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Physics Investigative Project (Final)

This document describes a physics investigatory project on the parallelogram law of vector addition. It includes an abstract stating that the parallelogram law is used to find the sum of two vectors by drawing them as the sides of a parallelogram, with the diagonal representing the resultant vector. The aim was to measure the weight of an object using this law. The apparatus, principle, formulas, diagram, procedure, observations, calculations, result, and bibliography are presented across 10 pages. The unknown weight of the object was calculated to be 3.13 Newtons based on measurements taken using a Gravesand apparatus.

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15 views11 pages

Physics Investigative Project (Final)

This document describes a physics investigatory project on the parallelogram law of vector addition. It includes an abstract stating that the parallelogram law is used to find the sum of two vectors by drawing them as the sides of a parallelogram, with the diagonal representing the resultant vector. The aim was to measure the weight of an object using this law. The apparatus, principle, formulas, diagram, procedure, observations, calculations, result, and bibliography are presented across 10 pages. The unknown weight of the object was calculated to be 3.13 Newtons based on measurements taken using a Gravesand apparatus.

Uploaded by

tbf06720
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 11

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

TOPIC: PARALLELOGRAM LAW OF


VECTOR ADDITION
BATCH: 2022-23

SUBMITTED TO: MS. SHRUTHI KISHOR


SUBMITTED BY: CHRIS DSOUZA
Page |1

St Aloysius Gonzaga School

This is to certify that this “Physics


Investigatory Project” on the topic
“Parallelogram law of vector addition”
has been successfully completed by
CHRIS DSOUZA of class XI under the
guidance of Ms Shruthi S in particular
fulfilment of the curriculum of Central
Board of Secondary education (CBSE)
leading to the award of annual
examination of the year 2022-23.

PRINCIPAL TEACHER IN-CHARGE


Page |2

I hereby declare that the Project


work entitled “Parallelogram law of
vector addition”, submitted to “St
Aloysius Gonzaga School”, is a
record of original work done by me
except of the experiments, which
are duly acknowledged, under the
guidance of my subject teacher
“Ms Shruthi Kishor”.
Page |3

I, CHRIS DSOUZA of standard XI, am glad


to present my Physics Investigatory Project
on the topic Newton’s law of cooling.
I would like to express my thanks to
Principal Fr. Melwyn Anil Lobo SJ., for
providing me with all the required facilities.
I am also grateful to my parents, teachers
and friends for their assistance in
completing this project in such short period
of time.
I would also like to thank my classmates for
their helpful instructions and suggestions.
Page |4

S. No Contents Page number

1. ABSTRACT 5

2. AIM 5

3. APPARATUS USED 5

4. PRINCIPLE 5

5. FORMULAS USED 5

6. DIAGRAM 6

7. PROCEDURE 7

8. OBSERVATIONS 8

9. CALCULATIONS 8

10. RESULT 9

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY 10
Page |5

ABSTRACT:
The parallelogram law of vector addition is a method that is used
to find the sum of two vectors in vector theory. We study two laws
for the addition of vectors - the triangle law of vector addition and
the parallelogram law of vector addition. The parallelogram law of
vector addition is used to add two vectors acting simultaneously at
a point that can be represented both in magnitude and direction
by the adjacent sides of a parallelogram drawn from a point. Then,
the sum of the two vectors (resultant) is represented both in
magnitude and direction by the diagonal of the parallelogram
passing through the point.

AIM:
Measurement of the weight of a given body using the parallelogram
law of vector addition.

APPARATUS USED:
The given body with hook, the parallelogram law of vector
apparatus (Grave sand’s apparatus), strong thread, slotted weights
(two sets), white paper, and sharp pencil.

PRINCIPLE:
Working of this apparatus is based on the parallelogram law of
vector addition. The law states that “when two forces act
simultaneously at a point and are represented in magnitude and
direction by the two adjacent sides of a parallelogram, then the
resultant of forces can be represented both in magnitude and
direction by the diagonal of the parallelogram passing through the
point of application of the two forces.

FORMULAS USED:
Unknown Weight, R = Scale (S) x length of the diagonal (OC) of the
parallelogram.
Page |6

DIAGRAM:

Grave sand’s
apparatus
Page |7

PROCEDURE:
1. The board of Grave sand’s apparatus is set in vertical
position. (Ensure that the pulleys are moving
smoothly).
2. A sheet of white paper is fixed on the wooden board with
drawing pins.
3. A sufficiently long piece of string is taken and two
hangers are tied at its ends. Another shorter string is
tied in the middle of the first string to make a knot at
‘O’. The body of unknown weight is tied at the other end
of the string.
4. The strings are arranged on the pulley as shown in the
figure.
5. The weights are added to the hangers such that the
junction of the threads is in equilibrium in the lower
half of the paper.
6. The point where the knot comes to rest is taken as the
position of no-friction, and this point is marked.
7. To mark the direction of the force acting along a string
is marked on the sheet of paper kept below it.
8. Choosing a suitable scale, (say 0.05 kg wt = 1 cm) the
forces P and Q are represented. Using square sets, the
parallelogram is completed.
9. The points O and C are joined. The length of OC gives
the weight of the given body.
10. The steps 1-8 are repeated by suspending two
different sets of weights and the mean value of the
unknown weight is determined.
Page |8

OBSERVATIONS:
Scale (S); 1 cm = 50 g wt

Forces (g wt) Lengths Length, L Unknown


Trial (cm) (cm) weight
P Q OA OB OC R=L x S
(kg wt)
1. 200 200 4 4 6.4 0.320

CALCULATIONS:
R = L x S = 6.4 x 50
=0.320 kg wt

Value of unknown weight, R = 320 x 10-3 x 9.8


= 0.320 x 9.8 = 3.136N
= 3.13N

RESULT:
The unknown weight of given body is found to
be = 3.13N
Page |9

BIBILIOGRAPHY:
https://www.cuemath.com/calculus/parallelog
ram-law-of-vector-addition/
https://www.aimit.edu.in/wp-
content/uploads/2022/10/cropped-aimit-
favicon.png
https://as1.ftcdn.net/v2/jpg/04/49/79/60/10
00_F_449796042_bctYsfGlU9GYS76CApYPWmU
wFpWELFvw.jpg
https://5.imimg.com/data5/SELLER/Default/2
021/7/IU/DX/SX/33935950/ph-166-2-
parallelogram-apparatus-gravesand-apparatus--
500x500.png
P a g e | 10

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