Sister Callista Roy

Republic of the Philippines
Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
ISO 9001:2025 CERTIFIED
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Theoretical Foundation of
Nursing
(NCM 100)
Bermido, Novelyn
Brananola, Jonette Faye
Corbadura, Jhesreel
Topics to be discussed:
Sr. Callista Roy’s Biography
Adaptation Model
Application of the model
Benefits of the model in the
modern world
Sr. Callista Roy (October 14, 1939 - present)
is a renowned nursing theorist, professor, and author known for
her pioneering work in creating the Adaptation Model of
Nursing.
Education and Career
Sister Callista Roy earned her Bachelor of Arts Major in

Nursing from Mount Saint Mary's College in Los Angeles in
1963.
She obtained her master's degree in nursing from the
University of California in 1966.
In addition to her nursing degrees, Roy pursued education in
sociology, earning a master's degree in sociology in 1973
and a doctorate in sociology in 1977 from California.
While working on her master's degree, she was
challenged by Dorothy E. Johnson in a seminar to
develop a conceptual model for nursing.
Her experiences as a pediatric nurse led her to observe
the remarkable adaptability of children to major physical
and psychological changes.
Inspired by this, Roy worked on creating an appropriate
conceptual framework for nursing.
She formulated the model's fundamental concepts
during her graduate studies at the University of
California from 1964 to 1966.
In 1968, she began implementing her model when
Mount Saint Mary's College adopted it as the
philosophical foundation of their nursing curriculum.
Roy held positions as an associate professor and
chairperson of the Department of Nursing at Mount
Saint Mary's College until 1982 and was promoted to the
rank of professor in 1983 at both Mount Saint Mary's
College and the University of Portland.
She also initiated and taught in a summer master's
program at the University of Portland.
As a Robert Wood Johnson postdoctoral fellow at the
University of California, San Francisco, from 1983 to
1985, she focused on nursing interventions for cognitive
recovery in head injuries and the influence of nursing
models on clinical decision making.
Since 1987, Roy has held the position of resident nurse
theorist at Boston College School of Nursing, where she
teaches doctoral, master's, and undergraduate students.
Works
Sister Callista Roy has a substantial body of work,

including books and journal articles, focusing on
nursing theory and other professional topics.
Her works have been translated into many
languages worldwide.
Roy and her colleagues at the Roy Adaptation
Association have reviewed and synthesized the
first 350 research projects published in English
based on her adaptation model.
Her most famous work is centered on the Roy
Adaptation Model of Nursing.
Awards and Honors
Sister Callista Roy has received numerous honors and

recognition for her significant contributions to the nursing
profession.
In 2007, she was named a Living Legend by the American
Academy of Nursing and the Massachusetts Registered
Nurses Association.
Roy is also a member of Sigma Theta Tau and received the
National Founder's Award for Excellence in Fostering
Professional Nursing Standards in 1981.
Her achievements include receiving an Honorary Doctorate
of Humane Letters from Alverno College in 1984, honorary
doctorates from Eastern Michigan University (1985), and St.
Joseph's College in Maine (1999).
She was honored with the American Journal of Nursing Book
of the Year Award for the Roy Adaptation Model Essentials.
Adaptation Model of Nursing
Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model

of Nursing was developed in 1976,
aiming to explain and define the
provision of nursing.
In this model, Roy views the individual
as a set of interrelated systems that
maintain a balance between various
stimuli.
Sr. Callista Roy’s
Adaptation
Model
Adaptation Model
it sees the individual as a set of interrelated
system who strives to maintain balance
between various stimuli
it is centered on the person as a
biopsychosocial adaptive system
Person
“Human systems have thinking and feeling

capacities, rooted in consciousness and
meaning, by which they adjust effectively to
changes in the environment and, in turn,
affect the environment.”
Environment
“The conditions, circumstances and influences

surrounding and affecting the development and
behavior of persons or groups, with particular
consideration of the mutuality of person and
health resources that includes focal, contextual
and residual stimuli.”
Classification of Stimuli
Focal - could be internal or external and immendiately

confronting the person.
Contextual - all stimuli present in the situation that

contribute to effect of focal stimuli.
Residual - a factor whose effects in the current situation are

unclear.
Health
“Health is not freedom from the

inevitability of death, disease,
unhappiness, and stress, but the ability to
cope with them in a competent way.”
Nursing
“[The goal of nursing is] the promotion of

adaptation for individuals and groups in
each of the four adaptive modes, thus
contributing to health, quality of life, and
dying with dignity.”
Internal Processes
Regulator - is a person’s physiological coping

mechanism. It’s the body’s attempt to adapt
via regulation of our bodily processes.
Cognator - is a person’s mental coping
mechanism
4 Adaptive Modes
Physiological - Physical Mode

Self - concept Group Identity
Interdependence
Role Function
Physiological-Physical Mode
Physical and chemical processes involved the function and
activities of living organism. These are the actual processes
put in motion by the regulator subsystem
The basic need of this mode is composed of the needs
associated with oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity
and rest, and protection.
The complex processes of this mode are associated with the
senses, fluid and electrolytes, neurologic function and
endocrine function.
Self - Concept
In this mode, the goal of coping is to have

sense of unity, meaning the purposefulness
in the universe, as well as the identity
integrity. This includes body image and
self-ideals.
Role Function Mode
This mode focuses on the primary, secondary, and

tertiary roles that a person occupies in the society,
and knowing where he or she stands as a member of
society.
Needs is social integrity.
Involves role development and role taking processes
Interdependence Mode
This mode focuses on attaining relational integrity

through the giving and receiving of love, respect, and
value.
This is achieved with effective communication and
relations.
Levels of Adaptation
Integrated Process
The various modes and subsystems meet the needs of the environment. These are
usually stable processes (e.g., breathing, spiritual realization, successful
relationship).
Compensatory Process
The cognator and regulator are challenged by the environment’s needs but are
working to meet the needs (e.g., grief, starting with a new job, compensatory
breathing).
Compromised Process
The modes and subsystems are not adequately meeting the environmental
challenge (e.g., hypoxia, unresolved loss, abusive relationships).
Roy's adaptation model has its significance in the modern world that can be synthesized
as follows:
Holistic Care: In today's healthcare a holistic care approach is crucial for comprehensive
patient well being considering not only the physical wellbeing but also the psychological,
social and spiritual aspects of adaptation.
Person-centered care: It is a growing trends in healthcare as it promotes individualized

care and tailoring interventions to a person's unique adaptive needs. This also enhances
patient satisfaction and outcomes.
Resilience: This model's focus on adaptation and resilience is Highly relevant, it helps
individuals and healthcare professionals better understand and support people facing
challenges.
Chronic illness management: In the Modern world wherein chronic illnesses are
prevailing, the Model's application in managing and helping patients adapt to long term
conditions is invaluable.
Nursing Education: with the help of this model
It ensures that nurses are well equipped to provide effective care in today's healthcare
landscape by shaping the approach and mindset of future nurses while in nursing
education.
Research and evidence based practice: with the continuation of this Model's influence it
has inspired research and evidence based practice, contributing to the advancement of
nursing and healthcare knowledge
To summarize Roy's adaptation model remains significant in the modern world by

promoting holistic, person centered care, enhancing resilience and guiding healthcare
professionals in the evolving healthcare needs and challenges.
Thank You

Sister Callista Roy

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Republic of the Philippines

Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology

Education and Career

Sister Callista Roy earned her Bachelor of Arts Major in

Sister Callista Roy has a substantial body of work,

Sister Callista Roy has received numerous honors and

Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model

“Human systems have thinking and feeling

“The conditions, circumstances and influences

Focal - could be internal or external and immendiately

Contextual - all stimuli present in the situation that

Residual - a factor whose effects in the current situation are

“Health is not freedom from the

“[The goal of nursing is] the promotion of

Regulator - is a person’s physiological coping

Physiological - Physical Mode

In this mode, the goal of coping is to have

This mode focuses on the primary, secondary, and

This mode focuses on attaining relational integrity

Person-centered care: It is a growing trends in healthcare as it promotes individualized

To summarize Roy's adaptation model remains significant in the modern world by

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