0% found this document useful (0 votes)
42 views145 pages

Exam Practice Questions CWA

The document contains 7 questions regarding exercise science topics such as the cardiovascular system response to physical activity, skeletal muscle fiber characteristics and their role in different sports, energy pathways and their support of different activities, and the relationship between muscle fiber makeup and athletic potential. Multiple questions involve calculations using Newton's laws of motion. Diagrams are provided for questions analyzing front and Smith machine squats.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
42 views145 pages

Exam Practice Questions CWA

The document contains 7 questions regarding exercise science topics such as the cardiovascular system response to physical activity, skeletal muscle fiber characteristics and their role in different sports, energy pathways and their support of different activities, and the relationship between muscle fiber makeup and athletic potential. Multiple questions involve calculations using Newton's laws of motion. Diagrams are provided for questions analyzing front and Smith machine squats.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 145

Questions

Q1.

Analyse how the cardiovascular system responds during physical activity to allow athletes to
perform at their optimum level.

(12)

(Total for question = 12 marks)

Q2.

* Analyse how the structural and functional characteristics of the different skeletal muscle fibres
contribute to success in different sports.

Use your knowledge and understanding from across the course of study to answer this question.

(15)

(Total for question = 15 marks)

Q3.

Analyse how the three energy pathways support different types of activity.

(15)

(Total for question = 15 marks)


Q4.

* Analyse the view that muscle fibre make up dictates a person's sporting pathway.

Use your knowledge and understanding from across the course of study to answer this question.

(12)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 12 marks)

Q5.

(a) Calculate the force a basketball player weighing 68 kg applies to the ground while standing.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Using Newton's law of action and reaction (third law), describe how the basketball player
uses this force to perform a jump shot.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)


Q6.

(a) Using Newton's Law of Acceleration (second law), calculate the force needed to accelerate a
mass of 15 kg at 15 m s-2.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) A force of 75 N produces an acceleration of 3 m s-2 on an object. Calculate the mass of the
object.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q7.

Look at Figure 1, showing a front squat and Figure 2, showing a Smith machine squat.

The load for both exercises is 100 kg. The moment arm length between the knee and the 'line of
force' is 0.30 m for the front squat and 0.40 m for the Smith machine squat.
(a) Calculate the 'moment of force' at the knee in both exercises. You must show your working.

(i) Front squat

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Smith machine squat

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) When performing a squat there is movement at the knee in both the upward and downward
phase.

Using the table below:

(i) identify the muscles around the knee that are contracting.

(4)

(ii) identify the types of contractions that they are performing to allow the complete range of
movement of the squat.

(3)
(Total for question = 11 marks)

Q8.

Figure 2 below shows the forces acting on runners A, B and C.

(a) Calculate the resultant force acting on each runner.


(i) Runner A

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Runner B

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(iii) Runner C

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Describe the effect of the resultant force on each of the three runners' speed/velocity.

(3)

Runner A

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

Runner B

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

Runner C

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q9.
(a) Define the term pressure gradient.

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Examine how the body uses pressure gradients in order to facilitate inspiration and
expiration.

(6)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 7 marks)

Q10.

Two rugby players go into a tackle. Player A has a mass of 92 kg and is accelerating at a rate of
2m/s/s. Player B has a mass of 65 kg and is accelerating at a rate of 3m/s/s.
Use Newton's 2nd Law of Motion to:

(a) calculate the resultant force at the point of impact. You must show your working.

(4)

...........................................................

(b) identify which player the resultant force favours.

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q11.

Outline what is meant by an unhealthy lifestyle.

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)


Q12.

(a) Define the term 'bradycardia'.

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Explain how 'bradycardia' occurs.

(3)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q13.

(a) Define the following movements.

(i) Adduction

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Supination

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(iii) Dorsi flexion

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Identify the type of movement made when an athlete points their toes.

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) Using sporting examples, explain the difference between rotation and circumduction.

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)


Q14.

Define the following:

(a) eccentric contraction

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) concentric contraction

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q15.

(a) Define the term partial pressure.

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Explain the role of pressure gradients in ventilation.

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q16.

(a) Define the term vital capacity.

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Outline the change in four respiratory values during aerobic exercise.

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q17.

Define the following:

(a) agonist

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) antagonist.

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 2 marks)


Q18.

Define the following terms:

(a) synergist

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) fixator.

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q19.

Define the following movements:

(a) circumduction

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) plantar flexion

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q20.

Using an example, describe how a muscle can perform different roles as part of an antagonistic
pair.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q21.

Describe how oxygen is transferred from the alveoli to muscles at rest.

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q22.

Using a sporting example, describe the term isometric contraction.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q23.

Describe the three elements of the third class lever at the elbow joint in a biceps curl.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q24.

* Discuss how an athlete might seek to manage fatigue when performing at varying intensities.

Use your knowledge and understanding from across the course of study to answer this question.

(Total for question = 15 marks)

Q25.

Discuss how the cardiovascular and respiratory systems function to allow optimum performance
by an endurance athlete.

(Total for question = 12 marks)

Q26.

Discuss the effect of the physiological adaptations that occur in muscle cells as a result of
long-term anaerobic training.

(12)

(Total for question = 12 marks)


Q27.

* Discuss the likely effects of an unhealthy lifestyle on the body.

Use your knowledge and understanding from across the course of study to answer this question.

(15)

(Total for question = 15 marks)

Q28.

Discuss the factors in the table below that contribute to an unhealthy lifestyle in the UK and their
potential effects on the cardiovascular system.

(15)

(Total for question = 15 marks)


Q29.

Examine how an unhealthy lifestyle can affect the cardiorespiratory system.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)


Q30.

Examine how athletes might adapt their subsequent training in order to cope with the effects of
exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD) and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS).

(8)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q31.

Examine how priming exercise affects subsequent performance.

(8)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q32.

With reference to the exercise intensity and duration, examine how the ATP-PC system provides
energy for ATP re-synthesis.

(8)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q33.

Examine how the muscular system responds to a warm-up.

(8)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q34.

Examine how the slow component of recovery returns the body to homeostasis.

(8)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q35.

Examine the chronic adaptions to the cardiovascular system experienced after a sustained
period of endurance training.

(8)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q36.

Examine the different forms of energy and how they are used during activity.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q37.

Examine the function of the neuromuscular system in a muscle contraction.

(8)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q38.

Referring to the muscles used, examine the movements produced at the shoulder. Use sporting
examples to illustrate your answer.

(8)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q39.

Examine the purpose of warming up to improve cardiac function during sporting activity.

(6)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q40.

Explain how excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) enables the body to return to
homeostasis.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q41.

Explain how the structures of four different components of the cardiovascular system enable
them to be suited to their functions.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q42.

Explain how three structural adaptations cause a corresponding functional response in the
cardiovascular system as a result of endurance-based training.

(6)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q43.

During intense racing, an endurance swimmer will require a greater volume of air per breath
than when at rest.

Explain how the swimmer achieves a greater volume of air per breath during a race.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)


Q44.

Explain how the body responds to priming exercise used as part of a warm-up.

(6)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q45.
Explain how four different characteristics of slow twitch muscle fibres (type 1) enable them to
be better suited to endurance activities.

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q46.

Explain how the structure of the following components of the cardiovascular system allows them
to function effectively:

(a) artery

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) vein
(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) capillary.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q47.

Explain how training can adjust the recruitment of different fibre types.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q48.

Explain how four characteristics of type IIx muscle fibres enable them to be suited to anaerobic
physical activities.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q49.

Explain strategies the coach of a team might employ to maximise recovery opportunities during
a match.

(6)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q50.

Explain the changes in respiratory volumes during exercise as shown in Figure 1 below.

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q51.

Explain, using examples, the impact of an unhealthy lifestyle on the cardiorespiratory system.

(6)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q52.

(a) Identify the type of muscle fibre that would be dominant in a marathon runner.

(1)
Type 1 muscle fibre, slow twtich fibre
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Explain how the characteristics of these fibres are suitable for a marathon runner.

(4)
Slow contraction speed of the muscles, which helps
.............................................................................................................................................
the muscle work for longer resisting to fatigue. A lot
of myoglobin in the fibres which allows for a higher
.............................................................................................................................................
concentration of oxygen to be sent to the muscle.
.............................................................................................................................................
High content of mitocondria in the fibres which
allows respiration to take place more often which
.............................................................................................................................................
allows a greater amount of energy to be supplied in
the muscle.
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q53.

Identify four muscular-skeletal adaptations of the body to weight training, using heavy weights
and few repetitions.

Muscle hypertrophy which increases size of muscle fibres. (4)


Increased bone density,
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q54.

When performing a squat there is movement at the knee in both the upward and downward
phases. There is a two second hold at the bottom of the squat.

Identify the prime mover(s) and type of contraction at the knee joint in each phase of the squat.
Quadriceps eccentric

quadriceps

isometric

hamstrings

quadriceps concentric

(Total for question = 7 marks)

Q55.

List three types of movement possible at the shoulder joint.

(3)

abbduction
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

adduction
2 ..........................................................................................................................................
rotation
3 ..........................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q56.

List two movements made at the knee.

(1)
flexion
(a) ........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(1)
extension
(b) .......................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q57.

(a) Name a track event that would mainly use fast oxidative glycolytic (IIa) muscle fibres.

(1)
200m sprint
.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Summarise why this muscle fibre type is best suited to this activity.

High contration speed and (3)


fatigues slower than 2b
.............................................................................................................................................
muscle fibre
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q58.

Name the two muscle groups that act at the knee joint.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q59.

(a) Name the respiratory volumes labelled A to E in Figure 2.


Figure 2

(i) A

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) B

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(iii) C

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(iv) D

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(v) E

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Define the terms:

(i) functional residual capacity


(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) total lung capacity.

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 7 marks)

Q60.

Outline the mechanical process of inspiration.

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q61.

Outline the mechanical process of inspiration at rest.

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q62.

Outline the stages of excitation and contraction during a muscular contraction.

(6)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q63.

Figure 1

A footballer taking a penalty kick

(a) State Newton's law of inertia (first law of motion).


(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Using Newton's law of inertia, identify how the footballer moves the ball towards the goal.

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) Describe the muscular actions at the right knee joint during the preparation phase of taking
a penalty.

(3)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q64.

(a) State Newton's Second Law of Motion.

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

Two rugby players go into a tackle. Player A has a mass of 91 kg and is accelerating at a rate of
2.5 m/s/s. Player B has a mass of 63 kg and is accelerating at a rate of 4 m/s/s.

(b) Using Newton's Second Law of Motion, calculate the force of each player in the tackle, the
resultant force at the point of impact and who has the advantage.

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q65.

The ankle joint is identified as a second class lever.

(a) When standing on tiptoes, state which component acts as:

(i) the effort/force

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) the fulcrum/pivot


(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(iii) the load/resistance.

(1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Describe the advantages and disadvantages of a second class lever.

(3)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q66.

State if each of the three lever systems has a mechanical advantage, mechanical disadvantage
or both.

(1)

(a) 1st class lever:


.............................................................................................................................................

(1)

(b) 2nd class lever:


............................................................................................................................................
(1)

(c) 3rd class lever:


.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q67.

(a) Explain how three of the structural characteristics of slow twitch muscle fibres enable the
fibres to be better suited to endurance activities.

(6)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Structural responses provide functional benefits.

Explain how four structural responses experienced during a warm up would lead to functional
improvements in a performance.

(8)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 14 marks)

Q68.

Summarise how a nerve impulse initiates a muscular contraction.

(5)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q69.

Summarise how oxygen delivery to the working muscles increases during exercise.

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q70.

Summarise how the recruitment pattern of motor units enables both power and endurance
athletes to meet the demands of their events.

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q71.

Summarise how the sinoatrial (SA) node causes the cardiac muscle to contract.

(5)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 5 marks)

Q72.

Using a sporting example, summarise Newton's Law of Action and Reaction.

(3)

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q73.

Summarise the characteristics of the aerobic pathway.

(6)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q74.

Summarise the different roles a muscle can perform.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)


Q75.

Summarise the flow of blood within the heart during a cardiac cycle.

(6)

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Q76.

Summarise the functional adaptations to the heart as a result of aerobic training.

(6)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)


Q77.

Summarise the functions of three anatomical structures of the respiratory system.

(3)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q78.

Summarise the functions of three structural components of the cardiovascular system.

(3)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q79.

Summarise the stretch-shortening cycle.

(3)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 3 marks)

Q80.

(a) (i) Explain why the body utilises the lactic acid pathway for different track and field athletics
events.

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain why the body utilises the aerobic energy pathway for different track and field
athletics events.

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Assess where the 1500 m track race would be placed on the energy continuum.

(8)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 16 marks)

Q81.

Using a sporting example, summarise Newton's Law of Acceleration.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 2 marks)


Q82.

Using examples, describe two different types of contraction a muscle can perform.

(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Q83.

Using the principles related to stability, outline how an athlete may regain lost balance.

(2)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Q84.

Using the sliding filament theory, summarise the process of a muscle contraction.

(6)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 6 marks)


Q85.

Outline how force is produced during the contraction phase of a muscle using sliding filament
theory.

(7)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 7 marks)

Q86.

Using a sporting example, summarise Newton's Law of Inertia.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Mark Scheme

Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.

Q7.
Q8.
Q9.
Q10.
Q11.

Q12.
Q13.

Q14.
Q15.
Q16.

Q17.
Q18.

Q19.
Q20.

Q21.
Q22.

Q23.
Q24.
Q25.
Q26.
Q27.
Q28.
Q29.
Q30.
Q31.
Q32.
Q33.
Q34.
Q35.
Q36.
Q37.
Q38.
Q39.
Q40.
Q41.
Q42.
Q43.
Q44.

Q45.
Q46.

Q47.
Q48.
Q49.

Q50.
Q51.

Q52.
Q53.
Q54.

Q55.
Q56.

Q57.

Q58.
Q59.

Q60.
Q61.

Q62.
Q63.
Q64.
Q65.

Q66.
Q67.
Q68.

Q69.

Q70.
Q71.

Q72.
Q73.

Q74.
Q75.
Q76.

Q77.
Q78.
Q79.

Q80.
Q81.
Q82.

Q83.
Q84.
Q85.

Q86.
Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

You might also like