in Level 2.

Marking Scheme:
Candidates could say: It was very important because it was the first battle that the Muslims had to fight
after the migration, and so to lose the battle may have led to a loss in confidence and belief, as well as
religious freedom. Their victory ensured they remained strong in their faith and renewed their hope in their
migration. It also gave them strength in belief that God was with them. There was an economic benefit to
the battle, as the war booty allowed a lot of the Muhajirun to become financially independent. Other relevant
answers should be credited.

4. What can the events of the Battle of Badr teach Muslims? [4] Oct/Nov 2021
o
Examiner Report:

Resolute belief in God and His assistance in times of hardships was given as the main lesson by many
candidates. Other lessons mentioned included displaying great discipline, following the leaders and
obedience to the Prophet (pbuh). Better answers were able to relate the lessons to present-day Muslims
by making some valid suggestions about behaviour based on lessons learned from this battle. Weaker
answers made only simple suggestions about what a Muslim’s conduct should be in a society.

Marking Scheme:

Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant
information must be credited. These events can tell Muslims that no matter what their circumstances they
find themselves in, they should have complete faith in God and that He will help them in their situation.
Even if things seem impossible or difficult, He is the One who can help them. It also helps Muslims
understand that they should keep hope in difficult situations, that at times when things seem lost the
outcome can change for the better. They should have confidence in their leader and keep united, as well
as being able to consult with and accept the opinion of others. Muslims should stay positive in difficult
situations and have belief in overcoming difficulties whether it be exams or illness, etc. There should be
good treatment of prisoners of war. There is also the lesson that education is important as it was used as
a ransom to allow prisoners to gain their freedom.

Note: Points mentioned in the marking scheme are given as a reference for the students.
Candidates can include their own points of view and elaborate on them for higher marks
 Battle of Uhad

Q1a. The Battle of Uhud was fought in the year 625. Describe the main events of this battle. [10]
May/June 2017
Q2a. Describe the events of the Battle of Uhad. [10] Oct/Nov 2015
Q3a. Write about the events of the Battle of Uhud fought in 625. [10] May/June 2021

Past Paper Questions and Marking Scheme

Part ‘b’ (4 Marks Question)

1. ‘Success for Muslims depends on their obedience to the Prophet.’ Discuss this
statement in relation to Muslims today. [4]

Marking Scheme:

Candidates could say that the defeat at Uhud occurred due to the fact that the archers did not
obey the Prophet’s command. They can mention this but should not focus on this point alone,
rather should go on to discuss how Muslims should obey the Prophet now. Candidates could say
that the rules and guidance of Islam is based on the Qur’an and also the sunnah and so to truly
practice Islam the way of the Prophet has to be followed.
In battle, Muslims should stick to the rules that the Prophet gave, like not harming the environment
or women and children, and this can give Muslim’s success as they are following the commands
of God, which they will be rewarded for.
In their everyday lives Muslims can obey the Prophet’s commands as to how to live their lives, in
terms of prayer, being good to people, etc., and this will make them successful in their lives as the
guidance given is all for their betterment.
Candidates could also say that following the Prophet does not make one successful nowadays
because e.g., success comes from individual’s work or their own thoughts and actions. Whatever
the candidates decide they should give reasons for their answer.

2. Why is it important for Muslims to show obedience to God in difficult situations? [4]
May/June 2017

Marking Scheme:

They could say that in difficult times, such as times of war, they should not give up hope of victory
or of ease in their situation, and that they should continue to pray and worship God and carry on
doing good deeds, because God is there for those who ask for help. Or, in times of difficulty such
as illness, God is testing how a person reacts, whether they lose hope and despair, or whether
they continue being steadfast in their faith. God says call on Me and I’ll answer you. These are
just some examples; candidates can give others but should give reasoning for their choices.
 3. What lessons might be learned from the outcome of the Battle of Uhud? [4]
May/June 2021-12

Examiner Report:
‘This battle showed that the Muslims should always follow the instruction of the Prophet (pbuh)’,
was the most popular line of argument explored by the candidates. The best responses could
relate it to the present times, for instance saying that decisions do not have to be made by leaders
on their own, and consultation with others can be beneficial. Other responses came up with more
persuasive arguments such as, that greed or longing for materialistic gains can lead to disgrace
and defeat. Weaker responses were exemplified by simplistic statements without elaboration or
exemplification.
Marking Scheme:

Use the AO2 Marking Grid Candidates may include some of the following information. All other relevant
information must be credited. Candidates may give different lessons that might be learned. The lessons
may include that Muslims should listen to and obey the orders of the Prophet (pbuh) to gain success.
Candidates could say that decisions do not have to be made by leaders on their own, and consultation with
others can be beneficial. Loyalty is important for Muslims and communities and they should stick together
in difficult times. Responses can further elaborate these ideas and where possible support them with
examples.

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 Battle of Trench

Q1a. Write about the battle of the Trench (Khandaq) fought in 627. [10] Oct/Nov 2017

Past Paper Questions and Marking Scheme

Part ‘b’ (4 Marks Question)

1. What can Muslims learn from the prophet’s involvement in the digging of the Trench? [4]

Marking Scheme:

Candidates can offer a variety of lessons but should give an explanation for their answer. The
Prophet (pbuh) was the leader of the army and yet he took part in digging the trench, despite his
severe hunger. This teaches Muslims that no matter what their position, whether heads of state or
community leaders, they should take part in hard work required for the benefit of the community
or others. It also provides a lesson in patience and perseverance, and that God will help if you
don’t give up. It also teaches humility, that you do not think yourself above certain types of work.

(The following question can be given as part ‘b’ with any battle)

2. How does his conduct in one of these battles provide a model for Muslims today when
they face difficulties? [4]

Marking Scheme:

Answers could give an account of the part played by the Prophet in the particular battle they
choose to talk about. Good answers could identify the qualities shown by the Prophet by his
actions in the battle, his reaction to danger or his enemies and draw some conclusion from it, e.g.
“Muslims today should act like this when they face an enemy”. Excellent answers could be able to
identify and discuss how these qualities can be transferred to situations today and give an example
of how Muslims may follow his way of acting. There may also be a relevant quote from Qur’an or
Hadith.

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