1 NCM 121

THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER AND RISK PROFILE EQUATION IN DISASTER RISK:

➢ Vulnerable to almost all types of hazard (Vulnerability + Hazard) = DISASTER RISK

➢ rd
3 out of 173 countries (High Risk for CAPACITY
Hazard Exposure) - CENTER FOR
RESEARCH ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF
DISASTER, BELGIUM Note: Disaster Risk is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
➢ DISASTER IN RELATION TO NURSING to vulnerability and hazard, and INDIRECTLY
➢ PREPARATION-RESPONSE-RECOVERY PROPORTIONAL to Capacity

NOTE: UNDERSTANDING CONCEPTS OF CONCEPTS OF DIASTER RISK REDUCTION (DRR)

DISASTER= DISASTER READINESS AND RISK
Concept and practice of reducing disaster risks
REDUCTION
through systematic efforts to analyze and manage
CONCEPTS AND TYPES OF DISASTER the causal factor of different disasters.

Systematic process of using administrative

directives, organizations and operational skills and
capacities to implement strategies, policies and
improved coping capacities in order to lessen the
adverse impacts of hazards and their potential to
cause disaster.

COMPONENTS OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

➢ Reduce exposure to hazard

➢ Lessening Vulnerability to people and

When is an event a Disaster? property

➢ People 20% ➢ Wise management of land and environment

➢ Livelihood 40%
➢ Improving preparedness for adverse events
➢ Roads/bridges (environment)
➢ Agricultural and fishponds TYPES OF HAZARDS AND DISASTERS
➢ Epidemics/pandemic
NATURAL TECHNOLOGICAL
REMEMBER: -Acts of God -Caused by Human-
-Humans Have limited made system
VULNERABILITY- having a condition determined Control -Humans had control
by physical, social, economic, and environmental Types of Natural -Point of Blame
factors or processes which increase the Disaster
susceptibility of a community to the impacts of 1. Geophysical
hazards. 2. Meteorological
3. Hydrological
HAZARD- any phenomenon that has the potential to
4. Climatological
cause disruption or damage to people and their 5. Biological
environment.

CAPACITY- ability of the people, organizations,

and systems, using available skills and resources, to
deal with and manage conditions such as hazard,
emergencies or disasters.

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
 2 NCM 121

COVID FACTS

✓ FIRST reported in WUHAN, CHINA in

2019
✓ Fifth documented pandemic since 1918 flu EFFECTS OF COVID 19
pandemic
➢ HEALTHCARE
✓ First official Case was recorded on the 31st
▪ Increase workload
of December 2019
▪ Increase heath risk
✓ A year after, Dec 31, 2020,
▪ Increased requirement for high
Pfizer/BioNtech vaccine was the 1st vaccine
protection
discovered for emergency use
▪ Disruption in medical supply
CASES UPDATES WORLDWIDE ➢ ECONOMIC
(As of Aug 16, 2023, 6:30PM) ▪ Slowing of the manufacturing of
essential goods
▪ TOTAL CONFIRMED CASES- 769, 806, 130
▪ Disruption in supplies of products
▪ TOTAL DEATHS- 6,955, 497
▪ Losses in national and international
(INCLUDING IN TOTAL CONFIRMED
business
CASES)
▪ Poor cash flow in the market
TOP 5 COUNTRIES WITH MOST NUMBER OF ➢ SOCIAL
CASES ▪ cancelations in many activities
(religious, cultural, sports, travel,
1. USA- 103, 436, 829
festive activities and the like)
2. CHINA- 99, 302, 177
▪ Social distancing peers and family
3. INDIA-44, 996, 599
members
4. FRANCE- 38, 997, 490
▪ Closes of places for entertainment
5. GERMANY-38, 437, 756
➢ MENTAL
COVID 19 IN THE PHILIPPINES ➢ EDUCATION

▪ FIRST CASES (2)- JANUARY 30, 2020 5 COMMON DISASTERS IN THE PHILIPPINES
▪ MARCH 15, 2020- LOCKDOWN STARTED
➢ Typhoon
CASES UPDATES IN THE PHILIPPINES ➢ Earthquake
(As of Aug 16, 2023, 6:30PM) ➢ Fire
➢ Volcanic Eruption
▪ TOTAL CONFIRMED CASES- 4,173, 631
➢ Drought
▪ TOTAL DEATHS- 66, 646

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
 3 NCM 121

TOP 10 GLOBAL NATURAL DISASTERS TORNADOS

CYCLONE/TYPHOON ➢ A violently rotating column of air touching

the ground, usually attached to the base of
➢ a rapid rotating storm originating over
a thunderstorm.
tropical oceans from where it draws the
➢ can cause fatalities and devastate a
energy to develop.
neighborhood in seconds.
Typhoon Haiyan
On September 20, 2022 at around 1:30 PM, a
- Deadliest and most powerful cyclone tornado incident occurred in President Roxas, Capiz
- Fatalities (6352 confirmed) (Latest)
- Missing (1771)
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

➢ when gas and/or lava are released from a

EARTHQUAKES
volcano—sometimes explosively.
➢ a weak to violent shaking of the ground
produced by the sudden movement of rock
materials below the earth's surface.

“The Great Chilean Earthquake”

The world's largest earthquake with an

Mayon in Albay is the most active volcano in the
instrumentally documented magnitude occurred on
Philippines
May 22, 1960 near Valdivia, in southern Chile. It
was assigned a magnitude of 9.5 by the United Taal in Batangas is the second most active volcano
States Geological Survey. It is referred to as the in the Philippines
"Great Chilean Earthquake" and the "1960 Valdivia
TSUNAMIS
Earthquake."
➢ giant waves caused by earthquakes or
The Valdivia earthquake left two million people
volcanic eruptions under the sea.
homeless, injured at least 3,000, and
killed approximately 1,655. The economic damage Lituya Bay, Alaska, July 9, 1958
totaled $550 million
Its over 1,700-foot wave was the largest ever
EARTHQUAKES in PH
recorded for a tsunami. It inundated five square
1976 Midnight Killer: miles of land and cleared hundreds of thousands of
trees. Remarkably, only two fatalities occurred.
Remembering the deadly 8-magnitude quake in
Mindanao. Eleven minutes past midnight of August FLOODS
17, 1976, while people were in deep sleep, an 8.0-
➢ An overflow of water onto normally dry land.
magnitude earthquake rocked the Moro Gulf in
The inundation of a normally dry area
Mindanao. The initial widespread trembling was felt
caused by rising water in an existing
as far as the central islands of Visayas.
waterway, such as a river, stream, or
Initially over 8,000 people were officially counted drainage ditch.
as killed or missing, 10,000 injured, and 90,000
WILDFIRE
homeless, making it one of the most devastating
disasters in the history of the Philippine Islands. ➢ a fire that is burning strongly and out of
control on an area of grass or bushes in the
countryside

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
 4 NCM 121

DROUGHT TRANSITIONAL HUMAN SHELTERS DISASTER

➢ a prolonged dry period in the natural climate any of a range of shelter options that help people
cycle that can occur anywhere in the world. affected by conflict or natural disasters who have
It is a slow-onset disaster characterized by lost or abandoned their housing until they can
the lack of precipitation, resulting in a return to or recover acceptable permanent
water shortage. accommodation.

AVALANCHE Risk to develop diseases caused by insufficient

nutrition, poor supply of potable water,
➢ sometimes called a snow slide, is the rapid
overcrowding, poor sanitation, lack of hygiene and
flow of snow, ice.
toilet facilities, including mental health problems
LANDSLIDES
MAN-MADE HAZARDS AND DISASTER (additional)
➢ The mass movement of rock, soil, and debris
Global warming
down a slope due to gravity. The movement
may range from very slow to rapid. ➢ gradual increase in the average temperature
of the earth’s atmosphere and oceans
February 17, 2006, a massive rock slide-debris ➢ Average: (57 ˚F/13.9 ˚C)
occurred in the Philippine province of Southern ➢ Increased: (0.13 ˚C per decade)
Leyte
Climate Change
(Biggest Landslide in the Philippines) = 1126 Deaths
➢ increasing in average global temperature
MAN MADE HAZARD AND DISASTERS due to increased greenhouse gas emission.
➢ Greenhouse gases:
▪ TERRORISM
Carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide, Methane
▪ TECHNOLOGICAL
▪ TRANSITIONAL HUMAN SHELTERS Factors that contributes increased GREENHOUSE
GASES EMISSION
TERRORISM
➢ Burning of Fossil Fuels
-comes from the Latin word terror which means ➢ Deforestation
“FEAR” ➢ Intensive farming
“The Unlawful use of force against person or ➢ Coal Mining
property to intimate or coerce a government, the ➢ Excessive use of Appliances
civilian population, or segment thereof, in the EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
furtherance of political or social objectives”
➢ Increase in the number of tropical cyclones
Philippines rank 18th out of 163 countries affected and storms
by terrorism according to Institute for Economics ➢ Average of 20 tropical cyclones enter the
and Peace Phil. With 8-9 making landfall (more often
TECHNOLOGICAL and more severe)
➢ Increase in environment’s temperature
➢ Radioactive Spills ➢ More intense El Nino (longer dry periods
➢ Hazardous Waste between rainfall
➢ Toxic Chemicals ➢ Affects economy, health, education,
➢ Oil Spills nutrition and the like.
➢ Chemical or Hazardous Waste Accidents
➢ Fire

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
 5 NCM 121

Things you can do to Reduce Global Warming FACTORS INVOLVED IN RISK ASSESSMENT:

➢ Reduce, Reuse, Recycle 1. Hazard Assessment.

➢ Use Less Heat and Air conditioning 2. Location of buildings, highways, and other
➢ Change a light Bulb infrastructure in the areas subject to
➢ Drive Less and Drive smart hazard.
➢ Buy Energy Efficient product 3. Potential exposure to the physical effects
➢ Use Less Hot Water of hazardous situation.
➢ Use the “OFF” switch 4. The vulnerability of the community when
➢ Plant a Tree subjected to the physical effects of the
➢ Encourage others to Conserve event.

VULNERABILITY TO HAZARD AND DISASTER (WE TAG) WAYS TO REDUCE RISK AND VULNERABILITY

WEALTH PREDICTION- a forecast, but not only about the

weather. Involves a statement of probability that
▪ adequate housing infrastructure
an event may occur based on scientific observation
▪ adequate resources
and technology.
EDUCATION
FORECASTING refers to a calculation or an
▪ provides awareness on how to reduce impact estimation which uses data from previous events,
of natural hazard and disaster combined with recent trends to come up a future
▪ well-trained in response to disaster event outcome. (magnitude, location, date time of
event)
TECHNOLOGY
EARLY WARNING-statement that a high
▪ advanced technology allows authorities to
probability of hazardous event will occur (e.g.
forecast weather, earthquakes, volcanic
ANGAT and BUSTOS DAM)
eruptions
▪ Community Awareness EFFECTIVENESS OF WARNING
AGE AND GENDER Timeliness
▪ Children, adults and women are considered Effective communication and pubic information
vulnerable in relation to physical strength system
▪ Children and elderly have weaker immune Credibility of Resources
system

GOVERNANCE IMPACTS OF NATURAL DISASTER (HEAD)

▪ set policies and establish infrastructure to ▪ Health risk

reduce vulnerability to hazard ▪ Emotional aftershock
▪ availability of resources ▪ Absence/scarcity of food
▪ Displaced population
ASSESSING HAZARDS AND RISK
RESILIENCE FACTORS
TERMINOLOGIES
“Human nature is resilient, and most people have
RISK ASSESSMENT- Involves both assessment the ability to recover from disaster”
of hazards from a scientific point of view, but also
the socio-economic impacts of hazardous event. OTHERS-SELF-GOD

RISK- statement of probability that an event will THREE PHASES OF DISASTER

cause an amount of damage directly to people and 1. PRE-IMPACT PHASE
properties. 2. IMPACT PHASE
3. POST-IMPACT PHASE

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
 6 NCM 121

CHAPTER 2

ICN FRAMEWORK OF DISASTER NURSING COMPETENCIES

DISASTER NURSING

▪ Adaptation of professional nursing

knowledge, skills and attitude in recognizing
and meeting the nursing, health and
emotional needs of disaster victims.

OVERALL GOAL OF DISASTER NURSING

▪ Achieve the best possible level of health

for the people and the community involved
MITIGATION PHASE in the disaster

▪ Hazard and vulnerability analysis OTHER GOALS OF DISASTER NURSING

▪ Infrastructure construction
➢ To meet the immediate basic survival needs
▪ Public education for awareness
➢ To identify the potential for secondary
PREPAREDNESS PHASE disaster
➢ To correct inequalities in access to
▪ Warning management system
healthcare
▪ Emergency & preparedness plans
➢ To empower survivors to participate and
▪ Training and drills
advocate for their own health and well-
RESPONSE PHASE being
➢ To respect cultural, lingual, and religious
▪ First aid
diversity in individuals and families
▪ Emergency relief
➢ To promote the highest achievable quality
▪ Manage shelter
of life for survivors
▪ Search and rescue
Icn framework of disaster nursing competencies v2.0 2019
RECOVERY PHASE
LEVEL 1- Any nurse who has completed a program
▪ Damage assessment/ debris removal of basic, generalized nursing education and is
▪ Infrastructure reconstruction and authorized to practice by the regulatory agency of
rehabilitation his/her country
▪ Medical care/ mental health
Eg. Staff Nurse in hospital, clinic, public health
4 STAGES OF EMOTIONAL RESPONSE TO VICTIMS center, all nurse educators.
OF DISASTER (DEAR)
LEVEL 2- Any nurse who has achieved the Level 1
➢ DENIAL
competencies and is/aspires to be a designated
➢ EMOTIONAL RESPONSE (STRONG)
disaster responder within an institution,
➢ ACCEPTANCE
organization or system.
➢ RECOVERY
Eg. Head nurse, nurse designated for leadership
within organization’s emergency plan,
preparedness/response nurse educators.

LEVEL 3- any nurse who has achieved Level 1 and 2

Competencies and is prepared to respond a wide
range of disasters and emergencies and to serve on
a deployable team.

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
 7 NCM 121

Eg. Military nurses, responders in the national and GOALS of Disaster Management
international disasters, nurses conducting
1. Reduce, or avoid, losses from hazards;
comprehensive disaster nursing research
2. Assure prompt assistance to victims;
ICN core competencies in disaster nursing (8 domains) 3. Achieve rapid and effective recovery.

MNEMONIC: Pare Co, ISA-Isahin Raw Lahat eh!

1. Preparation and Planning

2. Communication
3. Incident management System
4. Safety and Security
5. Assessment
6. Intervention
Disaster Management Cycle
7. Recovery
8. Law and ethics Illustrates the ongoing process by which
governments, businesses and civil society plan for
NOTE: and reduce the impact of disasters, react during
EFFECTIVE NURSING PRACTICE DURING ANY and immediately following a disaster, and take steps
DISASTER REQUIRES CLINICAL COMPETENCY to recover after a disease occur.
AND THE APPLICATION OF UTILITARIAN MITIGATION-PREPAREDNESS-RESPONSE-RECOVERY
PRINCIPLES (DOING THE GREATEST GOOD FOR
THE GREATEST NUMBER WITH THE LEAST
AMOUNT OF HARM)

CHAPTER 3

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

It is a continuous integrated process of planning,

organizing, coordinating, and implementing measures
which are necessary for:

➢ Prevention of danger
➢ Reduction of risk of any disaster MITIGATION - Minimizing the effects of disaster
➢ Capacity Building
PREPAREDNESS - Planning how to respond
➢ Response to any threatening disaster
➢ Evacuation, Rescue and Relief RESPONSE - Efforts to minimize the hazards
➢ Rehabilitation and Reconstruction created by a disaster

Principles of Disaster Management RECOVERY - Returning the community to normal

▪ INDIVIDUALS are responsible for their

own safety
▪ Disaster should focus on large-scale events
▪ Should recognize the difference between
incidents and disasters
▪ Must recognize the involvement and
potential role of non-government agencies

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
 8 NCM 121

Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) Priority Actions

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

Aims to reduce the damage caused by natural

hazards like earthquakes, floods, droughts and
cyclones, through an ethic of prevention

7 Ways to Reduce Vulnerability and Prepare for

Disaster (I Am Kits)

▪ Impact Avoidance
▪ Adaptability
▪ Mobility
▪ Knowledge
▪ Integration Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
▪ Trust
▪ Subsistence The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk
Reduction 2015-2030 (Sendai Framework) was
Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) the first major agreement of the post-2015
The HFA was a global blueprint for disaster risk development agenda and provides Member States
reduction efforts with a ten-year plan, adopted in with concrete actions to protect development gains
January 2005 by 168 Member States of the United from the risk of disaster.
Nations at the World Conference on Disaster The Sendai Framework
Reduction.
It is the successor instrument to the Hyogo
Its overarching goal was to build resilience of Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015: Building
nations and communities to disasters, by achieving the Resilience of Nations and Communities to
substantive reduction of disaster losses by 2015 - Disasters.
in lives, and in the social, economic, and
environmental assets of communities and countries. Focuses on the adoption of measures which address
the three dimensions of disaster risk (exposure to
hazards, vulnerability and capacity, and hazard’s
characteristics) in order to prevent the creation of
new risk, reduce existing risk and increase
resilience.

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
 9 NCM 121

PRIORITY ACTIONS ✓ Social Vulnerability

✓ Economic Vulnerability
✓ Environmental Vulnerability

Reducing Vulnerability to Natural Hazards

7 GLOBAL TARGETS
▪ PRE-EVENT PREPAREDNESS
▪ EMERGENCY RESPONSE
▪ POST EVENT RECONSTRUCTION AND
RECOVERY
▪ BUILDING RESILIENCE IN NON-
DISASTER TIMES

PRE-EVENT PREPAREDNESS

1. The more we know ahead of time about the

event, the more effectively we can prepare
for it.
2. We can develop and implement plans to
reduce harm.
3. It is not enough to have information about
KEY ELEMENTS OF DISASTER (HRVA) upcoming event; the information must be
communicated EFFECTIVELY.
HAZARD-an event that has potential for causing
4. Reducing the impact of hazards can be
injury/ loss of life or damage to
affected through mitigation, forecasting
property/environment
and prediction, early warning and
RISK-probability of harmful consequences, or preparedness.
expected losses resulting from interactions
EXAMPLE OF PRE-EVENT PREPAREDNESS
between natural or human induced hazards and
vulnerable conditions. June 15, 1991 (Mt. Pinatubo Eruption)

VULNERABILITY-condition determined by physical, ▪ Dr. Raymundo Punongbayan, Director of

social, economic and environmental factors or PHILVOCS give early warning to people in
processes, which increase susceptibility of a cooperation of Mass Media.
community to the impact of hazards (UNISDR ▪ Evacuation was ordered, hundreds of
2002) thousands of people left danger zone,
various private and public sectors planned
ELEMENTS THAT MAY BE EXPOSED TO HAZARD
for subsequent emergency response.
PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY ▪ 847 people were killed, eruptions last for 9
hrs.
✓ Human Vulnerability
✓ Agricultural Vulnerability
✓ Structural Vulnerability

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
10 NCM 121

EMERGENCY RESPONSE useful to have in place when an event does

occur
1. Core goal of emergency response is to help
2. We can stockpile certain supplies to be
affected people survive.
available in times of need.
▪ pulling people out from under the rubble 3. Develop insurance schemes to help each
▪ attending the major injuries other recover from damages that occur.
▪ distributing food and water 4. Design and install warning systems to alert
▪ building shelter to extreme events.
5. Study natural hazards so that we know on
2. Involves getting critical infrastructure back up
how to prepare for and respond to them
and running as possible (fuel and electricity,
when extreme event occurs.
transportation routes, telecommunication systems
and clean water supplies).

EXAMPLE OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE EXAMPLE OF BUILDING RESILIENCE IN NON-

DISASTER TIMES

TRIAGE GOAL IS TO ACHIEVE THE ENDS OF HRVA TOOL

THE MOST LIVES SAVED “The greatest good for
the greatest number, with the least harm” The purpose of the HRVA is to help a community
make risk-based choices to address vulnerabilities,
POST EVENT RECONSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY
mitigate hazards and prepare for response to, and
1. Focus shifts to the longer-term project of recovery from, a range of hazard events.
trying to get conditions back to normal, or
Systematic approaches to identifying hazards or
at least as close to normal.
risks that are most likely to have an impact on a
2. Building, roads, bridges and other
healthcare facility and the surrounding community.
infrastructures are rebuilt and repaired.
3. Basic needs come less and less from HRVA TOOL DEFINES:
emergency and more and more from normal
▪ What hazards are likely to occur in my
economic activity.
community?
EXAMPLE OF POST EVENT RECONSTRUCTION AND ▪ How resilient is m community?
RECOVERY ▪ How severe will the impact be on the
Typhoon Haiyan or Yolanda. Based on community’s population, infrastructure,
PAGASA, Typhoon Yolanda is considered the property and environment?
strongest typhoon that hardly hit the country. It ▪ What risk reductions strategies can I
has a wind speed of 315 kilometers per hour, which implement in my community?
caused P95. 5 billion costs of damage, and more HRVA TOOL
than 6,300 people died.
“Getting started In Understanding And Analyzing
BUILDING RESILIENCE IN NON-DISASTER TIMES
Best Interventions to Generate Report on risk
1. Enhance our physical infrastructure, our reduction”
awareness, and other steps that will be

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
11 NCM 121

STEPS in HRVA TOOL STEP 3- UNDERSTAND COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

▪ Describe existing Risk Reduction Measures

▪ Gather or generate community maps
identify critical assets and infrastructure
▪ Identify physical, social, economic and
environmental vulnerabilities
▪ Identify underlying risk factors

STEP 4- Assess Hazard Likelihood

▪ Gather and apply knowledge determine

historical likelihood score
▪ Conduct a hazard likelihood assessment
workshop
STEP 1- GETTING STARTED ▪ Understand and document changing
likelihood
▪ Emphasize the value of CONVERSATION
▪ Assess future likelihood
that occur among a diversity of people and
groups.
▪ Involves gathering and compiling
information and knowledge on the
community that already exists.
▪ Understanding the real status of the
community and means of resources.

STEP 2- IDENTIFY HAZARDS

▪ Gather Hazard Information

▪ Conduct Hazard Identification Interviews
▪ Select Applicable hazard from 57 lists
▪ Define any unique local hazard
▪ Provide a report to executive committee

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
12 NCM 121

STEP 5- Assess Consequence of risk DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

▪ Review Consequence categories and rating It covers activities to enhance the ability to
system predict, respond and to cope with the effect of a
▪ Rate and document consequences of risk disaster.
▪ Document findings
▪ Review your assessment and update if It includes pre-cautionary activities by households,
necessary communities and organizations to react
appropriately during and following the event.
STEP 6- Build a risk profile
GENERAL PREPAREDNESS
▪ Review Hazard priority levels
▪ Generate Risk Matrix and consequence ▪ Fire and Wildfire Preparedness
graph ▪ Earthquake Preparedness
▪ Generate risk level ▪ Volcanic Eruptions Preparedness
▪ Provide report to executive committee ▪ Floods, Storm Surge, Tsunamis
Preparedness
▪
STEP 7-Identify Risk Reduction Strategies

▪ Review Risk reduction measures already in FIRE PREPAREDNESS

place
▪ Recommend a new risk reduction measure It may come by accident but for the most part of it
▪ Conduct a risk reduction measures workshop can be PREVENTED.

STEP 8- Generate and Assemble your report KEY ELEMENTS OF FIRE PREPAREDNESS:

▪ Generate preliminary report ❖ Fire-fighting equipment in good working

▪ Assemble Documents condition
▪ Assemble and review final report (DRAFT) ❖ Fire warning system
▪ Present the HRVA Report to your ❖ Quantity of Extinguishers
management Committee ❖ Fire Training (Knowledge)
❖ Evacuation planning is considered primary
STEP 9- Review and approval of report
action
▪ Obtain feedback from partners
QUICK MANNER IN FIRE EMERGENCY:
▪ Determine a maintenance of schedule
▪ Submit report for official approval F-IRE
▪ Publish and share final report I-NFORM
▪ Provide document feedback R-ESPONSE
E-VACUATE
NOTES

In some communities, the board and council, mayor,

FIRE TRIANGLE
or chief(s) sign off officially HRVA report.
▪ Oxygen-Combustion
HRVA require a small group or committee to lead
▪ Heat-Ignition
the process that can give high level endorsement of
▪ Fuel-Combustible materials
the project (Project team Leader, Community
▪ Fire-Reaction
Participants, Advisory Team, Technical experts,
Government Participants, Emergency Professionals) Note: Take any of these 3 things away, and you will
not have a fire

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
13 NCM 121

It is important to use the right type of extinguisher

on the specific class of fire to avoid personal injury
or damage to property. The wrong type of
extinguisher could cause electrical shock, explosion,
or spread the fire.

DO’S AND DON’TS WHEN THERE IS FIRE

THINGS TO DO:

1. Take fire alarms as EMERGENCY.

2. Open the window, if possible, when a fire
COMMON FIRE HAZARDS exit is unavailable or unreachable.
3. Be aware of your neighbors, report any
missing persons to proper authorities.
4. When there is heavy smoke above the room
towards the EXIT, crawl as there is less
hazardous gases.
5. Use wet towel in your mouth and nose.
6. FLASHLIGHT as an important disaster
preparedness kit for fire
7. REMAIN CALM and EXIT in an orderly
manner

THINGS NOT TO DO:

FIRE SAFETY AND PREVENTION 1. Don’t assume that a fire alarm is a drill
2. Don’t waste time collecting personal items.
▪ Use the stairs not the elevator
Take your keys and yourself to safety as
▪ Stay Low
soon as possible. (Your life is the most
▪ Install smoke alarms
important)
▪ STOP, DROP, ROLL
3. Don’t use the elevators during fire,
▪ Know the way out
ALWAYS USE THE STAIRS.
▪ GET OUT, STAY OUT and CALL FOR HELP
4. DON’T PANIC
▪ Availability of Emergency Hotlines
5. DON’T SHOUT
▪ Establish a family emergency communication
plan and ensure that all household members RECOVERING AFTER A FIRE
know
4 Steps to Take Immediately After Home Fire
▪ Ensure availability of fire extinguisher
▪ Once the flame is out, cool the burned skin 1. Call local emergency number. Give first aid
with water for 3-5 minutes. Call for medical where needed; cool and cover burns.
attention. 2. Let friends and family know you’re safe.

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
14 NCM 121

3. People and animals that are seriously injured MORATLITY: The death toll in the Maui wildfires
or burned should be transported to has risen to 106.
professional medical or veterinary help
AREA AFFECTED: More than 2,500 acres (10,
immediately.
117,141 sqm)
4. Stay out of fire-damaged homes until local
fire authorities say it is safe to re-enter. “It is now the deadliest wildfire in the U.S. in over
Stay safe to your home after a fire. Once a century, and the worst natural disaster in
you are physically safe, take time to ensure Hawaii's history”
your family’s emotional and financial well-
being. HOW TO PREVENT WILDFIRE

▪ Contact your local emergency number, your

WILDFIRE HAZARDS
local fire department.
It is fire in an area of combustible vegetation that ▪ Never leave fire unattended
occurs in the countryside or rural areas. ▪ Make sure lightning and heating devices are
cool before refueling. Store fuel away from
Earth is an intrinsically flammable planet owing to
appliances.
its cover of carbon-rich vegetation, seasonally dry
▪ Do not discard cigarettes, matches and
climates, atmospheric oxygen and widespread
smoking materials anywhere.
lightning and volcano ignitions.
▪ Avoid waste burning (RA 8749)
Wind serve as primary factor in the spread of ▪ Remove all flammables from yard.
wildfires

Classification: Desert fire, bush fire, forest fire,

IF CAUGHT IN A WILDFIRE
grass fire, hill fire peat fire, vegetation fire
1. Do not outrun the blaze, look a body of
Four Major Natural Causes of Wildfires
water to crouch in.
❖ Lightning 2. Find depressed, cleared area with little
❖ Sparks from rock falls vegetation, lie low to the ground and cover
❖ Spontaneous Combustions your body with wet clothing/ blanket (fire-
❖ Volcanic Eruptions safe zone)
3. Clearing dry leaves and vegetation from the
Man-Made Causes of Wildfires
yard
▪ Arson 4. Protect your lungs by breathing air through
▪ Discarded cigarettes moist cloth
▪ Sparks from equipment
FIRE SAFE ZONE
▪ Ignition from hot rifle-bullet fragments
▪ Campfires ▪ 100 Feet of Defensible Space is the Law!
▪ Fireworks ▪ In January 2005 a new state law became
▪ Yard waste burning effective that extended the defensible
▪ Vehicles space clearance around homes and
▪ Human Activity (Primary Cause) structures from 30 feet to 100 feet.
▪ Proper clearance to 100 feet dramatically
MAUI, HAWAI WILDFIRE increases the chance of your house surviving
WHEN: AUGUST 8, 2023 a wildfire.
▪ This defensible space also provides for
CAUSE: Wildfire's devastation is due to a mix of firefighter safety when protecting homes
high temperatures, strong winds from a Category 4 during a wildland fire.
storm near the islands, and drought conditions that
dried out grasses on the island.

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
15 NCM 121

that may arise from volcanic eruptions,

earthquakes, tsunami and other related geotectonic
phenomena.

How does PHIVOLCS monitor earthquakes?

These stations are equipped with seismometers

that detect and record earthquakes. Data is sent to
the PHIVOLCS Data Receiving Center (DRC) to
determine earthquake parameters such a
magnitude, depth of focus and epicenter.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE

▪ Availability of first aid kits and making sure

EARTHQUAKE that everyone knows where they are kept.
▪ Learning first aid is a MUST.
A weak to violent shaking of the ground produced
▪ Avoid keeping heavy objects in high shelves.
by the sudden movement of rock materials below
▪ Discuss earthquake safety in school and at
the earth's surface.
home.
This sudden release of energy causes the seismic ▪ Keep some foods and water good for 3-7
waves that make the ground shake. days.
▪ Know responsibilities during emergency.
The spot underground where the rock first breaks
is called the focus, or hypocenter of the SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING AN EARTHQUAKE
earthquake.
▪ Remain Calm, Don’t panic
EXAMPLE ▪ If outside: Stay away from buildings, trees,
bridges and electric wires. Stay in open
▪ If you throw stone in a pond of still water, place.
series of waves are produced on the surface ▪ If inside vehicles (STOP-STAY-SECURE)
of water. These waves spread out in all ▪ Never use an elevator
directions from the point where the stone ▪ If indoors: get under a sturdy table and
strikes the water. make sure that one head is cover (Drop,
▪ Similarly, any sudden disturbances in the Cover, Hold on).
earth’s crust may produce vibration in the ▪ Stay away from window and outside doors,
crust which travel in all direction from point cabinets, mirrors and bookshelves.
of disturbances.
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
Major causes of earthquake in the Philippines
▪ Check oneself and other people
The Philippines lies along the Pacific Ring of Fire, ▪ Turn on the TV, radio etc,. for emergency
which causes the country to have frequent seismic updates
and volcanic activity. ▪ Stay out of damaged buildings
The Ring of Fire is a string of volcanoes and sites ▪ Always wear helmets and gloves
of seismic activity, or earthquakes, around the ▪ Check appliances, electrical lines, water and
edges of the Pacific Ocean. gas for damage.
▪ Check if there are any spilled of bleaches,
PHIVOLCS gasoline and other inflammable liquids and
clean it up
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
▪ Anticipate and prepare for aftershocks
Seismology (PHIVOLCS) is a service institute of
the Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
that is principally mandated to mitigate disasters

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
16 NCM 121

HOW TO CONDUCT AN EARTQUAKE DRILL IN SCHOOL ▪ Each class should have assigned specific
evacuation sites
OBJECTIVES:
▪ Determine the flow of traffic
1. To ensure safety of parents, students, ▪ Indicate by arrows, the flow of student
teachers and staffs during and after a evacuation
damaging earthquake. ▪ Prepare for Earthquake survival kits
2. To help school administrators and their ▪ Prepare first aid kit
disaster action groups to design a specific
response plan of the school for earthquake.
STAGE 3: Orientation prior to the conduct of
3. To test various elements of the response
earthquake drill
plan designed by the School Disaster
Management Committee (SDMC) Prepare the students a week before the scheduled
4. To train teachers, school staff and student earthquake drill and have time for lecture.
on how to practice proper action and
response during earthquakes. Introduce to the student suggested evacuation
route and assigned open space.
PREPARATION IN CONDUCTING EARTHQUAKE
DRILL IN SCHOOL Instruct them what to do during earthquake:

STAGE 1: Planning and organizing the earthquake ▪ Drop, Cover and Hold
drill ▪ Keep calm, Don’t panic, be alert
▪ Don’t run, Don’t talk, Don’t push
STAGE 2: Developing the school earthquake
▪ Don’t go back to the building
evaluation plan
▪ Quietly proceed to evacuation area
STAGE 3: Orientation prior to the conduct of
STAGE 4: Actual Conduct of earthquake drill
earthquake drill
Prior to scheduled drill, Inform neighborhood
STAGE 4: Actual Conduct of earthquake drill
regarding the drill.
Note: To be effective, earthquake drill should be Once siren is heard, perform 1minute DROP, COVER
done regularly. AND HOLD

STAGE 1: Planning and organizing the earthquake After 1minute siren, student should proceed to
drill designated area

▪ Form a School Disaster Management Teacher should make a head count.

Committee
PHASES OF AN EARTHQUAKE DRILL IN SCHOOL
▪ Members should evaluate the school and
conduct building watching exercise PHASE 1- ALARM
✓ Availability of recent school ground
lay out or plan/map PHASE 2- RESPONSE
✓ Observe hazardous areas and PHASE 3- EVACUATION
practices within school premises
✓ Assess structural integrity of the PHASE 4- ASSEMBLY
school building PHASE 5- HEAD COUNT

PHASE 6-EVALUATION
STAGE 2: Developing the school earthquake
evaluation plan AREA

▪ Determine if there is sufficient open spaces HARMS ELIMINATION

for all
▪ Consider the number of students

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
17 NCM 121

VOLCANIC ERUPTION AGENCIES provide direct assistance to

individuals and family affected.
Occur as a result of heat moving under Earth's 2. Importance of Hazard Map
surface. They often begin with an accumulation of
gas-rich magma (molten underground rock) in Hazard Map
reservoirs near Earth's surface, though they may It is a form of communication to the public in
be preceded by emissions of steam and gas from relating the potential dangers of volcanic eruption.
small vents in the ground.
It is of utmost importance to be familiar with the
HOW CAN WE TELL THAT VOLCANO WILL hazard maps especially among people who live near
ERUPT? volcano.
▪ Increase in the frequency of volcanic
FLOOD
quakes
▪ Increased steaming activity It is the abnormal rise of water level in rivers,
▪ Crater glow (MOLTEN LAVA) coastal areas, plains, and in highly urbanized
▪ Ground swells centers which be result of natural phenomenon,
▪ Localized landslides, rock falls and human activities or both.
landslides from the summit
Most frequent and costly natural disasters.
▪ Increase in the extent of drying up
vegetation around volcano As floodwaters spread they can threaten lives,
▪ Drying up of springs/wells around the damage properties and businesses, destroy
volcano belongings, damage vital infrastructure and prevent
access to essential public services.

BEFORE A VOLCANIC ERUPTION

TYPES OF FLOOD
1. Learn about your community warning
system and emergency plans. Flash Flood- Flooding that begins within 6 hours,
2. Make Family Emergency Plan, evacuation and often within 3 hours, of the heavy rainfall (or
plan, emergency communication plan. other cause). Flash Floods can be caused by a
number of things, but is most often due to
DURING AND AFTER VOLCANIC ERUPTION
extremely heavy rainfall from thunderstorms.
1. Follow the evacuation order issued by
River flood-occurs when the water level in a river,
authorities and evacuate immediately
lake or stream rises and overflows onto the
2. Be aware of danger from mudflows.
neighboring land.
3. Avoid low lying areas.
4. Protect from falling ash. Stay inside. Coastal flooding usually occurs during seasonal high
5. Listen to a battery powered radio or tides and storms that push water toward the shore.
television
Urban flooding occurs when city landscapes cannot
6. Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants
absorb excess water after prolonged periods of
7. Use goggles, wear eyeglasses, dust mask or
intense rainfall, river overtopping, or storm surge.
hold
8. Avoid running cars or truck engines. (35MPH Ice jams occur when a topographic feature of the
or slower) river causes floating river ice to accumulate and
9. Volcanic crisis communication impede further progress downstream with the river
current. Ice jams can significantly reduce the flow
RECOVERY PROCESS
of a river and cause upstream flooding.
1. LGU, DSWD, PHILIPPINE RED CROSS
AND OTHER LOCAL AND VOUNTARY

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
18 NCM 121

CAUSES OF FLOOD How to give Doxycycline (100mg/cap)?

▪ Intense rainfall CONSIDERATIONS:

▪ Poor natural drainage
Weight?
▪ Landslides leading to obstruction of flow
Age?
and change in the river course.
Exposure?
▪ River carrying flows in excess of their
1. Without Wounds
capacities
2. With Wounds
Facts about FLOOD: 3. Consistent flooded area for prolong period

▪ Flash floods are the most dangerous kind of CONTRAINDICATIONS:

floods, because they combine the
1. Age
destructive power of a flood with incredible
2. Pregnant
speed and unpredictability.
▪ Human activities can cause flash floods.
▪ Destruction in roads, farms, houses, COPING WITH FLOODING
autommobiles.
▪ Flood preparedness and Mitigation (hazard
▪ Contamination in the drinking water that
mapping)
may lead to diseases.
▪ Capacity Development
▪ Deforestation plays many roles in the
▪ Importance of flood forecasting
flooding equation.
▪ Flood response
WHAT TO DO BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER
FLOODS
Health Emergency Monitoring System (HEMS)
▪ All family members should know the safe
Name of Tropical Depression:
routes to nearest shelter
Municipality:
▪ Tune to your local radio/TV for warnings
Report as of: 9AM AND 4PM
and advice
A. Magnitude of Event
▪ Have an emergency kit ready.
1. Flooding (Barangay)
▪ Keep dry food, drinking water and clothes
2. # of Families and Individuals
ready.
affected: Active EC
▪ Keep mobile phones active. Availability of
(Male, Female, Children, 18-59y/o,
emergency hotlines.
SC, Pregnant, PWD)
▪ Evacuate as soon as possible
B. Health Consequences
▪ Raise furniture, clothing and valuable onto
# of death
beds, tables and in attic.
# of missing
▪ Turn off the main power supply.
C. Casualties
▪ Do not get into the water of unknown depth
D. Health Facilities in affected areas
and current.
# of affected health facilities:
▪ Do not allow children to play in, or near
Type of Health Facility:
flood water
Status:
▪ If there is any injury, quickly seek for
E. Lifelines in the affected area
medical assistance
-Electricity/Water/Bridges
▪ Take prophylaxis (Doxycycline)
-Status
F. Actions Taken
G. Problems Encountered
H. Recommendations

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
19 NCM 121

STORM SURGE Focus

A storm surge is a rise in sea level that occurs 1. Universal Emergency Code System
during tropical cyclones, intense storms also known UNIVERSAL EMERGENCY CODE SYSTEM
as typhoons or hurricanes. The storms produce
strong winds that push the water into shore, which ▪ Emergency codes are extremely important
can lead to flooding. This makes storm surges very for the safety of everyone inside a hospital.
dangerous for coastal regions ▪ They allow doctors and administrative
employees to respond quickly and
Storm surge rises from 10-15 ft. more than 15ft is effectively to save lives in emergency
already a storm tide which is more dangerous than a situations.
storm surge.

TSUNAMI

A series of extremely long waves caused by a large

and sudden displacement of the ocean, usually the
result of an earthquake below or near the ocean
floor.

It can produce unusually strong currents, rapidly

flood land and cause great destruction.

The flow and force of the water and the debris it

carries can destroy boats, vehicles, and buildings
and other structures; cause injuries; and take lives
as the tsunami moves across the land.
Loss of water supply GREY
What to do: BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER 15 day old baby boy BLUE
STORM SURGE AND TSUNAMI who is suffering from
respiratory arrest
▪ Avoid staying in coastal areas.
▪ Evacuate to a higher area. Loss of electric power GREY
▪ Cancel all beach trips and travelling in supply
water. Bomb threat message BLACK
▪ Elevate all your belongings to avoid from Leak of chemicals in BROWN
soaking. the laboratory
▪ Do not wait for the water to reach you. There is fire in the RED
kitchen
Evacuate immediately when authorities
Stabbing, kicking, WHITE
advised to do so.
punching
▪ Return to our homes ONLY when authorities
25 y/o patient with BLUE
have declared a danger free situation.
cardiac arrest
▪ Beware of live wires. Do not use appliances
Significant others SILVER
soak in water. Make sure to dry them first. bring weapon (gun) in
the facility
Smelling gas along the BROWN
COMMUNICATION PLAN corridor of hospital
Identifying that YELLOW
Communication Plan elderly patient in room
101 is missing
outlines how to distribute information during a
All patients in ward 1 GREEN
crisis and ensure that everyone is on the same page.
are needed to transfer
into ward 2

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
20 NCM 121

Threatening to injure PURPLE PERSONAL AND HOME DISASTER SURVIVAL

or kill them if people PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
do not meet certain
demands ▪ Assembling Emergency Kit
Mass Casualty incidents ORANGE ▪ Learning Preparedness Skills
after Pagoda Tragedy
ASSEMBLING EMERGENCY KIT

Two questions in building own emergency kit?

FAMILY COMMUNICATION PLAN
1. Who is this kit for?
Preparing Family Communication Plan (No of individuals/Families)

▪ “What if something happens and I’m not 2. What kind of emergencies could affect me?
with my family?” (Location and possible disaster)
(Shelter in place or need to evacuate)
▪ “Will I be able to reach them?”
▪ “How will I know they are safe?” ESSENTIALS FOR AN EMERGENCY KIT
▪ “How can I let them know if I’m OK?
1) Water
It tells your family what to do, how to find each 2) Food
other, and how to communicate in case of an 3) Communication and lights
emergency. Your plan should include strategy for 4) First aid
both communication and meeting up. 5) Shelter and clothing
6) Comfort and cleanliness
3 STEPS IN PLANNING
7) Everything else (others)
1. COLLECT
2. SHARE
3. PRACTICE WATER

▪ Disaster can make impact on clean water

STEP 1: COLLECT supply
▪ Plan at least 1 gallon/person/day
Lists contact information of the following:
▪ Consider using a portable water filtering
▪ Family, important people, workmates, straw (LIFESTRAW)
medical facilities, doctors, schools,
FOOD
emergency hotlines
▪ Disaster = SHUT DOWN OF MOST
STEP 2: SHARE
GROCERY STORE AND RESTAURANTS
Make sure that each member has a copy of lists of ▪ Prepare easy to eat food like energy bars,
contacts. nuts, fried fruits, hot meals, canned goods.
▪ Least priority (Perishable goods)
Everyone must know who will they contact
immediately in time of disaster. (Head of the COMMUNICATION AND LIGHTS
family)
▪ To keep updated in the disaster situation
STEP 3: PRACTICE such as weather, evacuations and important
emergency information.
Someone will serve as the lead person to send out
▪ Each member of the family must have
information about the designated meeting place for
accessible individual lights for safety
the household
purposes.
Have a regular household meeting to review,
update and practice plans

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
21 NCM 121

FIRST AID Overall purpose of an emergency kit in the

context of preparedness
▪ Disasters aren’t called disaster for no
reason ▪ To increase your chances of survival and
▪ Label everything for convenient use and comfort during emergencies
place everything on water proof bag/
Frequently Asked Questions regarding
container.
EMERGENCY KIT
▪ COMMON ESSENTIALS:
How many days should my kit last? - 72 hours
- Bandages
- Gauze How should I store my emergency kits? -Tight
- Antibiotic ointment sealed containers
- Burn cream
- Pain medication Where should I store my emergency kit? -
- Band aid Accessible
- Betadine LEARNING PREPAREDNESS SKILLS
- Alcohol
- Allergy Medicine ▪ Cooking
- Tourniquet ▪ Exercise
- Thermometer ▪ Making things from scratch
▪ Sewing
SHELTER AND CLOTHING ▪ Maintenance
▪ Keep self-warm and dry. ▪ First aid
▪ Each emergency kit must have at least 1 ▪ Mindset
extra clothes/person along with ▪ Self defense
emergency blanket. ▪ Fire
▪ Homestead/ off grid

REMEMBER
COMFORT AND CLEANLINESS
NOBODY IS SAYING YOU THAT YOU HAVE TO
▪ To prevent other diseases, it is
LEARN ALL THESE SKILLS RIGHT NOW. The
important to maintain sanitation.
most important thing to remember is: JUST
▪ Assure supplies of baby wipes, garbage
START!
bag, toiletries and other personal
hygiene items and the like. PATTERNS OF SURVIVAL (STAYING ALIVE)
▪ Having some card games and favorite
▪ Findings Fast Solutions Naturally
books are BIG HELP!
▪ Food and water procurement
EVERYTHING ELSE OTHER ESSENTIALS: ▪ Signals
▪ Navigation
▪ Insurance Paper
▪ Special Needs
▪ Passport
▪ Other documents (PSA) Findings Fast Solutions Naturally
▪ Multitool/Pocket knife
▪ Natural disaster is becoming more
▪ Construction Tools
frequent, growing more severe and
NOTE: Extra cash affecting more people than before.
▪ According to Center for Research and
(For last minute essentials and down ATMs and
Epidemiology of Disasters and the United
Credit Card Machines)
Nations:

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
22 NCM 121

SIGNALS

Distress signal is an internationally recognized

means of obtaining help.

It indicates that a person or group of people, ship,

aircraft and other vehicle is threatened by serious
Findings Fast Solutions Naturally or imminent danger and requires immediate
1. Early Warning System assistance.
2. Community education and preparedness To make distress signal successful, two parameters
3. Infrastructure resilience must be communicated:
4. Land-Use Planning
5. Disaster recovery plan 1. Alert or notification of an emergency in
6. International Cooperation progress
7. Government Coordination 2. Position or location of the party in distress
8. Technological Advancement
9. Community Resilience
10. Research and Innovation

Food and Water procurement

▪ Prepare an Emergency Food Supply

▪ How to Store Emergency Food
▪ Preparing Food
▪ Prepare an Emergency Water Supply
▪ Water Containers (Clean and Sanitize)

Prepare an Emergency Food Supply – good for 3-7

days

SMOKE SIGNALS AS FORM OF COMMUNICATIONS

How to store emergency food? – cool, dry, dark ▪ Native American Smoke Signals
place ▪ Chinese Warning Smoke Signals
Preparing Food- ▪ Roman Smoke Signals
▪ Chilean Smoke Signals
Emergency Water Supply and Cleaning of Water
Container – unscented bleach NAVIGATION

The science of getting ships, aircraft, or

spacecraft from place to place. especially: the
method of determining position, course, and
distance travelled.

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
23 NCM 121

The considerable application of GPS (Global EXAMPLE SCENARIO

Positioning System) in emergency disaster
New case of COVID-19 patient was identified in
management is to track emergency supplies and
Purok 2, Bambang, Bocaue, Bulacan.
vehicles.
Patient assessment and monitoring should take
Navigation Kit
place as initial management for patient status.
▪ Compass
Primary- Directly contact patient through phone
▪ Timepiece
messages/call
▪ Celestial Nav. Cal
▪ Pilot chart Alternate- Communicating to patient through other
▪ Marine sextant form of social media like Messenger and Viber.
▪ Radio direction finder
Contingency- If patient do not have direct access
Special Needs to any form of social media platforms. We
communicate to family members, friends and other
TARGET: VULNERABLE CLIENTS
relatives living nearby the patient.
Issues and Concerns:
Emergency- We ask help to other members of
▪ Mobility BHERT (BHWS, ML, LLN, TANOD) to check patient
▪ Maintenance Medication status. Conduct visit to area and monitor for strict
▪ Requires special management and treatment isolation
▪ Needs for necessary supplies
▪ Maternal Issues
SHELTER IN PLACE OR BUGGING OUT

SHELTER IN PLACE MEANS

PACE PLANNING
It means you’re staying put wherever you are,
PACE is a methodology developed by the US
whether its work, school, at home, or even in your
Military to help build resilient communication plans
vehicle.
for organizations that need to ensure
communications regardless of the situation. Selecting a small, interior room, with no or few
windows, and taking refuge there.
PACE is an acronym for :
According to the CDC, shelter in place orders
- Primary
usually mean you should stay inside a building, room,
- Alternate
or vehicle until additional guidance is given.
- Contingency
- Emergency Note: Secure emergency kit (good for 3 days
minimum)

BUGGING OUT MEANS

To evacuate your home in the face of crisis.

If something BAD is going to happen, BUGGING

OUT is the best solution.

AREA: ACCESSIBILITY AND SAFETY

Main Concern: Financial Resources, Forced to bug

out, Health Risk

Mandatory order for Evacuation Center in

Barangays, Municipality/Cities

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B
24 NCM 121

Major Concerns in Evacuation Center

SN | ELLA HISTORILLO – 4B