ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE(AI)

Artificial Intelligence is the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled

robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. The term is
frequently applied to projects with the intellectual processes characteristics of
humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn
from past experience.
Artificial Intelligence requires a foundation of specialized hardware and
software for writing and training machine learning algorithms. There is no
programming language is synonymous with AI, but there a few common ones
such as python and Java. Artificial intelligence programming focuses on three
cognitive skills:
 Learning processes
 Reasoning processes
 Self-correction processes

AI is important because it can give enterprises insights into their operations that
they may not have been aware of previously and because, in some cases, AI can
perform tasks better than humans. Particularly when it comes to repetitive,
detail-oriented tasks like analysing large numbers of legal documents to ensure
relevant fields are filled in properly, AI tools often complete jobs quickly and
with relatively few errors.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF AI

Advantages

 Good at detail-oriented jobs.

 Reduced time for data-heavy tasks.
 Delivers consistent results.
 AI-powered virtual agents are always available.
Disadvantages
 Expensive.
 Requires deep technical expertise.
 Limited supply of qualified workers to build AI tools.
 Only knows what it's been shown.
 Lack of ability to generalize from one task to another.

Artificial intelligence can be categorised into two as either weak or strong

 Weak AI: It is also known as narrow AI, is an AI system that is designed

and trained to complete a specific task. Industrial robots and virtual
personal assistants, such as Apple's Siri, use weak AI.
 Strong AI: It is also known as artificial general intelligence (AGI),
describes programming that can replicate the cognitive abilities of the
human brain.
TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
AI can be categorized into four types, beginning with the task-specific
intelligent systems in wide use today and progressing to sentient systems,
which do not yet exist. The categories are as
 Type 1: Reactive machines. These AI systems have no memory and are
task specific. An example is Deep Blue, the IBM chess program that beat
Garry Kasparov in the 1990s.
 Type 2: Limited memory. These AI systems have memory, so they can use
past experiences to inform future decisions.
 Type 3: Theory of mind. Theory of mind is a psychology term. When
applied to AI, it means that the system would have the social intelligence to
understand emotions. This type of AI will be able to infer human intentions
and predict behaviour, a necessary skill for AI systems to become integral
members of human teams.
 Type 4: Self-awareness. In this category, AI systems have a sense of self,
which gives them consciousness. Machines with self-awareness understand
their own current state. This type of AI does not yet exist.

APPLICATIONS OF ARTICIAL INTELLIGENCE

AI has accelerated and businesses have been scrambling to promote how their
products and services use AI. Artificial intelligence has made its way into a
wide variety of markets.

AI in healthcare

The biggest bets are on improving patient outcomes and reducing costs.
Companies are applying machine learning to make better and faster diagnoses
than humans. One of the best-known healthcare technologies is IBM Watson. It
understands natural language and can respond to questions asked of it. The
system mines patient data and other available data sources to form a hypothesis,
which it then presents with a confidence scoring schema. Other AI applications
include using online virtual health assistants to help patients and healthcare
customers find medical information, schedule appointments, understand the
billing process and complete other administrative processes.

AI in education

AI can automate grading, giving educators more time. It can assess students and
adapt to their needs, helping them work at their own pace. AI tutors can provide
additional support to students, ensuring they stay on track. And it could change
where and how students learn, perhaps even replacing some teachers.

AI in law

The discovery process, sifting through documents in law is often overwhelming

for humans. Using AI to help automate the legal industry's labour-intensive
processes is saving time and improving client service. Law firms are using
machine learning to describe data and predict outcomes, computer vision to
classify and extract information from documents and natural language
processing to interpret requests for information.

AI in banking

Banks are successfully employing chatbots to make their customers aware of

services and offerings and to handle transactions that don't require human
intervention. AI virtual assistants are being used to improve and cut the costs of
compliance with banking regulations. Banking organizations are also using AI
to improve their decision-making for loans, and to set credit limits and identify
investment opportunities.

AI in transportation

In addition to AI's fundamental role in operating autonomous vehicles, AI

technologies are used in transportation to manage traffic, predict flight delays,
and make ocean shipping safer and more efficient.

AI in Security

AI and machine learning are at the top of the buzzword list security vendors use
today to differentiate their offerings. Those terms also represent truly viable
technologies. Organizations use machine learning in security information and
event management software and related areas to detect anomalies and identify
suspicious activities that indicate threats. By analysing data and using logic to
identify similarities to known malicious code, AI can provide alerts to new and
emerging attacks much sooner than human employees and previous technology
iterations. The maturing technology is playing a big role in helping
organizations fight off cyber-attacks.