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8# Irrotational and Circulation-1

The document discusses irrotational flow and circulation in fluid mechanics. It defines irrotational flow as flow where the vorticity vanishes. For irrotational flow, the velocity potential exists and satisfies the Laplace equation. Circulation is defined as the line integral of velocity around a closed contour. Several examples are provided to illustrate calculating the velocity potential for given flow fields and determining circulation for specific velocity fields integrated around a contour.

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57 views5 pages

8# Irrotational and Circulation-1

The document discusses irrotational flow and circulation in fluid mechanics. It defines irrotational flow as flow where the vorticity vanishes. For irrotational flow, the velocity potential exists and satisfies the Laplace equation. Circulation is defined as the line integral of velocity around a closed contour. Several examples are provided to illustrate calculating the velocity potential for given flow fields and determining circulation for specific velocity fields integrated around a contour.

Uploaded by

muslema941
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Southern Technical University Fluid Mechanics II

Engineering Technical College/Basrah Third Year

Thermal Mechanical Engineering By: M.Sc. Walaa


Adil

8.1 Irrotational flow

If the flow is irrotational, a velocity potential

For irrotational flow, the vortices must vanish, ie

For three-dimensional flow

For plane flow in x-y plane,

The condition of irrotationality identically,

To satisfy the condition of irrationality identically, substituting definition of

Irrotational condition,

are Laplacian function of x and y for a possible and irrotational flow

1
Southern Technical University Fluid Mechanics II

Engineering Technical College/Basrah Third Year

Thermal Mechanical Engineering By: M.Sc. Walaa


Adil

Example 8.1

A flow field is characterized by . Determine the velocity potential

For the flow if the flow is irrotational.

Solution:

We discover that is not Laplacian, the flow is exists but is not irrotational.,
therefore, the solution is stopped.

Example 8.2

A fluid field is given by

Determine whether this is a possible steady incompressible fluid flow and


calculate the velocity at point (1, 2, 3)

Solution:

2
Southern Technical University Fluid Mechanics II

Engineering Technical College/Basrah Third Year

Thermal Mechanical Engineering By: M.Sc. Walaa


Adil

Identically, showing that the possibility of steady incompressible flow.

Example 8.3

If for a two-dimensional flow the stream function is given by


Calculate the velocity at point (3, 6). Show that the potential velocity exists
for this case and deduced it.

This is to be satisfied showing that the flow must be

irrotational and the velocity potential must be also exist

By integration equation (1),

Derivation equation (2)

By integration equation (3),

Replace f (y) in equation (2),

3
Southern Technical University Fluid Mechanics II

Engineering Technical College/Basrah Third Year

Thermal Mechanical Engineering By: M.Sc. Walaa


Adil

8.2 Circulation in a flow


Along a closed contour in flow field, the line integral of velocity is
given the name circulation and is denoted 𝚪,

For the three dimensional flow,

𝚪= ∮ ∮

For the two dimensional flow

𝚪= ∮

Example 8.3

Determine the circulation 𝚪 around a rectangle defined by

For the velocity field

Solution:

𝚪= ∫ ∫

∫ ∫

4
Southern Technical University Fluid Mechanics II

Engineering Technical College/Basrah Third Year

Thermal Mechanical Engineering By: M.Sc. Walaa


Adil

∫ ∫ ∫ ∫

Observing that y=1 for the first integral and y=4 for the second integral, by
integration equation above.

∫ ∫ ∫ ∫

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