SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE ISSN NO: 2582-4600 VOL.
7, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v7i11.422
Design and FEA Simulation of Vehicle Suspension
System by Using ANSYS
Rashmi Paliwal Rahul Shrivastava
M.Tech Scholar Assistant Professor
Oriental Institute of Technology Oriental Institute of Technology
Bhopal, M.P., India Bhopal, M.P., India
[email protected] [email protected]Abstract: The suspension system is a combination of tires, springs, The suspension system generally consists of three main
shock absorbers, and connectors that connect the vehicle to its components: a structure that maintains the weight of the vehicle
wheels, allowing the vehicle to travel reasonably well. The primary and determines the geometry of the suspension; a spring that
goal of this research was to mitigate the suspension system's overall converts kinematic energy into potential energy; or vice versa
weight. And improve the total strength of the vehicle suspension
and a damper, a mechanical device designed to dissipate kinetic
system by using ANSYS. Calculated the total deformation and
energy [3]. Shock absorbers are hydraulic pump-type devices
equivalent stress at different loading conditions and check the
durability of the system by using the FEA method. The deployment that help manage the impact and recoil motion of the vehicle's
of FEA (finite element analysis) to analyses the fatigue life and springs and suspension. The main function of the shock absorber
stationary stress of a Vehicle Suspension System resulted in a is to ensure that the vehicle tire always remains in contact with
flexible architecture that can be utilized in Vehicle Suspension the road surface, which provides the safest vehicle brake control
Systems implementations. The current carbon alloy VSS can be and response. Fig 1 shows an example of a shock absorber used
lowered to a compact Vehicle Suspension Systems with in the vehicle suspension.
better durable capabilities and good mechanical qualities, as well as
emitting low carbon dioxide (CO2) benefits. On comparing T he The main task of the vehicle suspension is to reduce the vertical
titanium Ti-6Al-4V with Titanium Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al and cast iron, acceleration transmitted to the vehicle body (indirectly to
inside this analysis it is concluded that titanium Ti-6Al-4V passengers or loads) and thus ensure comfort directly in the lane.
outperforms than other two with regards to the material
Therefore, the objectives of the suspension system are: to
composition. Seeing as titanium Ti-6Al-4V has a greater yield stress
on comparing to titanium Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al. The cast iron and
prevent road collisions from being transmitted to the vehicle
titanium Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al have high densities while Titanium Ti-
components; protect the resident from road vibrations; to
6Al-4V has low densities . maintain vehicle stability when pitching or rolling while driving
Keywords: VSS, Finite Element Methods, Suspension System, [4].
ANSYS.
I. INTRODUCTION
The suspension system is a combination of tires, springs, shock
absorbers and connectors that connect the vehicle to the wheels
so that the vehicle can drive reasonably well. Suspension
systems are essential for both travel management and continuity
[1]. Currently, the suspension mechanism is one of the most
important elements of the automotive system, which primarily Fig. 1 an illustration of a shock absorber used in automobiles
determines the safety of the car and driving comfort. The The growing demands in terms of overall vehicle dynamics and
suspension system transfers and controls the force and reaction stability, as well as the rapid development of hybrid and electric
(static and dynamic) between the vehicle and the ground [2]. The cars, could contribute to the implementation of different
suspension system is a system of springs, fuses and links controlled suspension systems and their integration into the
between the vehicle and its wheels. It is a process that physically overall control of passenger cars [1]. Several scientists have paid
separates the body from the wheel of the car. close attention to car suspension systems, including how to
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SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE ISSN NO: 2582-4600 VOL.7, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2021
ensure the stability of suspension systems and how to improve improve the performance of modern cars. To reduce stress and
the required suspension performance, ie ride comfort, handling improve structural strength, Hyperworks adopts a topography
and suspension deflection [4, 5]. So far, many vehicle suspension optimization approach that defines a design area for a given part
models have been offered. Suspension modification requires a and creates a pattern of variable-shape stiffeners in that area to
thorough understanding of automotive suspension networks and increase stiffness.
vehicle dynamics. Keeping the wheel in contact with the road is
essential for safe vehicle movement, as the total load of the car III. OBJECTIVE
rests on the contact surfaces of the tires. Main objective of the study was reduce the total weight
of the suspension system.
II. L ITERATURE R EVIEW Improve the total strength of the vehicle suspension
system by using Ansys.
Swapnil S. Khode et al. [1] This study focuses on the finite
Calculated the total deformation and equivalent stress
element analysis of the lower triangle of the Mac-Pherson
at different loading conditions.
suspension system and its optimization under static load
calculated the factor of safety for VSS and check the
conditions. For the study, the existing design of the lower
triangle is chosen from one of the light commercial vehicles. To durability of the system by using FEA method
IV. M ETHODOLOGY
determine the distribution of strains and stresses in the
A. FEA Analysis on Vehicle Suspension System.
established design, FEA is executed. The available study aims to
minimize the weight and costs of the triangle at the lower-side Preparation of model:
by maintaining the safety aspect inside the allowable limitations.
Minimizing weight in a lower-side triangle is 17.5%. A CAD model is prepared in Catia.
Nikita Gawai et al. [2] This article explains how to optimize the
swing arm suspension system in your car model. The vehicle
model is generated in a virtual representation with the
suspension system and the analysis was performed by ANSYS.
The results of the theoretical values are validated with the values
obtained from the finite element analysis.
Christianah O. Ijagbemi et al. [3] Study reveals that in gasoline,
every gallon is burnt, 12.7 kg of carbon dioxide (CO2) is
emitted. The fuel consumption is almost linearly improves with
a decrement in the weight of a car. Thus, minimizing weight of
the vehicle results in lower fuel usage and lower carbon dioxide
(CO2) emissions, which in turn have an impact on global
Fig. 2 Catia model
warming. Car productions are faced with incrementing stringent
carbon dioxide (CO2) emission norms. They are the result of B. Steps of Working
solidity and longevity which, in the long term, reduce CO2
emissions and it is not providing positive impact on the Step 1: Gathering detailed data related to Vehicle Suspension
enviourment. This novel structure can be presented as a System.
benchmark for the automotive industry. Step 2: A model completely depending on the parameters of the
SagarDarge et al. [4] The suspension system is one of the most VSS for both cases, which are established in software CATIA
important components of the vehicle, having a direct impact on V5R20
the safety, performance, noise and style of the vehicle. The Step 3: Acquires model in Step 2 is investigated using ANSYS
suspension in automobiles or vehicles is liable for comfortable 19.
driving and maintaining safety, as the quality of suspension
supports the vehicle body and transfers all forces between the Step 4 : As a final point, the results obtained from ANSYS are
body and the road surface. Techniques for optimizing the compared.
structure under static load conditions are widely used in the
automotive industry to improve lightweight construction and
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SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE ISSN NO: 2582-4600 VOL.7, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2021
Define the • Construct the model
elements type and Modelling of the
START material Geometry • Describe substances
properties
• Creating a component mesh
2. THE MODEL CONSTRUCTION
Mesh and apply
Result Viewer Solve Boundary
Condition • Developing a strong model in Catia.
• Using a computer-aided design (CAD) mechanism to insert a
model
Save Results And
Exit
Scenario-1 Constructing Architecture Model for 1st Scenario.
Fig. 3 Setup of working
C. Finite elements analysis(FEA)
Finite element analysis (FEA) is a subdivision of fluid
mechanics that uses numerical research and data frameworks to
examine and workout on solid architecture issues. The software
ANSYS 19 was utilized for this project.
ANSYS Capabilities:
Fig. 4 CAD model arranged in Catia (base paper model)
In the field of finite element model , The following processes are
SCENARIO-2 Constructing Architecture model for 2nd
assigned with the assistance of ANSYS software:
Scenario.
To create a computer working model, elements, and transfer
CAD models of frameworks in a mechanism.
Topology optimization improves the portfolio of structural
components.
Physical reactions including level of stress, temperature
allocations, and electro-magnetic field scans should all be
investigated.
Design optimization is done to reduce production costs,
Initially in the developing procedure,
Prototype evaluation were performed in surroundings where
Fig. 5 Only one spring model arranged in Catia
this would be hard or not possible to do so or else (for
e.g, bio-medical implementations). SCENARIO-3 Constructing Architecture model for 3nd
D. Steps Of ANSYS Analysis Scenario.
The ANSYS consists of GUI graphical user interface enables
users to communicate with paperwork, program functions,
orders, and relevant materials in an user-friendly way.
Customers use a perceptive menu bar to browse via ANSYS
program. A pair of both keyboard and mouse can be used or
otherwise solely both can be used to insert information.
The various experimenting steps used by ANSYS are listed
below.
1. PRE-PROCESSOR Fig. 6 Dual spring model arranged in Catia
Preprocessor is primarily used to establish the model. Pre-
processing stages: 3. Import Geometry in ANSYS For FEA Experimenting
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SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE ISSN NO: 2582-4600 VOL.7, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2021
Density (kg/m^3) 4820
Elastic modulus (N/m2) 9.9e10
Poisson ratio 0.30
Yield strength (N/m2 ) 8.3e8
Table 2:-Titanium Properties
Fig. 7 Import Geometry in Ansys
Titanium Ti-6Al-4V
E. Creating Mesh
Figure 4.6 depicts the mesh generated in this project. The Properties Values
overall number of nodes obtained is 33685, and the
overall number of attributes is 31745. It is fairly obvious from Density (kg/m^3) 4512
the mesh topography that the node and component numbers are
somewhat seven in digits, indicating that the mesh is perfect. Elastic modulus (N/m2) 1.13e11
Poisson ratio 0.37
Yield strength (N/m2 ) 9.2e8
Table 3:-Titanium Properties
Titanium Ti-6Al-4V
Properties Values
Fig. 8 Meshing: Over-all No. of Nodes: 61915& Over-all No. components:
160624 Density (kg/m^3) 4512
F. Describing Characteristics of Substances
Elastic modulus (N/m2) 1.13e11
Cast iron characteristics
Poisson ratio 0.37
Properties Value
Yield strength (N/m2 ) 9.2e8
Density (kg/m^3) 7800
Table 4-Titanium Properties
Elastic modulus (N/m2) 2e11 Aluminum 7075-T6
Poisson ratio 0.32 Properties Values
Yield strength (N/m2 ) 2.48e8 Density (kg/m^3) 2810
Table 1.-Cast Iron Properties
Elastic modulus 7.17e+10
(N/m2)
Titanium Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al
Properties Values Poisson ratio 0.33
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SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE ISSN NO: 2582-4600 VOL.7, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2021
Yield strength 5.03e+8 Forces of around 14 kN/m2 and 2 kN/m2 were practiced to the
(N/m2 ) Vehicle Suspension System in both axial and radial orientations.
The radial force was ranged in between 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22
Table 4- Aluminum 7075-T6 Properties kN/m2 whereas the axial force stayed unchanged.
AMC225XE T4
Boundary Radial Axial
Properties Values conditions Force(kN/m2) Force(2kN/m2)
1 14 2
Density (kg/m^3) 2880 2 16 2
3 18 2
Elastic modulus (N/m2) 1.15e+10
4 20 2
Poisson ratio 0.30 5 22 2
Yield strength (N/m2 ) 4.8e+8
Table 5- AMC225XE T4Properties
Boundary Condition
1. Joints:- The amount of joints is determined by the
previous boundary condition.
Fig. 11 Describe boundary conditions
4. Describe fixed support: - Using Vehicle Suspension
System to implement rigid frame.
Fig. 9 Define Joints
2. Spring element:- Among the shock-absorbing system
plunger and the shock-absorbing tube, describe the
spring component.
Fig. 12 Rigid Frame
5. Describe loading condition: - The vehicle suspension
system (VSS) is subjected to axial and radial forces.
Fig. 10 Describe Spring component
3. Define Boundary conditions:-
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SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE ISSN NO: 2582-4600 VOL.7, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2021
Fig. 13 Loading Situation
6. Describe loading situation: - Regulator the six degree of
Graph 1 Highest von miss stress of the materials.
freedom of absorbing tube by practicing Remote
dislocation. B. 2 Cast iron outcomes in scenario 1, 2, and 3.
Fig. 14 Dislocation (Fixed translation in Y,Z direction)
7. Define material properties in ansys:-Define material
properties in ansys.
Graph 2 Highest von miss stress of the substances.
Fig. 15 Define material properties in ansys.
V. R ESULTS
A. Finite Element Analysis Research on Vehicle Suspension Graph 3 Over-all Deformation of the substances.
System (VSS).
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SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE ISSN NO: 2582-4600 VOL.7, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2021
Graph 7 Strain Energy of the substances
Graph 4 Strain Energy of the substances.
D. Titanium Ti-6Al-4V outcome in scenario 1, 2, and 3.
C. Titanium result in scenario 1, 2, and 3.
Graph 8 Maximum von miss stress of the materials.
Graph 5 Highest von miss stress of the substances.
Graph 6 Over-all Deformation of the substances. Graph 9 Total Deformation of the materials.
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SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE ISSN NO: 2582-4600 VOL.7, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2021
Graph 13 Strain Energy of the materials
Graph 10 Strain Energy of the materials
E. Aluminum 7075-T6 result in case 1, 2, and 3. F. AMC225XE T4 1,2 and 3.
Graph 14 Maximum von miss stress of the materials.
Graph 11 Maximum von miss stress of the materials.
Graph 12 Total Deformation of the materials. Graph 15 Total Deformation of the materials.
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SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE ISSN NO: 2582-4600 VOL.7, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2021
H. Factor of safety of VSS (Titanium Ti-6Al-4V result in case
1, 2, and 3.)
Graph 16 Strain Energy of the materials
Graph 19 Comparison Graph (Factor of safety of VSS)
G. Factor of safety of VSS (Titanium result in case 1, 2, and
3.)
Graph 20 Comparison Graph (Factor of safety of VSS)
Graph 17 Comparison Graph (Factor of safety of VSS) I. Factor of safety of VSS (AMC225XE T4 result in case 1, 2,
and 3.)
5.7 Factor of safety of VSS (Cast Iron result in case 1, 2, and
3.)
Graph 21 Comparison Graph (Factor of safety of VSS)
Graph 18 Comparison Graph (Factor of safety of VSS)
J. Weight Comparison Graph.
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SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE ISSN NO: 2582-4600 VOL.7, ISSUE 11, NOVEMBER 2021
safety is allowable in Scenario-3. and the aluminum alloy
AMC255XE is cheap on comparing with Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al.
VII. F UTURE SCOPE
• The current research is based on static load situations.
• In the coming years, vibrant situations will be analysed as well.
• The dynamic scenario research will enable the precision of the
findings.
R EFERENCES
[1] Swapnil S. Khode, N. Patil “Design Optimization of a Lower Control
Arm of Suspension System in a LCV by using Topological
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VI. C ONCLUSION Organization) Website: www.ijirset.com Vol. 6, Issue 6, June 2017.
[2] Nikita Gawai et al. “Design, Modeling& Analysis of Double
The deployment of FEA (finite element analysis) to analyse the
Wishbone Suspension System “International Journal on Mechanical
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System resulted in a flexible design that can be used in VSS Volume-4, Issue-1,2016.
implementations. This paper introduces a fatigue assessment for [3] Christianah O. Ijagbemi et al. “Design and simulation of fatigue
analysis for a vehicle suspension system (VSS) and its effect on
Vehicle Suspension System, and it can be concluded that global warming” Humanitarian Technology: Science, Systems and
depending on the simulation outcomes that: Global Impact 2016, HumTech2016, 7-9 June 2016, Massachusetts,
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• The current VSS, which is comprised of alloys of carbon (C), [4] SagarDarge et al. “Finite Element Analysis and Topography
can be lowered to a lighter in weight Vehicle Suspension Optimization of Lower Arm of Double Wishbone Suspension Using
Abacus and Optistruct” International Journal of Engineering
System with better duration capability and mechanical ability, as
Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol.
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[5] M.Sridharan et al. “Design and Analysis of Lower Control ARM”
At the various loads regarded, the FOS for alloys of International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering
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Issue 4, April 2016
valuation is nearly 0.50;
[6] VinayakKulkarni et al. “Finite Element Analysis and Topology
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to treat has a FOS of nearly 2.38. Because of the RADIOSS and Optistruct” International Journal of Science and
dual spring, the overall strength of Titanium is elevated. Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Volume 3 Issue 5, May
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In case 3, the value of equilavant stress decreases, and [7] Jing-xiao Zhang , Hui Li “Optimization design on dynamic
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•In scenario three, the highest von Mises stress Journal of Vibroengineering, Vol. 17, Issue 5, 2015, p. 2547-2558.
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force in the scenario of cast iron a t 22kN/m2, it's 0.46. Prediction of Multi Leaf Spring used in the Suspension System of
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Aluminum 7075-T6 has a lower overall weight than
applied research in mechanical engineering 2012; 1(1): 71-77
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capacity to endure greater loads.
The analysis's final conclusion The weight ofTi-13V-11Cr-3Al
is higher on comparing with AMC225XE T4 , and the factor of
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