UNIT - III

1. List down the values in human relationship.

▪ Relationship is between the self (I) and the other self (I).
▪ There are nine feelings (values), or expectation of feelings (values) in
relationship of oneself (I) for the other self(I).
▪ These feelings (values) can be recognized.
▪ They are definite (Nine feelings), their fulfilment and evaluation lead to mutual
happiness.
Feelings (Values) in Relationships:
1. Trust. 6. Reverence
2. Respect 7. Glory
3. Affection 8. Gratitude
4. Care 9. Love
5. Guidance

2. What is justice? What are its four elements? Is it a continuous or a temporary

need?
Justice:
▪ Justice is the recognition of values (the definite feelings) in relationship, their
fulfilment, the right evaluation of the fulfilment resulting in mutual happiness.
▪ The four elements of justice are:
o Recognition of values.
o Fulfilment.
o Evaluation and
o Mutual happiness.
▪ When all the four are ensured, justice is ensured.
▪ Justice is essential in all relationships. Justice starts from family and slowly
expands to the world family. The child gets the understanding of justice in the
family. With this understanding, he/she goes out in the society and interacts
with people.
▪ Justice is a continuous need.
▪ The process of ensuring justice has been outlined in the diagram below:

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3. What is the outcome when we try to identify relationships based on the exchange
of physical facilities?
The outcome when we try to identify relationships based on the exchange of physical
facilities –
a. At the level of individual - rising problems of depression, psychological
disorders, stress, insecurity, loneliness, suicides.
b. At the level of family - breaking of joint families, mistrust, conflict between
older and younger generations, insecurity in relationships, divorce, dowry
tortures.
c. At the level of society - growing incidence of terrorism and naxalism, rising
communalism, spreading casteism, racial and ethnic struggle, wars between
nations.
d. At the level of nature - global warming, water, air, soil, noise pollution,
depletion of resources like minerals and mineral oils.

4. Define ‘trust’. How is ‘trust’ the foundation value of relationships?

▪ Trust: The feeling of trust in relationship is defined as – “To be assured that
each human being inherently wants oneself and the other to be happy and
prosperous.”
▪ Trust or Vishwas is the foundational value in relationship. It is having faith in
others and believing them.

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 ▪ Trust is the expectation of people that they can rely on our word. It is built
through integrity and consistency in relationships.
▪ Trust is the result of right understanding of the intention of all the human beings
around us. This trust helps to improve our competence in other and in ourselves.

5. “If I trust everyone, people would take undue advantage of me.” Do you agree?
Explain.
▪ I do not agree with this statement.
▪ If we trust everyone, it gives us inner strength and we become far more effective
in interacting with and dealing with different people.
▪ This is simply because, we already are sitting with the knowledge of what the
person truly wants, truly intends, even though the person may not know this
himself/herself.
▪ Hence, our ability to interact with people becomes far more effective and, in the
process, - we do not get hurt, we do not get disturbed, we end up becoming an
aid to the other.
▪ In other words, becoming aware, having the right understanding, living with the
assurance in relationship makes us more competent.

6. Define ‘affection’. How does affection lead to harmony in the family?

Affection:
▪ Affection is the feeling of being related to the other.
▪ Affection comes when I recognize that we both want to make each other happy
and both of us are similar. Then for the first time, I feel that I am related to the
other and the other is a relative of mine.
▪ The feeling of affection comes only if trust and respect are already ensured.
Without trust and respect, we feel the other is trying to make us unhappy, does
not wish well for us and hence we can never feel affection for him/her.
▪ We always see the other as being in opposition.

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7. Explain the feeling of ‘care’ and ‘guidance’.
Care:
▪ The feeling of care is the feeling to nurture and protect the body of our relative.
▪ Care is level of active concern, towards avoidance of possible dangers, pitfalls
and risks.
▪ We understand a human being as a coexistence of the self (‘I’) and the body and
the body is an instrument of ‘I’. Based on this understanding, we take the
responsibility of nurturing and protecting the body of our relatives.

Guidance:
▪ The feeling of ensuring right understanding and feelings in the other (my
relative) is called guidance.
▪ We understand the need of self (‘I’) for right understanding and feelings.
▪ We also understand that the other is similar to me in his/her faculty of natural
acceptance, desire of wanting continuous happiness and the program of living
in harmony at all the four levels.
▪ The other is also similar to me in the potential of desire, thoughts and
expectation.

8. Explain the feeling of ‘reverence’, ‘glory’ and ‘gratitude’.

Reverence:
▪ The feeling of acceptance of excellence in the other is called reverence.
▪ We understand that we aspire for continuous happiness and to realize it, we have
to understand harmony at all the levels of our living and live accordingly.
▪ When we see that the other has achieved this excellence – which means to
understand and to live in harmony at all the levels of living ensuring continuity
of happiness, we have a feeling of reverence for him/her.
▪ This feeling of accepting the excellence in the other is called reverence.

Glory:
▪ Glory is the feeling for someone who has made efforts for excellence.
▪ We find that there have been people in the history, or even around us, who are
investing their time, energy and their belongings to achieve excellence (to
understand and to live in harmony at all levels of living ensuring continuity of
happiness), to make others excellent. This gives us a feeling of glory for them.

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 Gratitude:
▪ We understand that each one of us has the same goal of continuous happiness
and prosperity.
▪ Each one of us has to work towards increasing our competence to realize our
intention and in this process, we are helped and guided by others that have the
right understanding.
▪ Gratitude is the feeling of acceptance for those who have made efforts for my
excellence.
▪ Gratitude is an emotion that occurs after people receive help, depending on how
they interpret the situation.

9. Define ‘love’. How can you say that the love is the complete value?
▪ Love: It is the feeling of being related to all. It is the emotion of strong affection
and personal attachment.
▪ Love is the complete value in human relationships, since this is the feeling of
relatedness to all human beings.
▪ It starts with identifying that one is related to the other human being (the feeling
of affection) and it slowly expands to the feeling of being related to all human
beings. The feeling of love leads to an undivided society, it starts from a family
and slowly expands to the world family in the form of love.

10. What can be the basis of an undivided society – the ‘world’ family?
▪ The feeling of being related to every human being leads to our participation in
an undivided society.
▪ By living in relationship in the family, we gain the assurance that the other
person is an aid to me and not a hinderance.
▪ With the understanding of values in human relationship, we are able to
recognize the connected ness with every individual correctly and fulfil it.
▪ On getting assured, it becomes easy to see that the society is an extension of
family and that it is possible to live in harmony with every human being, thus
laying the foundation for an individual society – from family to ‘world’ family.

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11. Right understanding in the individuals is the basis for harmony in the family,
which is the building block for harmony in the society. Give your comments
Right understanding in the individuals is the basis for harmony in the family, which is
the building block for harmony in the society.
1. The harmony in the society begins from the individual. We need to ensure right
understanding in the individual as the foundation of harmony in the society.
2. With right understanding, the need for physical facilities in the family can be ascertained.
By assessing our needs correctly and by producing more than required the family can be
prosperous.
3. Assurance of right understanding in the individuals and prosperity in the families,
understanding of human relationships leads to harmony and trust (fearlessness) in the
society. When every individual is able to live harmoniously in relationship, and the needs
of all the families are ensured, fearlessness (mutual trust) in society will naturally follow.
4. When human beings with right understanding interact with nature, it will be in
consonance with the co-existence and will be mutually enriching.
We may also understand it in the following sequence –
1. Right understanding 2. Prosperity 3. Fearlessness (trust) 4. Co-existence.

12. What is the comprehensive human goal? Explain how this is conducive to
sustainable happiness and prosperity for all.
In order to facilitate the fulfilment of the basic aspirations of all human beings in the
society, the following comprehensive human goal needs to be understood.
1. Right understanding is necessary for the human beings, for all human beings. When
one does not have the right understanding, one remains disturbed and also acts in a
manner so as to create disharmony with other human being as well as with rest of nature.
2. Prosperity is needed in every family. Prosperity in the family means that the family
is able to identify its needs and is able to produce/ achieve more than its requirements.
3. Trust in society means every member of society feels related to everyone else and
therefore there is trust and fearlessness.
4. Co-existence in nature means there is a relationship and complementarity among all
the entities in nature including human beings.
This is the comprehensive human goal.
With little exploration, we find that all four are required for human society. We are not
satisfied with anything less than this. This is the basic minimum requirement to ensure
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 sustainable happiness and prosperity. The moment we leave anyone of them out, there
will be loss of continuity, and the goal cannot be achieved.

13. What are the five dimensions of human endeavour in society conducive to
'mãnaviya vyavasthã'? Explain
Comprehensive human goals are right understanding, prosperity, fearlessness and co-
existence.
Programs needed to achieve the comprehensive human goals are:
1. Education - Right Living (Siksha - Sanskar)
2. Health - Self Regulation (Svasthya - Sanyam)
3. Justice - Preservation (Nyaya - Suraksha)
4. Production - Work (Utpadan - Kriya)
5. Exchange - Storage (Vinimaya - Kosh)
Education - Right Living: Education refers to understanding hormony at all four levels
of living. While right living refers to commitment and preparedness to live in harmony
at all four levels of living.
Health - Self Regulation: Sanyama refers to a feeling of responsibility for nurturing,
protecting and rightly utilizing the body. When the body is fit to act according to the
needs of the self ('I'), and, there is harmony among the parts of the body, it is referred
to as health or svasthya.
Justice - Preservation: Justice (nyaya) refers to harmony in the relationship between
human beings, while preservation (suraksha) refers to harmony in the relationship
between human being and the rest of nature.
Exchange - Storage: Exchange (vinimaya) refers to the exchange of physical facilities
between the members of the society, while storage (kosa) refers to the storage of
physical facilities that is left after fulfilling the needs of the family.

We can now see how these five dimensions of humanistic society are able to
ensure the human goal:

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