ESD Sir Notes
ESD Sir Notes
It has hardware.
It has Real Time Operating system (RTOS) that supervises the application software and
provide mechanism to let the processor run a process as per scheduling by following
plan to control the latencies. RTOS defines the way the system works. It sets the rules
during the execution of application program. A small scale embedded system may not
have RTOS.
. Tightly constrained - All computing systems have constraints on design metrics, but
those on an embedded system can be especially tight. Design metrics is a measure of an
implementation's features such as its cost, size, power, and performance. It must be of a
size to fit on a single chip, must pertorm fast enough to process data in real time and
consume minimum power to extend battery life.
. Reactive and Real time - Many
embedded systems must continually react to changes in
without any
compute certain results in real time
the system's environment and must
Consider an example of a car cruise controller: it continually monitors and reacts
delay.
must computeacceleration or de-accelerations repeatedly
to speed and brake sensors. It
limited time; a delayed computation can result in failure to control of the car.
within a
Analog IO
ASIP and ASIC
Memory
ProcesSors Digital IO
Core
Advantages
Easily Customizable
consumption
" Low power
. LoW cost
Enhanced performance
An Embedded Computer Designer's View
" Measured by: Cost, /O connections, Memory Size,
Performance
Memory
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Microcontoller
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General Purpose System Vs Embedded System
let's compare it with a
In order to better realize the characteristics of an embedded system,
general computing system.
resources that integrate
1. Computer: A computer is a combination of hardware and software
together and provides various functionalities to the user.
2. Embedded Device : An embedded device is a part of an integrated system that is formed
can
as a combination of computer hardware and sofware for a specific function and which
operate without human interaction.
General purpose
computer Embedded system
Purpose Multipurpose Single function
Low or no resource
Constraint constraint Size, povwer, cost, memory, realtime
Performance Faster and better Fixed runtime requirement
Can have keyboard, Integrated into the real world with
User display, mouse, touch buttons, sensors, Leads, LCDs,
Interface Screen Bluetooth system
Disadvantages
Memory
Processors in aSystem
A processor has two essential units
The CU includes a fetch unit for fetching instructions rom the memory. The EU has circuits
that implement the instructions pertaining data transfer operation and data conversion from
one form to another.
The EU includes the Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU) and also the circuits that execute
instructions for a program control task such as interrupt, or jump to another set of instructions.
A
processor runs the cycles of fetch and executes the instructions in the same sequence as they
are fetched from memory.
Types ofProcessors
Microprocessor
Microcontroller
Embedded Processor
(User Interface)
Embedded Computer
Input Output
Variables" Software
Variables
Hardware
Embedded systems can be classified into different types based on performance, functional
requirements and performance of the microcontrol!er.
Types of Embedded
Systems
Embedded systems are classified into four categories based on their performance and functional
Tequiremnents: