Basics of Python - Part 1
Basics of Python - Part 1
Class XI ( As per
CBSE Board)
It is used for:
software development,
web development (server-side),
system scripting,
Mathematics.
Features of Python
1. Easy to use – Due to simple syntax rule
2. Interpreted language – Code execution &
interpretation line by line
3. Cross-platform language – It can run on
windows,linux,macinetosh etc. equally
4. Expressive language – Less code to be written as it
itself express the purpose of the code.
5. Completeness – Support wide rage of library
6. Free & Open Source – Can be downloaded freely
and source code can be modify for improvement
Shortcomings of Python
1. Lesser libraries – as compared to other
programming languages like c++,java,.net
2. Slow language – as it is interpreted languages,it
executes the program slowly.
3. Weak on Type-binding – It not pin point on use of a
single variable for different data type.
How to work in Python
(i) in Interactive mode
* Search the python.exe file in the drive in which it is
installed.
If found double click it to start python in interactive
mode
How to work in Python
* Click start button -> All programs ->
python<version>->IDLE(Python GUI)
How to work in Python
Python command
prompt >>>
Data Types
Data Type specifies which type of value a variable can store.
type() function is used to determine a variable's type in
Python.
Data type continue
1. Number In Python
It is used to store numeric values
Output :-
301.4
121.0
Data type continue
2. String In Python
A string is a sequence of characters. In python we can create string using
single (' ') or double quotes (" ").Both are same in python. e.g.
str='computer science'
print('str-', str) # print string
print('str[0]-', str[0]) # print first char 'h'
print('str[1:3]-', str[1:3]) # print string from postion 1 to 3 'ell'
print('str[3:]-', str[3:]) # print string staring from 3rd char 'llo world'
print('str *2-', str *2 ) # print string two times
print("str +'yes'-", str +'yes') # concatenated string
Output
str- computer science
str[0]- c
str[1:3]- om
str[3:]- puter science
str *2- computer sciencecomputer science
str +'yes'- computer scienceyes
Data type continue
Iterating through string
e.g.
str='comp sc'
for i in str:
print(i)
Output
c
o
m
p
s
c
Data type continue
3. Boolean In Python
It is used to store two possible values either true or
false
e.g.
str="comp sc"
boo=str.isupper() # test if string contains upper case
print(boo)
Output
False
Data type continue
4.List In Python
List are collections of items and each item has its own index value.
5. Tuple In Python
List and tuple, both are same except ,a list is mutable python objects and tuple is
immutable Python objects. Immutable Python objects mean you cannot modify the
contents of a tuple once it is assigned.
e.g. of list e.g. of tuple
list =[6,9] tup=(66,99)
list[0]=55 Tup[0]=3 # error message will be displayed
print(list[0]) print(tup[0])
print(list[1]) print(tup[1])
OUTPUT
55
9
Operator
Operators are special symbols in Python that carry out arithmetic or logical
computation. The value that the operator operates on is called the operand.
Arithmetic operators
Used for mathematical operation
Operator Meaning Example
x+y
+ Add two operands or unary plus
+2
x-y
- Subtract right operand from the left or unary minus
-2
* Multiply two operands x*y
/ Divide left operand by the right one (always results into float) x/y
% Modulus - remainder of the division of left operand by the right x % y (remainder of x/y)
** Exponent - left operand raised to the power of right x**y (x to the power y)
Operator continue
Arithmatic operator continue
e.g.
x=5
y=4
print('x + y =',x+y)
print('x - y =',x-y)
print('x * y =',x*y)
print('x / y =',x/y)
print('x // y =',x//y)
print('x ** y =',x**y)
OUTPUT
('x + y =', 9)
('x - y =', 1)
('x * y =', 20)
• Write a program in python to calculate the simple
('x / y =', 1)
interest based on entered amount ,rate and time
('x // y =', 1)
('x ** y =', 625)
Operator continue
Comparison operators -used to compare values
Operator Meaning Example
> Greater that - True if left operand is greater than the right x>y
< Less that - True if left operand is less than the right x<y
<= Less than or equal to - True if left operand is less than or equal to the right x <= y
Operator continue
Comparison operators continue
e.g.
x = 101
y = 121
print('x > y is',x>y)
print('x < y is',x<y)
print('x == y is',x==y)
print('x != y is',x!=y)
print('x >= y is',x>=y)
print('x <= y is',x<=y)
Output
('x > y is', False)
('x < y is', True)
('x == y is', False)
('x != y is', True)
('x >= y is', False)
('x <= y is', True)
Operator continue
Logical operators
Operator Meaning Example
Bitwise operators
Used to manipulate bit values.
| Bitwise OR x|y
~ Bitwise NOT ~x
Operator Description
in Evaluates to true if it finds a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise.
not in Evaluates to true if it does not finds a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise.
e.g.
a=5
b = 10
list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
if ( a in list ):
print ("Line 1 - a is available in the given list")
else:
print ("Line 1 - a is not available in the given list")
if ( b not in list ):
print ("Line 2 - b is not available in the given list") output
else: Line 1 - a is available in the given list
print ("Line 2 - b is available in the given list") Line 2 - b is not available in the given list
Operator continue
Python Identity Operators
Operat Description
or
Evaluates to true if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same
is
object and false otherwise.
Evaluates to false if the variables on either side of the operator point to the same
is not
object and true otherwise.
e.g.
a = 10
b = 10
print ('Line 1','a=',a,':',id(a), 'b=',b,':',id(b))
if ( a is b ):
print ("Line 2 - a and b have same identity")
else:
print ("Line 2 - a and b do not have same identity")
OUTPUT
('Line 1', 'a=', 10, ':', 20839436, 'b=', 10, ':', 20839436)
Line 2 - a and b have same identity
Operator continue
Operators Precedence :highest precedence to lowest precedence table
Operator Description
** Exponentiation (raise to the power)
~+- Complement, unary plus and minus (method names for the last two are +@ and -@)
2. For Loop
x=1
while (x < 3):
print('inside while loop value of x is ',x)
x=x+1
else:
print('inside else value of x is ', x)
Output
inside while loop value of x is 1
inside while loop value of x is 2
inside else value of x is 5
*Write a program in python to find out the factorial of a given number
Iteration Statements (Loops)
While Loop continue
Infinite While Loop
e.g.
x=5
while (x == 5):
print(‘inside loop')
Output
Inside loop
Inside loop
…
…
Iteration Statements (Loops)
2. For Loop
It is used to iterate over items of any sequence, such as a list
or a string.
Syntax
for val in sequence:
statements
e.g.
for i in range(3,5):
print(i)
Output
3
4
Iteration Statements (Loops)
2. For Loop continue
Example programs
for i in range(5,3,-1):
print(i)
Output
5
4
range() Function Parameters
start: Starting number of the sequence.
stop: Generate numbers up to, but not including this number.
step(Optional): Determines the increment between each numbers in the
sequence.
Iteration Statements (Loops)
2. For Loop continue
For Loop With Else
e.g.
for i in range(1, 4):
print(i)
else: # Executed because no break in for
print("No Break")
Output
1
2
3
4
No Break
Iteration Statements (Loops)
2. For Loop continue
Nested For Loop
e.g.
for i in range(1,3):
for j in range(1,11):
k=i*j
print (k, end=' ')
print()
Output
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20