Crisp Relations and Fuzzy Relations

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 Crisp Relations
A crisp relation represents the presence or absence of association,
interaction, or interconnectedness between the elements of two or more
sets.

Cartesian product of two universes X & Y is

X x Y = {(x, y)| x  X, y  Y}
where (x, y) is ordered pair
Let A = {0, 1} and B = {a, b, c}

A x B = {(0, a), (0, b), (0, c), (1, a), (1, b), (1, c)}
A B a b c
0 a
1 1 1
𝑅 =0
1 1 1 1
1 b
Relation Matrix
Unconstrained relation
Sagittal diagram c
Unconstrained relation
from A to B
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Cont…
For unconstrained relation,
1, x, y  XxY
XxY (𝑥,y) =
0, x,y  XxY

For constrained relation,

1, x, y  R
R (𝑥,y) = where R  (XxY)
0, x, y  R

Let R = {(0,b), (1,a), (1,c)} constrained relation

0 a
a b c
0 1 0
1 b R = 01
1 0 1

c
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Cont…
Null relation, R - All elements in the relation matrix is zero.

Complete relation, ER - All elements in the relation matrix is 1.

Cardinality of crisp relation: XxY = X.Y

Cardinality of the power set P(XxY),  P ( XxY )  2 X .Y

Operations on Crisp Relations

R and S are two relations defined on XxY

• Union: R  S R S (x,y) = [R(x,y)  S(x,y)]
• Intersection: R  S RS (x,y) = [R(x,y)  S(x,y)]

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 Cont…

• Complement: 𝑅  𝑅 (x,y) = 1 -  R(x,y)

• Containment: If R  S then  R(x,y)   S(x,y)

Properties of Crisp Relations

• Properties of crisp sets also hold good for crisp relations

Composition of Crisp Relations

• R & S are crisp relations defined on X x Y and Y x Z as shown:

x1
y1 R = { (x1, y1), (x1, y3), (x2, y4)}
x2 z1 S = { (y1, z2), (y3, z2)}
y2
T=R S
x3 y3 z2 where T represents the same
relation on X x Z

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y4
 Crisp Composition
• Max – Min Composition

 T ( x, z )    R ( x, y )   S ( y, z )
yY

• Max – Product Composition

 T ( x, z )    R ( x, y ). S ( y, z )
yY

Assignment: y1 y2 y3 y4 z1 z2
x1 1 0 1 0 y1 0 1
R  x2 0 0 0 1 y2 0 0
and S
x3 0 0 0 0 y3  0 1
 
y 4 0 0

Find (i) max-min and (ii) max-product composition.

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 Cont…
T ( x1 , z1 ) = max[min(x1y1, y1z1), min(x1y2, y2z1), min(x1y3, y3z1), min(x1y4, y4z1)]
= max[min(1,0), min(0,0), min(1,0), min(0,0)]
= max[0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
=0
z1 z 2
x1 0 1

T  x2 0 0 
x3 0 0

For crisp relations, max-min and max-product compositions result in the same
relation.

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 Fuzzy Relations
• Fuzzy relation represents a degree of presence or absence of associations,
interaction, or interconnectedness between the elements of two or more fuzzy
sets.

• In fuzzy sense, there exists always some relation between any two objects in
the real world.

• The strength of relation varies on the unit interval [0, 1].

• Fuzzy relation R
~
maps cartesian space X x Y to the interval [0, 1] and  R ( x, y )
~

expresses the strength of relation

• Cardinality of A , A   ; hence the cardinality of fuzzy relation between two
~ ~

or more universes is also infinity.

Example: Let R
~
be the fuzzy relation between two sets A and B where A is the

set of diseases and B is the set of symptoms.

A = {typhoid, viral fever, common cold}
B = {running nose, high temperature, shivering}
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 Cont…
The fuzzy relation R
~
may be defined as

Running High Shivering

nose temperature
Typhoid 0.1 0.9 0.8
Viral fever 0.2 0.9 0.7
Common cold 0.9 0.4 0.6

Fuzzy Cartesian Product

A & Bare defined on universe X and Y respectively then
~ ~
A B  R  X  Y , and
~ ~ ~

 R ( x, y )   AB ( x, y )  min( A ( x),  B ( y )

~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Assignment: 0.2 0.5 1

A  
~ x1 x2 x3
0.3 0.9
B  Find: A B
~ y1 y2 ~ ~ 9
Cont… y1 y2
x1 0.2 0.2
 A B  R  x2 0.3 0.5
~ ~ ~  
x3 
0.3 0.9


Operations on Fuzzy Relations

R& Sare fuzzy relations defined on X x Y

~ ~
 
Union:  R  S ( x, y )  max   R ( x, y ),  S ( x, y ) 
~ ~  ~ ~ 
Intersection:  R  S ( x, y )  min  
 ~
( x, y ),  S ( x, y ) 

~ ~  R
~ 
Complement:  R ( x, y )  1   R ( x, y )
~ ~

Containment: R  S   R ( x, y )   S ( x, y )
~ ~ ~ ~

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 Fuzzy Composition
If R be fuzzy relation on X x Y, S be fuzzy relation on Y x Z, then the
~ ~

corresponding fuzzy relation T

~
existing on X x Z is given by

T  R S where
~ ~ ~

T ( x, z )     R ( x, y )   S ( y, z ) Max-min composition

~ yY  ~ ~ 

T ( x, z )     R ( x, y ). S ( y, z ) Max-product composition

~ yY  ~ ~ 

Assignment: X = {x1, x2}, Y = {y1, y2}, and Z = {z1, z2, z3}

Two fuzzy relations are given by
y1 y2 z1 z2 z3
x1 0.7 0.5 y 0.9 0.6 0.2
R  S 1
~ x2 0.8 0.4 and ~ y2  0.1 0.7 0.5
Obtain fuzzy relation T as a composition between the fuzzy relation.
~
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Cont…

z1 z2 z3 z1 z2 z3
x 0.7 0.6 0.5 x 0.63 0.42 0.25
T  1 T  1
~ x2 0.8 0.6 0.4 ~ x2 0.72 0.48 0.20
Max-min Composition Max-product Composition

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