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Maths Notes For Class 10 Chapter 15 Probability

This document provides definitions and concepts related to probability. It defines key terms like experiment, trial, event, sample space, and favorable cases. It explains that the probability of an event is defined as the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of possible outcomes. The probability of any event must be between 0 and 1, where 0 means the event cannot occur and 1 means it is certain to occur. It also describes finding the probability of simple events and defines complementary events as events whose probabilities sum to 1.

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202 views2 pages

Maths Notes For Class 10 Chapter 15 Probability

This document provides definitions and concepts related to probability. It defines key terms like experiment, trial, event, sample space, and favorable cases. It explains that the probability of an event is defined as the number of favorable outcomes divided by the total number of possible outcomes. The probability of any event must be between 0 and 1, where 0 means the event cannot occur and 1 means it is certain to occur. It also describes finding the probability of simple events and defines complementary events as events whose probabilities sum to 1.

Uploaded by

dexterhims1
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Maths Class 10 Notes for Probability


PROBABILITYASAMEASUREOFUNCERTAIINITY

EXPERIMENT: An operation which can produce some well defined outcomes, is known as
an experiment.

TRIAL : Performing of an experiment is called Trial.


For example : Tossing a coin, throwing a dice.

EVENT : The outcomes of an experiment are called events. For example Getting a head or tail
tossing a coin is an Event.

EQUALLY LIKELY EVENT : Outcomes of trial are said to be equally likely if taking into
consideration all the relevant evidences, there is no reason to expect one in preference to the
others. For example,

(a) In throwing an unbiased die, all the six faces are equally likely to come.

ELEMENTARY EVENT : An event having only one outcome is called an elementary event.

REMARK: The sum of the probabilities of all the elementary events of an experiment is 1.

SAMPLE SPACE : The set of all possible outcomes in a trial is called sample space.

For instance :

(i) If a fair coin is tossed, there are two possible outcomes, namely head (H) & Tail (T). Sample
space S = { H, T}

(ii) In unbaised die is thrown; S = { 1, 2,-3, 4, 5,6)

(iii) When two coins are tossed ; S = HH, HT, TH,TT}

FAVOURABLE CASES : If we toss a coin, the number of favourable cases for a head is 1
i.e., (H) and total number of equally likely cases =2 i.e., (T, H)

PROBABILITY: Mathematically, Probability of an event E, is defined as,

P(E) = n(E) / n(S) = ) No.of outcomes of favourable cases to E / Total No. of possible
outcomes

The probability of an event E is a number between 0 and 1 inclusive i.e., 0 ≤P(E)≤1

(i) If P(E) = 0, then the event cannot possibly occur. An event that cannot occur has 0
probability; Such an event is called impossible event.

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(ii) If P(E) = 1, then the event is certain to occur. An event that is certain to occur has
probability equal to one and is called a sure event.

PROCEDURE FOR FINDING SIMPLE PROBABILITY OF AN EVENT

(i) Count the total number of outcomes in the sample space i.e., n(S);

(ii) Then count all possible outcomes of the event E + e — n(E).

(iii) Substitute these values in the below given formula for probability of event E.
P(E) = n(E) / n(S)

COMPLEMENTARYEVENT

Let E denote the event ‘E does not occur’. Then

P(E) = n(E) / n (S)

= n(S) – n(E) / n(S) = 1 – n(E) / n(S)

P(E) = 1— P(E) P(E) + P(E) = 1

i.e. P(E) + P(not E) = 1

Thus P (not E) = 1— P (E), this event is said to be a complementary event.

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