Studies_Number and Algebra P2 [244 marks]

1a. [3 marks]
Maegan designs a decorative glass face for a new Fine Arts Centre. The glass face is made
up of small triangular panes. The first three levels of the glass face are illustrated in the
following diagram.

The 1 st level, at the bottom of the glass face, has 5 triangular panes. The 2 nd level has 7
triangular panes, and the 3 rd level has 9 triangular panes. Each additional level has 2 more
triangular panes than the level below it.
Find the number of triangular panes in the 12 th level.

1b. [3 marks]
Show that the total number of triangular panes, Sn, in the first n levels is given by:
 2
Sn=n +4 n.

1c. [2 marks]
Hence, find the total number of panes in a glass face with 18 levels.

1d. [3 marks]
Maegan has 1000 triangular panes to build the decorative glass face and does not want it to
have any incomplete levels.
Find the maximum number of complete levels that Maegan can build.
1e. [4 marks]
Each triangular pane has an area of 1.84 m2.
Find the total area of the decorative glass face, if the maximum number of complete levels
were built. Express your area to the nearest m2.
2a. [5 marks]
Olivia’s house consists of four vertical walls and a sloping roof made from two rectangles.
The height, CD , from the ground to the base of the roof is 4.5 m.
∧ ∧
The base angles of the roof are A B C=27 ∘ and A C B=26 ∘.

The house is 10 m long and 5 m wide.

Find the length AB, giving your answer to four significant figures.
2b. [3 marks]
The length AC is approximately 2.84 m.
Find the total area of the two rectangles that make up the roof.
2c. [3 marks]
Olivia decides to put solar panels on the roof. The solar panels are fitted to both sides of the
roof.
Each panel is 1.6 m long and 0.95 m wide. All the panels must be arranged in uniform rows,
with the shorter edge of each panel parallel to AB or AC . Each panel must be at least 0.3
m from the edge of the roof and the top of the roof, AF .
Find the maximum number of complete panels that can be fitted to the whole roof.

2d. [3 marks]
Olivia estimates that the solar panels will cover an area of 29 m2.
Find the percentage error in her estimate.

2e. [2 marks]
Olivia investigates arranging the panels, such that the longer edge of each panel is parallel
to AB or AC .

State whether this new arrangement will allow Olivia to fit more solar panels to the roof.
Justify your answer.

3a. [3 marks]
John purchases a new bicycle for 880 US dollars (USD) and pays for it with a Canadian
credit card. There is a transaction fee of 4.2 % charged to John by the credit card company
to convert this purchase into Canadian dollars (CAD).
The exchange rate is 1 USD = 1.25 CAD.
Calculate, in CAD, the total amount John pays for the bicycle.

3b. [3 marks]
John insures his bicycle with a US company. The insurance company produces the following
table for the bicycle’s value during each year.

The values of the bicycle form a geometric sequence.

Find the value of the bicycle during the 5th year. Give your answer to two decimal
places.

3c. [2 marks]
Calculate, in years, when the bicycle value will be less than 50 USD.
3d. [3 marks]
During the 1st year John pays 120 USD to insure his bicycle. Each year the amount he pays
to insure his bicycle is reduced by 3.50 USD.
Find the total amount John has paid to insure his bicycle for the first 5 years.

3e. [3 marks]
John purchased the bicycle in 2008.
Justify why John should not insure his bicycle in 2019.
4a. [3 marks]
An archaeological site is to be made accessible for viewing by the public. To do this,
archaeologists built two straight paths from point A to point B and from point B to point C
as shown in the following diagram. The length of path AB is 185 m, the length of path BC is
∧
250 m, and angle A B C is 125°.

Find the distance from A to C.

4b. [3 marks]
The archaeologists plan to build two more straight paths, AD and DC. For the paths to go
∧ ∧
around the site, angle B A D is to be made equal to 85° and angle BC D is to be made equal
to 70° as shown in the following diagram.

∧
Find the size of angle B A C .
4c. [1 mark]
∧
Find the size of angle C A D .

4d. [2 marks]
∧
Find the size of angle A C D .

4e. [4 marks]
The length of path AD is 287 m.
Find the area of the region ABCD.

5a. [2 marks]
A factory packages coconut water in cone-shaped containers with a base radius of 5.2 cm
and a height of 13 cm.
Find the volume of one cone-shaped container.
5b. [2 marks]
Find the slant height of the cone-shaped container.

5c. [3 marks]
Show that the total surface area of the cone-shaped container is 314 cm 2, correct to three
significant figures.

5d. [4 marks]
The factory designers are currently investigating whether a cone-shaped container can be
replaced with a cylinder-shaped container with the same radius and the same total surface
area.
Find the height, h , of this cylinder-shaped container.
5e. [4 marks]
The factory director wants to increase the volume of coconut water sold per container.
State whether or not they should replace the cone-shaped containers with cylinder-shaped
containers. Justify your conclusion.
6a. [1 mark]
On her first day in a hospital, Kiri receives u1 milligrams (mg) of a therapeutic drug. The
amount of the drug Kiri receives increases by the same amount, d , each day. On the seventh
day, she receives 21 mg of the drug, and on the eleventh day she receives 29 mg.
Write down an equation, in terms of u1 and d , for the amount of the drug that she
receives on the seventh day.

6b. [1 mark]
Write down an equation, in terms of u1 and d , for the amount of the drug that she receives
on the eleventh day.
6c. [2 marks]
Write down the value of d and the value of u1.

6d. [3 marks]
Kiri receives the drug for 30 days.
Calculate the total amount of the drug, in mg, that she receives.

6e. [3 marks]
Ted is also in a hospital and on his first day he receives a 20 mg antibiotic injection. The
amount of the antibiotic Ted receives decreases by 50 % each day. On the second day, Ted
receives a 10 mg antibiotic injection, on the third day he receives 5 mg, and so on.
Find the amount of antibiotic, in mg, that Ted receives on the fifth day.

6f. [3 marks]
The daily amount of antibiotic Ted receives will first be less than 0.06 mg on the k th day.
Find the value of k .

6g. [3 marks]
Hence find the total amount of antibiotic, in mg, that Ted receives during the first k days.

7a. [3 marks]
Tommaso plans to compete in a regional bicycle race after he graduates, however he needs
to buy a racing bicycle. He finds a bicycle that costs 1100 euro (EUR). Tommaso has 950
EUR and invests this money in an account that pays 5 % interest per year, compounded
monthly.
Determine the amount that he will have in his account after 3 years. Give your answer
correct to two decimal places.
7b. [3 marks]
The cost of the bicycle, C , can be modelled by C=20 x+ 1100, where x is the number of years
since Tommaso invested his money.
Find the difference between the cost of the bicycle and the amount of money in Tommaso’s
account after 3 years. Give your answer correct to two decimal places.

7c. [5 marks]
After m complete months Tommaso will, for the first time, have enough money in his
account to buy the bicycle.
Find the value of m .
8a. [1 mark]
The marks obtained by nine Mathematical Studies SL students in their projects (x) and
their final IB examination scores (y) were recorded. These data were used to determine
whether the project mark is a good predictor of the examination score. The results are
shown in the table.

Use your graphic display calculator to write down x , the mean project mark.
8b. [1 mark]
Use your graphic display calculator to write down y , the mean examination score.

8c. [2 marks]
Use your graphic display calculator to write down r , Pearson’s product–moment
correlation coefficient.

8d. [2 marks]
The equation of the regression line y on x is y = mx + c.
Find the exact value of m and of c for these data.

8e. [2 marks]
Show that the point M ( x , y ) lies on the regression line y on x.
8f. [2 marks]
A tenth student, Jerome, obtained a project mark of 17.
Use the regression line y on x to estimate Jerome’s examination score.

8g. [2 marks]
Justify whether it is valid to use the regression line y on x to estimate Jerome’s examination
score.

8h. [2 marks]
In his final IB examination Jerome scored 65.
Calculate the percentage error in Jerome’s estimated examination score.

9a. [4 marks]
27
Consider the function f ( x )= 2
−16 x , x ≠ 0.
x
Sketch the graph of y = f (x), for −4 ≤ x ≤ 3 and −50 ≤ y ≤ 100.
9b. [1 mark]
Use your graphic display calculator to find the zero of f (x).

9c. [2 marks]
Use your graphic display calculator to find the coordinates of the local minimum point.
9d. [2 marks]
Use your graphic display calculator to find the equation of the tangent to the graph of y = f
(x) at the point (–2, 38.75).
Give your answer in the form y = mx + c.

9e. [2 marks]
Sketch the graph of the function g (x) = 10x + 40 on the same axes.
9f. [2 marks]
Solve the equation f (x) = g (x).
10a. [3 marks]
Farmer Brown has built a new barn, on horizontal ground, on his farm. The barn has a
cuboid base and a triangular prism roof, as shown in the diagram.

The cuboid has a width of 10 m, a length of 16 m and a height of 5 m.

The roof has two sloping faces and two vertical and identical sides, ADE and GLF.
The face DEFL slopes at an angle of 15° to the horizontal and ED = 7 m .
Calculate the area of triangle EAD.
10b. [3 marks]
Calculate the total volume of the barn.

10c. [2 marks]
The roof was built using metal supports. Each support is made from five lengths of metal
AE, ED, AD, EM and MN, and the design is shown in the following diagram.
ED = 7 m , AD = 10 m and angle ADE = 15° .
M is the midpoint of AD.
N is the point on ED such that MN is at right angles to ED.
Calculate the length of MN.

10d. [3 marks]
Calculate the length of AE.
10e. [3 marks]
Farmer Brown believes that N is the midpoint of ED.
Show that Farmer Brown is incorrect.

10f. [4 marks]
Calculate the total length of metal required for one support.
11a. [3 marks]
Give your answers to parts (b), (c) and (d) to the nearest whole number.
Harinder has 14 000 US Dollars (USD) to invest for a period of five years. He has two
options of how to invest the money.
Option A: Invest the full amount, in USD, in a fixed deposit account in an American bank.
The account pays a nominal annual interest rate of r % , compounded yearly, for the five
years. The bank manager says that this will give Harinder a return of 17 500 USD.
Calculate the value of r.

11b. [2 marks]
Option B: Invest the full amount, in Indian Rupees (INR), in a fixed deposit account in an
Indian bank. The money must be converted from USD to INR before it is invested.
The exchange rate is 1 USD = 66.91 INR.
Calculate 14 000 USD in INR.

11c. [3 marks]
The account in the Indian bank pays a nominal annual interest rate of 5.2 % compounded
monthly.
Calculate the amount of this investment, in INR, in this account after five years.

11d. [3 marks]
Harinder chose option B. At the end of five years, Harinder converted this investment back
to USD. The exchange rate, at that time, was 1 USD = 67.16 INR.
Calculate how much more money, in USD, Harinder earned by choosing option B instead of
option A.
12a. [1 mark]
A manufacturer makes trash cans in the form of a cylinder with a hemispherical top. The
trash can has a height of 70 cm. The base radius of both the cylinder and the hemispherical
top is 20 cm.

Write down the height of the cylinder.

12b. [4 marks]
Find the total volume of the trash can.

12c. [2 marks]
A designer is asked to produce a new trash can.
The new trash can will also be in the form of a cylinder with a hemispherical top.
This trash can will have a height of H cm and a base radius of r cm.
There is a design constraint such that H + 2r = 110 cm.
The designer has to maximize the volume of the trash can.
Find the height of the cylinder, h , of the new trash can, in terms of r.

12d. [3 marks]
Show that the volume, V cm3 , of the new trash can is given by

V =110 π r .
3
12e. [2 marks]
Using your graphic display calculator, find the value of r which maximizes the value of V.

12f. [4 marks]
The designer claims that the new trash can has a capacity that is at least 40% greater than
the capacity of the original trash can.
State whether the designer’s claim is correct. Justify your answer.
13a. [3 marks]
A new café opened and during the first week their profit was $60.
The café’s profit increases by $10 every week.
Find the café’s profit during the 11th week.

13b. [3 marks]
Calculate the café’s total profit for the first 12 weeks.
13c. [3 marks]
A new tea-shop opened at the same time as the café. During the first week their profit was
also $60.
The tea-shop’s profit increases by 10 % every week.
Find the tea-shop’s profit during the 11th week.

13d. [3 marks]
Calculate the tea-shop’s total profit for the first 12 weeks.
13e. [4 marks]
In the mth week the tea-shop’s total profit exceeds the café’s total profit, for the first time
since they both opened.
Find the value of m.

14a. [5 marks]
The Tower of Pisa is well known worldwide for how it leans.
Giovanni visits the Tower and wants to investigate how much it is leaning. He draws a
diagram showing a non-right triangle, ABC.
On Giovanni’s diagram the length of AB is 56 m, the length of BC is 37 m, and angle ACB is
60°. AX is the perpendicular height from A to BC.
Use Giovanni’s diagram to show that angle ABC, the angle at which the Tower is leaning
relative to the
horizontal, is 85° to the nearest degree.
14b. [2 marks]
Use Giovanni's diagram to calculate the length of AX.

14c. [2 marks]
Use Giovanni's diagram to find the length of BX, the horizontal displacement of the Tower.

14d. [2 marks]
Giovanni’s tourist guidebook says that the actual horizontal displacement of the Tower, BX,
is 3.9 metres.
Find the percentage error on Giovanni’s diagram.

14e. [3 marks]
Giovanni adds a point D to his diagram, such that BD = 45 m, and another triangle is
formed.
Find the angle of elevation of A from D.

15a. [1 mark]
Rosa joins a club to prepare to run a marathon. During the first training session Rosa runs a
distance of 3000 metres. Each training session she increases the distance she runs by 400
metres.
Write down the distance Rosa runs in the third training session;

15b. [2 marks]
Write down the distance Rosa runs in the n th training session.
15c. [2 marks]
A marathon is 42.195 kilometres.
In the k th training session Rosa will run further than a marathon for the first time.
Find the value of k .

15d. [4 marks]
Calculate the total distance, in kilometres, Rosa runs in the first 50 training sessions.

15e. [3 marks]
Carlos joins the club to lose weight. He runs 7500 metres during the first month. The
distance he runs increases by 20% each month.
Find the distance Carlos runs in the fifth month of training.
15f. [3 marks]
Calculate the total distance Carlos runs in the first year.

16a. [2 marks]
Abdallah owns a plot of land, near the river Nile, in the form of a quadrilateral ABCD.
The lengths of the sides are AB=40 m, BC =115 m, CD=60 m , AD=84 m and angle
̂
B A D=90∘.
This information is shown on the diagram.
Show that BD=93 m correct to the nearest metre.

16b. [3 marks]
̂
Calculate angle BC D.
16c. [4 marks]
Find the area of ABCD.

16d. [2 marks]
The formula that the ancient Egyptians used to estimate the area of a quadrilateral ABCD is
(AB+CD )( AD+ BC )
area= .
4
Abdallah uses this formula to estimate the area of his plot of land.
Calculate Abdallah’s estimate for the area.

16e. [2 marks]
Find the percentage error in Abdallah’s estimate.

17a. [2 marks]
The following table shows the average body weight, x , and the average weight of the brain,
y , of seven species of mammal. Both measured in kilograms (kg).
Find the range of the average body weights for these seven species of mammal.

17b. [2 marks]
For the data from these seven species calculate r , the Pearson’s product–moment
correlation coefficient;
17c. [2 marks]
For the data from these seven species describe the correlation between the average body
weight and the average weight of the brain.

17d. [2 marks]
Write down the equation of the regression line y on x , in the form y=m x +c .

17e. [2 marks]
The average body weight of grey wolves is 36 kg.
Use your regression line to estimate the average weight of the brain of grey wolves.

17f. [2 marks]
In fact, the average weight of the brain of grey wolves is 0.120 kg.
Find the percentage error in your estimate in part (d).

17g. [2 marks]
The average body weight of mice is 0.023 kg.
State whether it is valid to use the regression line to estimate the average weight of the
brain of mice. Give a reason for your answer.
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