BEE QUESTION PAPER SOLUTION

MAY 2017 (CBCGS)

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𝑽
Q1] a) Find the ratio 𝑽𝑳 in the circuit shown below using Kirchoff’s law (4)
𝒔

Solution:-
As all the resistors are connected in parallel so total parallel resistance can be calculated as below:-
1 1 𝑅
𝑅= +𝑅=
𝑅 2

In this way calculating for whole circuit we get,

1 2 𝑅
𝑅= +𝑅=
𝑅 3

1 3 𝑅
𝑅= +𝑅=
𝑅 4

Hence we get the final ratio

𝑽𝑳 4
=𝑅
𝑽𝒔

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Q1] b) Find the rms value for the following waveforms (4)

Solution:-
The equation of the waveforms is given by 𝑣 = 𝑉𝑚 sin(𝜃 + 𝜑) where 𝜑 is the phase difference

When 𝜃 = 0, 𝑣 = 0.7071𝑉𝑚 , 𝑣 = 0.51𝑉𝑚

1. Average value of the waveform

1 𝜋 1 𝜋/4 3𝜋/4 𝜋
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √𝜋 ∫0 𝑣 2 (𝜃)𝑑𝜃 = √𝜋 [∫0 𝑉𝑀2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃 + ∫𝜋/4 (0.707𝑉𝑚 )2𝑑𝜃 + ∫3𝜋/4 0.512𝑑𝜃]

𝜋 3𝜋
2
𝑉𝑚 𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 𝜋
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √ {[2 − 4 ]04 + 0.499[𝜃] 𝜋
4
+ [2 − ]3𝜋/4 } = 0.584𝑉𝑚
𝜋 4
4

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Q1] c) Draw the phasor diagram for a three phase star connected load with lagging
power factor. Indicate all the line and phase voltages and current. (4)

Solution:-
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Q1] d) A 5kVA 240/2400 V, 50Hz single phase transformer has the maximum value
of flux density as 1 tesla. If the emf per turn is 10. Calculate the number of primary
& secondary turns and the full load primary and secondary currents. (4)

Solution:-
kVA rating = 5kVA

𝐸1 = 240 V

𝐸2 = 2400 V

f = 50Hz

𝑒𝑚 = 1𝑇
𝐸1
= 10
𝑁1

1) Number of primary and secondary turns

𝐸1 240
= 10 =
𝑁1 𝑁1

𝑁1 = 24

𝐸2 𝑁2
=
𝐸1 𝑁1

2400 𝑁2
=
240 24

𝑁2 = 240

2) Cross-sectional area of the core

𝐸2 = 4.44𝑓𝜑𝑚 𝑁2 = 4.44f𝐵𝑚 𝐴𝑁2
2400 = 4.44× 50 × 1 × 𝐴 × 240
A = 0.0450 𝑚2

3) Primary and secondary currents at full load for a transformer,

𝑉1 = 𝐸1 = 240𝑉
𝑉2 = 𝐸2 = 2400𝑉
 𝑘𝑉𝐴 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 ×1000 5×1000
𝐼1 = = = 20.83𝐴
𝑉1 240

𝑘𝑉𝐴 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 ×1000 5×1000

𝐼2 = = = 2.08𝐴
𝑉2 2400

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Q1] e) Explain the principle of operation of DC generator (4)

Solution:-

DC Generator
A dc generator is electrical machine which converts mechanical energy into direct current
electricity. This energy conversion is based on the principle of production of dynamically induced
emf. This article outlines basic construction and working of a DC generator.

PRINCIPLE

According to Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction whenever a conductor is placed in a

varying magnetic field (OR a conductor is moved in a magnetic field), an emf (electromotive force)
gets induced in the conductor. The magnitude of induced emf can be calculated from the Emf
equation of dc generator .If the conductor is provided with a closed path, the induced current will
circulate within the path. In a DC generator, field coils produce an electromagnetic field and the
armature conductors are rotated into the field. Thus, an electromagnetically induced emf is
generated in the armature conductors. The direction of induced current is given by Fleming’s right
hand rule

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Q2] a) Find the current through 3Ω resistor by mesh analysis (4)

Solution:-

Mesh 1

10 − 𝐼1 − 3(𝐼1 − 𝐼2 ) − 4𝐼1 = 0

8𝐼1 − 3𝐼2 = 10 ………(1)

Mesh 2

5 − 2𝐼2 − 3(𝐼2 − 𝐼1 ) = 0

3𝐼1 − 5𝐼2 = −5 ………………(2)

From (1) and (2) we get,

𝐼1 = 2.096𝐴 𝐼2 = 2.2580𝐴

𝐼 = 𝐼2 − 𝐼1 = 2.2580 − 2.096 = 0.162

𝐼 = 0.162Ω

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Q2] b) Find the current delivered by the source (8)

1) KVL to closed path ABCDEA

8 − 2(𝐼2 ) − (𝐼2 − 𝐼3 ) − 3(𝐼1 + 𝐼2 ) = 0

−3𝐼1 − 6𝐼2 + 𝐼3 = −8

2) KVL to AEFGHJA

−10𝐼1 − 2(𝐼2 ) − 4.4𝐼3 − 2𝐼4 = 0

3) KVL to HKLIMNH

−5(𝐼1 − 𝐼4 ) − 3(𝐼3 − 𝐼4 ) − 2𝐼4 = 0

4) KVL to FEDIGF
−(𝐼2 − 𝐼3 ) − 4.4𝐼3 − 3(𝐼3 − 𝐼4 ) = 0

From 1), 2), 3) and 4) we get,

𝐼1 = 4𝐴 𝐼2 = 2.2𝐴 𝐼3 = 3.1𝐴 𝐼4 = 1.96𝐴

Current delivered = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 = 4+2.2 = 6.2

I = 6.2A

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̅ = 12∠30° V and ̅𝑰 =
Q2] c) The voltage and current in a circuit are given by 𝑽
3∠60°A. the frequency of the supply is 50Hz. Find

1. Equation for voltage and current in both the rectangular and standard form
2. Impedance ,reactance and resistance
 3. Phase difference, power factor and power loss

Draw the circuit diagram considering a simple series of two elements indicating
their values. (8)

Solution:-
𝑉̅ = 12∠30° 𝐼 ̅ = 3∠60° f = 50Hz

1) Equation of volt & current in both the rectangular & standard form.

Voltage:-

𝑉̅ = 12∠30° ∴ 𝑉 = 10.392 + 6𝑖
Current:-

𝐼 ̅ = 3∠60° ∴ 𝐼 = 1.5 + 2.5980𝑖

2) Impedance, reactance and resistance.

V = 𝐼𝑉
𝑉 10.392+6𝑖
Z= = = 3.4641-1.9999i
𝐼 1.5+2.5980𝑖

Z = 3.4641-1.9999i

Comparing this with standard equation

Z = 𝑅 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿

𝑅 = 3.4641Ω 𝑋𝐿 = 1.9999

3) Phase difference , pf and power loss.

Z = 3.4641-1.9999i = 4∠-29.99

Phase difference = 29.99

Pf = cos𝜑 = cos(29.99)

Pf = 0.86611 (leading)

Power loss

P = VIcos𝜑 = 12× 3 × 0.86611

P = 31.1799W
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Q3] a) Find the resultant voltage and its equation for the given voltages which are
connected in series. (4)
𝝅 𝝅
𝒆𝟏 = 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝝎𝒕 𝒆𝟐 = −𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝝎𝒕 − 𝟔 ) 𝒆𝟑 = 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝝎𝒕 − 𝟒 )

𝝅
𝒆𝟒 = −𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝝎𝒕 + )
𝟑

Solution:-
2
̅̅̅
𝐸1 = ∠0° = 1.41∠0°
√2

−1
̅̅̅
𝐸2 = ∠ − 30° = -0.7071∠ − 30°
√2

2
̅̅̅
𝐸3 = ∠ − 45° = 1.41∠ − 45°
√2

−2
̅̅̅
𝐸4 = ∠60° = -1.41∠60°
√2

𝐸̅ = ̅̅̅
𝐸1 + ̅̅̅
𝐸2 + ̅̅̅
𝐸3 + ̅̅̅
𝐸4

𝐸̅ = 1.41∠0° −0.7071∠ − 30° + 1.41∠ − 45° − 1.41∠ − 60°

𝐸̅ = 2.1596∠ − 59.69°

e = 2.1596 × √2sin(𝜔𝑡 − 59.69)

e = 3.0541sin(𝜔𝑡 − 59.69)

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Q3] b) Find the current through 20Ω resistor by using superposition theorem (8)

Solution:-
1. When 20V is active

Applying mesh analysis

Mesh 1

−20 + 20(𝐼1 − 𝐼3 ) + 8(𝐼1 − 𝐼2 ) = 0

28𝐼1 − 8𝐼2 − 20𝐼3 = 20 …………….(1)

MESH 2

6𝐼2 + 8(𝐼2 − 𝐼1 ) + 8(𝐼2 − 𝐼3 ) = 0

−8𝐼1 + 22𝐼2 − 8𝐼3 = 0 …………….(2)

Mesh 3

8(𝐼3 − 𝐼2 ) + 20(𝐼3 − 𝐼1 ) = 0

−20𝐼1 − 8𝐼2 − 28𝐼3 = 0 ……………..(3)

From (1), (2) and (3) we get,

𝐼1 = 4.791𝐴

𝐼2 = 3.33𝐴

𝐼3 = 4.375𝐴

𝐼 ′ = 𝐼1 − 𝐼3 = 0.416

𝐼 ′ = 0.416𝐴 ………………(4)

2. When 40V is active

Applying mesh analysis to the circuit we get the equations as:-

Mesh 1

28𝐼1 − 20𝐼2 − 8𝐼3 = 0 …………….(5)

Mesh 2

−20𝐼1 + 28𝐼2 − 8𝐼3 = 40 ………………..(6)

Mesh 3

−8𝐼1 − 8𝐼2 + 22𝐼3 = 0 ………………(7)

From equation (5),(6) and (7) we get,

𝐼1 = 8.75𝐴

𝐼2 = 9.58𝐴

𝐼3 = 6.667𝐴

𝐼 ′′ = 0.833 ………………(8)
 3. When 30V is active

Applying mesh analysis to the circuit we get the equations as:-

Mesh 1

28𝐼1 − 20𝐼2 − 8𝐼3 = 0 …………..(9)

Mesh 2

−20𝐼1 + 28𝐼2 − 8𝐼3 = 0 …………….(10)

Mesh 3

−8𝐼1 − 8𝐼2 + 22𝐼3 = 30 ……………..(11)

From (9),(10) and (11) we get,

𝐼1 = 5𝐴

𝐼2 = 5𝐴

𝐼3 = 5𝐴

𝐼 ′′′ = 0𝐴 …………..(12)

From (12), (8) and (4) we get,

𝐼(20Ω) = 0 + 0.833 + 0.416 = 1.249A

𝐼 = 1.249𝐴

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Q3] c) Two parallel branches of a circuit comprise respectively of 1) a coil having 5Ω
resistance and inductance of 0.05H. 2) a capacitor of capacitance 100𝝁𝑭 in series
with a resistance of 10Ω. The circuit is connected to a 100V, 50Hz supply. Find

1) Impedance and admittance of each branch

2) Equivalent admittance and impedance of the circuit
3) The supply current and power factor of the circuit

Draw its equivalent series circuit using two elements indicating their values (8)

Solution:-
(1) Coil R= 5Ω and L = 0.05H
(2) C = 100𝜇𝐹 series with R = 10Ω

V = 100V f = 50Hz

1. Impedance and admittance of each branch

R= 5Ω 𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿 = 2 × 𝜋 × 50 × 0.05 = 15.7Ω

̅̅̅
𝑍1 = 𝑅 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿 = 5 + 𝑗15.7 = 16.4769∠72.3°
1 1
𝑌̅1 = ̅̅̅
= = 0.060∠ − 72.33°
𝑍1 16.4769∠72.3°

1 1
𝑋𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿 = = 31.8471Ω
2×3.14×50×100×10−6

̅̅̅
𝑍2 = 𝑅 − 𝑗𝑋𝐶 = 10 − 𝑗31.84 = 33.37∠ − 72.56°
1 1
𝑌̅2 = ̅̅̅
= = 0.299∠72.56°
𝑍2 33.37∠72.56°

2. Equivalent admittance and impedance of circuit

̅̅̅
𝑍1 ̅̅̅
𝑍2 (16.4769∠72.3° )×(33.37∠−72.56°)
𝑍̅ = ̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
= = 39.677∠ − 64.543°
𝑍1 +𝑍 2 (16.4769∠72.3° )(33.37∠−72.56°)

1 1
Y = 𝑍̅ = = 0.025∠64.543°
39.677∠−64.543°

3. Supply current and power factor

 𝑉 100∠0°
𝐼= = = 2.520∠64.543
𝑍 39.677∠−64.543°

Power factor = cos𝜑 = cos(−64.543) = 0.4298

Pf = 0.4298

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Q4] a) How are DC machines classified ? (4)

Solution:-
Depending upon the method of excitation of field winding ,DC machine are classified into two
classes:-

1) Separately excited machines.

2) Self excited machines.

SEPARATELY EXCITED MACHINES

In separately excited machines the field winding is provided with a separate DC source to supply
the field current as shown in figure.

SELF EXCITED MACHINES

In case of self excited machines no, separate source is provided to drive the field current, but the
field current is driven by its own emf generated across the armature terminals when the machine
works as a generator self excited machine are further classified into the three types, depending
upon the method in which the field winding is connected to the armature:

a) SHUNT WOUND MACHINES

 b) SERIES WOUND MACHINES

c) COMPOUND WOUND MACHINES

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Q4] b)Find the current through 10Ω resistor by using Norton’s theorem (8)

Solution:-
1. Calculation of 𝐼𝑁

Replacing 10Ω by short circuit

Mesh 1

20 − 12𝐼1 − 2(𝐼1 − 𝐼2 ) = 0

14𝐼1 − 2𝐼2 = 20

Mesh 2

−2(𝐼2 − 𝐼1 ) − 4𝐼2 − 6(𝐼2 − 𝐼3 ) = 0

2𝐼1 − 12𝐼2 + 6𝐼3 = 0

Mesh 3

40 − 6(𝐼3 − 𝐼2 ) = 0

6𝐼2 − 6𝐼3 = −40

From (1), (2) and (3) we get,

𝐼1 = 2.5𝐴 𝐼2 = 7.5𝐴 𝐼3 = 14.166𝐴

𝐼3 = 𝐼𝑁 = 14.166𝐴

2. Calculation of 𝑅𝑁

Replacing voltage source by short circuits

(12 || 2)Ω = 1.714Ω

1.714Ω + 4Ω = 5.714Ω

5.714Ω || 6Ω = 2.926

𝑅𝑁 = 2.926Ω
 1. Calculation of 𝐼𝐿
2.926
𝐼𝐿 = 14.16 × 10+2.926 = 3.2053𝐴

𝐼𝐿 = 3.2053𝐴

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Q4] c) An inductive coil has a resistance of 20Ω and inductance of 0.2H. It is
connected in parallel with a capacitor of 20𝝁F. This combination is connected
across a 230 V supply having variable frequency. Find the frequency at which the
total current drawn from the supply is in phase with the supply voltage. What is the
condition called? Find the values of total current drawn and the impedance of the
circuit at this frequency. Draw the phasor diagram and indicate the various currents
& voltage in the circuit. (8)

Solution:-
1 1
𝑓0 = = = 79.617𝐻𝑧
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶 2𝜋√0.2×20×10−6

The frequency at which the total current drawn from the supply is in phase with the supply voltage,
This condition is also called as resonance

𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿 = 2 × 3.14 × 79.617 × 0.2 = 100Ω

1 106
𝑋𝑐 = = = 100Ω
2𝜋𝑓𝐶 2×3.14×79.617×20
𝑍 = 𝑅 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 )𝑗 = 20 + (100 − 100)𝑗 = 20

Z = 20Ω

𝑉 = 𝐼𝑍
𝑉 230
𝐼= = = 11.5𝐴
𝑍 20

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Q5] a) A coil having a resistance of 20Ω and inductance of 0.2H is connected across
a 230 V 50 Hz supply . Calculate:-

i) Circuit current
ii) Phase angle
iii) Power factor
iv) Power consumed. (4)

Solution:-
R = 20Ω 𝑋𝐿 = 0.2𝐻 V = 230V f = 50Hz

1) Circuit current

𝑍 = √𝑅2 + 𝑋𝐿2 = √202 + 0.22 = 20.00

𝑉 230
𝐼= = 11.5
𝑍 20.00

2) Phase angle

𝑍 = 𝑅 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿 = 20 + j0.2

𝑍 = 20∠0.5729°

Phase angle = 0.5729°

3) Power factor
 Pf = cos𝜑 = cos(0.5729) = 0.9999

Power factor = 0.9999

4) Power consumed

P = VI cos𝜑 = 230 × 11.5 × 0.999

P = 2644.73W

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Q5] b) A balanced three phase delta connected load draws a power of 10 kW, with
a power factor of 0.6 leading when supplied with an ac supply of 440 V, 50Hz. Find
the circuit elements of the load per phase assuming a simple series circuit of two
element. (8)

Solution:-
P = 10kW 𝑉𝐿 = 440𝑉 pf = 0.6 (leading)

For delta connected load,

1. Values of circuit elements,

𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑝ℎ = 440𝑉

P = √3𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑

10× 103 = √3 × 440 × 𝐼𝐿 × 0.6

𝐼𝐿 = 21.86𝐴
𝐼𝐿 21.86
𝐼𝑝ℎ = = = 12.62𝐴
√3 √3

𝑉𝑝ℎ 440
𝑍𝑝ℎ = = = 34.86Ω
𝐼𝑝ℎ 12.62

𝑅𝑝ℎ = 𝑍𝑝ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 = 34.86 × 0.6 = 20.916Ω

𝑋𝑝ℎ = 𝑍𝑝ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑 = 20.916 × sin(𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 0.6) = 16.73Ω

2. Reactive volt-amperes drawn

Q = √3𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑 = √3 × 440 × 21.860 × 0.8 = 30.29𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑅

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Q5] c) Draw and explain the phasor diagram of a single phase transformer. (8)

Solution:-

Phasor diagram:-

Since the flux 𝜑 is common to both the windings, 𝜑 is chosen as a reference phasor. From emf
equation of the transformer, it is clear that 𝐸1 and 𝐸2 lag the flux by 90°. Hence , emf’s

𝐸1 and 𝐸2 are drawn such that these lag behind the flux 𝜑 by 90°. The magnetising component 𝐼𝜇 is
drawn in phase with the flux 𝜑. The applied voltage 𝑉1 is drawn equal and opposite to 𝐸1 as 𝑉1. The
active component 𝐼𝑤 is drawn in phase with voltage 𝑉1. The phasor sum of 𝐼𝜇 and 𝐼𝑤 gives the no-
load current 𝐼0 .

1) Transformer when excited at no load, only takes excitation current which leads the working Flux
by Hysteretic angle α.

2) Excitation current is made up of two components, one in phase with the applied Voltage V is
called Core loss component (Ic) and another in phase with the working Flux Ø called Magnetizing
Current (Im).
3) Electromotive Force (EMF) created by working Flux Ø lags behind it by 90 degree.

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Q6] a) Explain the various losses of a single phase transformer (4)

Solution:-
There are two types of losses in a transformer:

1. Iron or core loss

2. Copper loss

IRON LOSS:

This loss is due to the reversal of flux in the core. The flux set-up in the core is nearly constant.
Hence, iron loss is practically constant at all the loads, from no load to full load. The losses occurring
under no-load condition are the iron losses because the copper losses in the primary winding due
to no-load current are negligible. Iron losses can be subdivided into two losses:

1. Hysteresis loss
2. Eddy current loss

COPPER LOSS:
This loss is due to the resistance of primary and secondary windings

𝑊𝑐𝑢 = 𝐼12 𝑅1 + 𝐼22 𝑅2

Where, 𝑅1 = primary winding resistance

𝑅2 = secondary winding resistance

Copper loss depends upon the load on the transformer and is proportional to square of load
current of kVA rating of the transformer.

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Q6] b) Two wattmeter connected connected to measure power in a three phase
circuit using the two wattmeter method indicate 1250W and 250W respectively.
Find the total power supplied and the power factor to the circuit: when

i) Both the readings are positive.

ii) When the latter reading is obtained by reversing the connection of the
pressure coil. (8)

Solution:-
𝑊1 = 1250𝑊 𝑊2 = 250𝑊

1) Power factor of the circuit when both readings are positive

𝑊1 = 1250𝑊 𝑊2 = 250𝑊
𝑊 −𝑊 (1250−250)
tan 𝜑 = √3 𝑊1+𝑊2 = √3 (1250+250) = 0.667
1 2

𝜑 = 33.703°

Power factor = cos𝜑 = cos(33.703) = 0.8319

2) Power factor of the circuit when the latter reading is obtained after reversing the
connection to the current coil of one instrument.

𝑊1 = 1250𝑊 𝑊2 = −250𝑊
𝑊 +𝑊 (1250+250)
tan 𝜑 = √3 𝑊1−𝑊2 = √3 (1250−250) = 1.5
1 2

𝜑 = 56.3099°

Power factor = cos𝜑 = cos(56.3099°) = 0.5547

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Q6] c) A 200/400 V, Hz single phase transformer gave the following test results:

OC test: 200V 0.7A 70W (on lv side)

SC test: 15V 10A 85W(on hv side)

Obtain the parameters and draw the equivalent circuit of the transformer as
referred to the primary. (8)
Solution:- 1) Equivalent circuit of the transform and parameters

From OC test(meters are connected on LV side i.e. primary)

𝑊𝑖 = 70𝑤 𝑉1 = 200𝑉 𝐼0 = 0.7Am

𝑊 70
cos𝜑0 = 𝑉 𝐼𝑖 = 200×0.7 = 0.5
1 0

sin𝜑0 = (1 − 0.52 )0.5 = 0.866

𝐼𝑤 = 𝐼𝑂 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑𝑜 = 0.7 × 0.5 = 0.35

𝑉1 200
𝑅𝑂 = = = 571.428Ω
𝐼𝑤 0.35

𝐼𝜇 = 𝐼𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑𝑜 = 0.7 × 0.866 = 0.6062Am

𝑉1 200
𝑋𝑜 = = = 329.924Ω
𝐼𝜇 0.6062

From SC test (meters are connected on HV side i.e. secondary)

𝑊𝑠𝑐 = 85𝑤 𝑉𝑠𝑐 = 15𝑉 𝐼𝑠𝑐 = 10𝐴

𝑉𝑠𝑐 15
𝑍02 = = = 1.5Ω
𝐼𝑠𝑐 10

𝑊𝑠𝑐 85
𝑅02 = 2 = 102 = 0.85Ω
𝐼𝑆𝐶

𝑋02 = (𝑍02 2 − 𝑅02 2 )0.5 = (1.52 − 0.852 )0.5 = 1.235Ω

400
𝐾= =2
200
𝑅02 0.85
𝑅01 = 2
= = 0.2125Ω
𝐾 4
 𝑋02 1.235
𝑋01 = 2
= = 0.3087Ω
𝐾 4

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