Fundamental Human Rights

Fundamental Human Rights
By
Maryam Zafar (BS Economics – Section B)
Table of Contents
What are human rights?..............................................................................................................................1
Basic characters of Human Rights...............................................................................................................2
Sources of Human Rights.............................................................................................................................2
How it came into Action?............................................................................................................................2
Universal Declaration of Human Rights.......................................................................................................2
7 Substantive Rights....................................................................................................................................3
Human Rights in Islam.................................................................................................................................3
The last Sermon of Holy Prophet (PBUH)................................................................................................3
Human Rights in Pakistan............................................................................................................................3
What are human rights?

“Human rights are rights inherent to all Human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity,
language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from
slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work, education and many more.”
UNITED NATION
Human rights are moral principles or norms that describe standards of Human behavior and are
regularly protected in municipal and international law.
Human rights are rational beings. They by virtue of their being human posses certain basic and in
alienable rights which are commonly known as human rights.
The rights which are essential for the protection and maintenance of dignity of individuals and create
conditions in which every human being can develop his personality to the fullest extent may be termed
as human rights.
Human rights become operative with the birth of an individual. Human rights, being the birth right, are
inherent in all individuals irrespective of their caste, religion, sex and nationality.
Because of their immense significance to human beings, human rights are also something referred to as
fundamental rights, basic rights, inherent rights, natural rights, and birth rights.
Basic characters of Human Rights
 Inherent
 Invisible
 Fundamental
 Universal
 Inalienable
 Interdependent
 Imprescriptible
Sources of Human Rights

 The primary source of Human Rights are the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human
rights.
 Human Rights organization and treaties.
 International labor organizations
How it came into Action?

19th and 20th century Human Rights based on Natural Rights:
 1864 &1949: Geneva Conventions, International Red Cross.

 1919: League of Nation Convent, International Labour organization (ILO) created.
 1920: Women gain the Right to vote in U.S.
 1926: Slavery Convention
 1945: United Nations Charter; San Francisco
Universal Declaration of Human Rights

 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was drafted by the UN commission on
Human Rights chaired by, then first lady, Eleanor Roosevelt. The UDHR was adopted by the 56
member nations (now 192) of the UN General Assembly on December 10, 1948.
 December 10th is celebrated around the world as International Human Right Day.
 The preamble of the Universal declaration proclaims the declaration as a common standard of
achievement of all people and all nations.
 The universal declaration contains 30 articles. It enumerates the basic principles of Human rights
in a most comprehensive manner. Out of 30 articles, while 21 articles enumerated civil and
political rights, 6 articles over economic and social rights.
 It is to be noted that the universal declaration does not permit a state to derogate from their
obligations in public emergency which threatens the life of the nation. Thus, even in such cases
the rights cannot be suspended.
 It enumerates protection of all human rights and fundamental freedom. It recognizes the
inherent dignity and the equal and inalienable rights of all people in all nations. It is duty of the
states regardless of their social, political, and economic system to promote and protect human
rights.
7 Substantive Rights
 Right to Life
 Freedom from torture
 Freedom from slavery
 Right to a fair trail
 Freedom of speech
 Freedom of thought, conscience, and religion
 Freedom of Movement.
Human Rights in Islam

The last Sermon of Holy Prophet (PBUH)
 The last sermon of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) is undoubtedly the first and foremost declaration of
Human rights, given to mankind 1400 years ago. Khutbah Hajja-tul-Wida is one of the most
important occasions in the history of Islam. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) clearly negated all kinds of
Human discriminations on the basis of Cast, creed, tribe, etc.
 He said:
“O’ people, Allah has created you from one male and one female and made you into
tribes and nations, so as to be known to one another. There is no superiority for an Arab over a
non- Arab, nor for the white over the Black nor for the black over the white except in God-
consciousness.”
Following human rights are mentioned in Islam:

 The right to life and liberty.
 The right to live in dignity.
 The right to justice.
 The right to equal protection of law.
 The right to privacy.
 The right to property.
 The right to revolt.
 The right to basic necessities of life.
QURAN & SUNNAH
Human Rights in Pakistan

The conditions prevailing today in Pakistan affect every Individual life. If we are to improve
conditions, then the law must be upheld to bring peace and security to the land and to build
lives of dignity and respect. It is duty of every Individual to stand up and prevent any violations
or breaking of law.
The Constitution of Pakistan provide few fundamental Human right law:
 Article 8. Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of fundamental rights to be void.
 Article 9. Security of person. No person shall be deprived of life or liberty save in accordance
with law.
 Article 10. Safeguards as to arrest and detention.
 Article 10A. Right to fair trial. For the determination of his civil rights and obligations or in any
criminal charge against him a person shall be entitled to a fair trial and due process.
 Article 11. Slavery forced labour etc. prohibited.
 Article 12. Protection against retrospective.
 Article 13. Protection against double punishment and self-incrimination.
 Article 14. Inviolability of dignity of man, etc.
 Article 15. Freedom of movement, etc.
 Article 16. Freedom of assembly.
 Article 17. Freedom of association.
 Article 18. Freedom of trade, business or profession.
 Article 19. Freedom of speech.
 Article 19A. right to information. Every citizen shall have the right to have access to information
in all matters of public importance subject to regulation and reasonable restrictions imposed by
law.
 Article 20. Freedom to profess religion and to manage religious information.
 Article 21. Safeguard against taxation for purposes of any particular religion.
 Article 22. Safeguard as to educational institutes in respect of religion, etc.
 Article 23. Provision as to property. Every citizen shall have right to acquire, hold, and dispose
of property in any part of Pakistan, subject to the constitution and any reasonable restrictions
imposed by law in the public interest.
 Article 24. Protection of property right.
 Article 25. Equality of citizen.
 Article 25A. In Pakistan constitution urges Government officials to enforce educations law. The
state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of age 5 to 16.
 Article 26. Non- discrimination in respect of access to public places.
 Article 27. safeguard against discrimination in services.
 Article 28. Preservation of languages, script, and cultures.
Constitution of Pakistan

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Fundamental Human Rights

What are human rights?

Sources of Human Rights

How it came into Action?

 1864 &1949: Geneva Conventions, International Red Cross.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Human Rights in Islam

Following human rights are mentioned in Islam:

QURAN & SUNNAH

Human Rights in Pakistan

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