KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)

Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

ABOUT ARISTOTLE EDUCATIONAL SOCIETY

Aristotle Educational Society was established in 2000, with an aim of bringing quality
Engineering and management education closer to the student’s populace at large. The society is
founded by experienced and visionary team of academicians, industrialists and NRI
Entrepreneurs, whose valuable knowledge and experience are the guiding factors for K G Reddy
College of Engineering & Technology (KGRCET). At KGRCET we are always for every driving
improvements and innovation in education, is it infrastructure expansion or faculty talent
acquisition. Our endeavor is to provide best of the class facilities and services to our students.

Twenty First Century society is considered to be a knowledge society. But many of our
educationists and captains of industry are of the opinion that there is a significant mismatch
between the kind of education students are equipped with from our institutions and the industry’s
expectations. It is precisely to bring down this gap that our focus is on continuous enhancement
of both the technical skills as well as the soft skill of our students in order to compete and
succeed in the global work places of tomorrow.

Vision:
To become self-sustainable institution which is recognized for its new age engineering
through innovative teaching and learning culture, inculcating research and entrepreneurial
ecosystem, and sustainable social impact in the community.

Mission:
 To offer undergraduate and post-graduate programs that are supported through industry
relevant curriculum and innovative teaching and learning processes that would help
students build knowledge and skills for their professional careers.
 To provide necessary support structures for students, this will contribute to their personal
and professional growth and enable them to become leaders in their respective fields.
 To provide faculty and students with an ecosystem that fosters research and development
through strategic partnerships with government organizations and collaboration with
industries.
 To contribute to the development of the region by using our technological expertise to
work with nearby communities and support them in their social and economic growth.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 1

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

TEN RULES TO TRANSFORM YOURSELF INTO AN IDEAL STUDENT AND A

PERFECT PROFESSIONAL
1. The first thing is punctuality. You are expected to be in your seat in the classroom by 9:00
am. However, 10 minutes of grace time is given to enter the class. If you arrive at the
institute after 9:10 am and before 09:50 am you can attend the rest of the classes. From 10:00
am, no student will be allowed to gain entry into the campus. You are not permitted to enter
the class after the commencement of the class (except 1 st period) and should not leave a class
before that class ends.
2. You should not leave the campus during the working hours (between 9:00 am and 3:45 pm)
without prior permission from the principal. Students’ who wishes to leave the campus for
any reason may apply for permission to the concerned Head who in turn forward the case to
the Principal. The Principal may issue the Gate pass after getting the consent of the parent.
3. You must wear neat and clean formal dress. Your attire should be befitting to the status of a
student doing a professional course. You must wear (display) the Identity Card as long as
you are in the campus.
4. Use of mobile phones is strictly prohibited in the class rooms/ labs/ workshops/
library/computer labs/Offices and other prominent places.
5. All the interpersonal communication within the campus must be only in English. If mistakes,
fear/tension, mother tongue influence etc. are your reasons for not speaking in English, you
must realize that they are all part and parcel of the learning process. Unless you make
mistakes and learn from your mistakes you will never be able to acquire good command over
English. As you are all aware, good command over English paves the way for a good
professional career.
6. In case there is any delay on the part of any teacher in entering your class, and as a result the
students are idle, one of the students from your class (preferably CR) may contact the
HOD/Academic Counselor for corrective measures/necessary arrangements. You should not
be seen in corridors, canteen, and buses or anywhere outside your classroom/lab without
carrying a permission letter. If you do not have any teaching hours you are advised to make
use of your free time productively, by utilizing various facilities
7. You must actively participate in all academic and extracurricular activities like;
Seminars/Workshops, Tech Fests, College Day and all the National Festivals and use them
as a platform to present yourself and grow as a better individual.
8. As a student, you are expected to cultivate habits like practicing self-discipline, showing
dedication towards your studies and respecting the teachers and elders.
9. If any one of you has any complaints or grievances against the institution, you are always
welcome to bring them to the notice of your respective departments and get your problems
solved.
10. Never forget that you are always welcome to make your suggestions for the improvement of
the institution. Your suggestions will be appreciated and implemented if they found to be
good, innovative and helpful to us in offering better services to all of you
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 2
 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

CODE OF CONDUCT OF STUDENTS

It shall be the responsibility of the students of KGRCET to

 Be familiar with and adhere to this Code and any amendment brought to this Code.
 Behave in a dignified and courteous manner and show due respect to the authorities,
employees, elders and fellow students.
 Access all educational opportunities and facilities available in the college and make
good use of them to benefit academically and develop scientific temper.
 Respect the laws of the country and human rights and conduct in a responsible and
dignified manner at all times.

BEHAVIOUR & CONDUCT OF THE STUDENT IN THE CAMPUS

 Students are expected to be in the classroom by 8.55 am. Only 5 minutes of grace time
can be given. No student will be allowed to enter into the campus after 10 am. Students
are not permitted to enter a class after the commencement of the class and leave before
that class ends.
 Students should not leave the campus during working hours (between 9:00 am and
4:15 pm). Students may be permitted to leave the campus only in exceptional
circumstances with the prior permission of the Head of the Department concerned
and the Principal only. Gate pass will be issued only after the authorization of the
Principal.
 Students must wear neat and clean formal dress. Wearing of jeans, T-shirts and sandals is
not permitted. Identity Card is to be worn around the neck at all times.
 Use of mobile phones is strictly prohibited in the classrooms, labs, workshops, library,
computer labs, offices and seminar halls.
 All the interpersonal communication within the campus must be in English only.
 If any teacher does not report to the class for any reason, the CR is to contact the
HOD/Dean Academics for necessary alternative arrangements.
 Students are not to be seen in corridors, canteen, and buses or anywhere outside
classrooms/labs without a letter of permission. Free time may be utilized in Library,
Digital Library, Language Lab, Sports Lounge, etc.
 Students are encouraged to actively participate in all academic and extracurricular
activities like seminars, workshops, clubs, technical fests, sports, College Day and
National festivals and use them to develop their technical and soft skills.
 Students are expected to develop manners, self-discipline and integrity and groom
themselves to be responsible engineers of the country.
 Students should not indulge in ragging of any form in the campus or off the campus.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 3

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

RULES FOR STUDENTS

Students are advised and expected to

 Be punctual for all the activities.
 Be regular for the classes, labs, workshops and examinations.
 Greet their faculty and seniors.
 Express themselves appropriately without the use of profane language or offensive
gestures.
 Respect the safety of others by not bringing real or imitation weapons to college or
the hostel.
 Avoid indulging in loose talk or spreading rumors on campus.
 Refrain from sitting in places such as parapets, stairs, footpaths, etc.
 Wear their identity cards while on the campus.
 Keep away from possession or consumption of chewing gum, narcotic drugs, tobacco,
alcohol and other intoxicating substances which are strictly prohibited by law.
 Do not indulge in anti-institutional, anti-social, anti-national, communal, indecent,
immoral or political activities within the campus and hostels
 Do not organize, attend or participate in any activity or agitation sponsored by
political or religious organizations.
 Do not respond to any form of strike, procession or agitation including slogan
shouting or boycott of activities.
 Take prior approval and permission of the Principal before undertaking any
educational/recreational tours or industrial visits.
 Avoid coming to the college in their personal vehicles. Vehicles should be parked in
the designated parking space only. Rash or negligent driving of vehicles, blowing of
horns and riding with more than one pillion rider is prohibited.
 Report promptly any unauthorized entry of outsiders into the campus as well as
hostels.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 4

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

ACADEMIC REGULATIONS
1. Holidays
KGRCET strictly follows the holidays notified by JNTUH Academic calendar.
2. Attendance
● A student shall be eligible to appear for University Examinations, if he/she possesses an
aggregate of at least of 75% of attendance in all the subjects.
● A student will not be promoted to the next semester unless he/she satisfies the attendance
requirement of the present semester / 1st year.
● If any student wants to go on leave for three or four days, the parents should meet the
academic Counselor of the class, to which the student belongs to, to get the permission.
● Attendance is compulsory on the preceding and the proceeding days of any holiday.
3. Credit System
The credit system is as per the JNTUH Course Structure and syllabus. Students can have the
details by going through the syllabus books.
4. Distribution and weight age of marks:
The performance of a student in each semester / I year shall be evaluated subject wise with a
maximum of 100 marks for theory and 75 marks for practical subject.

Subject Internal Exam Assignments End semester Exam Total Marks

Theory 20 5 75 100
Practical 25 - 75 100

After a student has satisfied the requirements prescribed for the completion of the program and
is eligible for the award of B. Tech. Degree, he shall place in one of the following 4 Classes:

Class Awarded % of marks to be secured

First class with From the aggregate,
Distinction 70 % and above marks secure from the
Below 70% but not less than best 196 credits
First Class
60%
Below 60% but not less than
Second Class
50%
Below 50% but not less than
Pass Class
40%
For further details on academic regulations, please refer the syllabus books.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 5

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

GENERAL INFORMATION
Communication

In case any student or parent wants to contact the college, authorities and put forward their
views should communicate the same to the Head of the department/Principal. Any change of
address, the parents have to report it to the academic counselor concerned either personally or
by making a phone call.

Ragging

Ragging is strictly prohibited, on the campus and there is an anti-ragging squad working in
the college premises and if any senior students are observed troubling the fresher’s stringent
action will be taken against the culprits and there should be no doubt in any body’s mind
about the commitment of the college authorities to crush the ragging with an iron hand.

Library (Rules and Regulations)

The college has a spacious and well-stocked library with text books and reference
books and several national and international journals and magazines. The stockpile of the
books goes on increasing year after year to help students keep abreast of the latest
information. All the students are advised to put the library to the optimum utilization and try
to widen your knowledge. The Digital library is equipped with 21000+ online E journals.

Titles : 3012
Volume of books : 22793
Print Journals : 60
E-Journals : DELNET-1230
Seating Capacity : 150
Timings : 8 AM – 6 PM
Digital Library : 30 systems, High speed Internet, 21000+ online journals

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 6

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

SEMESTER I
ACADEMIC CALENDAR-JNTUH

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 7

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

SEMESTER I
ACADEMIC CALENDAR – ECE Department

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 8

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT

The Field of Electronics and communication Engineering is a rapidly advancing with

innovative ideas emerging every movement. Since its inception in the year 2008, with 120
students. The Department has always been on a high growth path. It has a fine blend of
experienced and dynamic Faculty. To keep pace with the current technological trends, the
department is equipped with laboratories to carry out all kinds of research activities. Many of
the students with research bent of mind engage themselves actively and enthusiastically in
developing many Projects with the guidance and supervision of experienced faculty. They get
hands on experience in Design & research which makes them industry ready. The fraternity
of ECE organizes the technical events, Seminars, and Projects exhibition.

Vision:

To be recognized as a full-fledged center for learning and research in various fields of

Electronics and Communication Engineering through industrial collaboration and to provide
consultancy for solving the real time socio-economic problems.

Mission:

 To provide innovative teaching and learning in the contemporary technologies in

Electronics and Communication Engineering to support the professional aspirations of
the students.

 To promote innovation through research and development among faculty and students
by providing opportunities for inter-disciplinary learning in collaboration with
industry.

 To encourage professional development of students that will inculcate ethical values

and leadership skills while working with the community to address societal issues.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 9

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Subject Allocation:

S. Name of the Name of the Sect Mobile E-mail-id

No. faculty subject ion
1 Ms. T. Gayatri Microwave A 9949088800 [email protected]
Engineering
(ME)
2 Dr Vandana VLSI Design A 9556172123 [email protected]
(VLSID)
3 Mr Md. Asif Computer A 9052701257 [email protected]
Networks
(CN)
4 Ms Poonam Embedded A 6281377009 [email protected]
swami System
Design (ESD)

5 Mr. Artificial A 9985113191 [email protected]

Umashanker Intelligence
(AI)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 10

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Mentor Details:

IV-YEAR ECE Mentors List:

Name of the
S.No Roll numbers Contact numbers
faculty

17QM1A0401 to 17QM1A0427
1 Ms. T. Gayatri 9949088800
(25)

17QM1A0428 to 17QM1A0454
18QM5A0401, 16QM1A0411,
2 17611A0401 Mr. A. Saida 9951841663

17610A0406 (25)

Class In-Charge Details:

S. Name of the Class Section Mobile E-mail Id

No. In charge
1 Ms. T. Gayatri A 9949088800 [email protected]

Class Representative Details:

S. Section Name of the CR Roll number Mobile

No.
1 A ADLA PRIYANKA 17QM1A0403 7794014156

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 11

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Time Table:

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 12

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

COURSE DESCRIPTION DOCUMENTS

Subject : Microwave Engineering

Subject Code : EC701PC
Name of the faculty : T Gayatri
No. of contact hours/week :4

Course overview:
The course is designed to provide an overview of the fundamental principles
associated with microwaves and RF communications. Topics include microwave
transmission lines, components, tubes, junctions, microwave bench setup with the inclusion
of laboratory demonstrations. It provides a deep insight to present day microwave
applications.

Test portion
Test No. Topics
1 L1-L31
2 L32-L62
Assignment portion
Assignment No. Topics
1 L1-L31
2 L32-L62

Submitted by: Approved by:

(Signature of the faculty) (Signature of HOD)

Date: Date:

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 13

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Course Objectives:
At the end of this course, the student shall be able to:
 Outline the concepts and importance of Microwave frequencies, Rectangular wave
guides and Microstrip lines
 Explain about Wave guide components and its applications
 Classify Microwave tubes and Explain working of Klystron, TWT,
 Differentiate M type tubes from O type microwave tubes and Discuss working of
Magnetrons & Gunn diode
 Analyze Frequency, Power, VSWR, Attenuation using Microwave Bench

Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:

 CO1: Summarize concepts of Microwave frequencies, Rectangular wave guides and

Microstrip lines
 CO2: Interpret the applications of Wave guide components
 CO3: Categorize Microwave tubes and Describe working of Klystron, TWT.
 CO4: Distinguish Microwave tubes and Explain working of Magnetron, Gunn
diode
 CO5: Examine Frequency, Power, VSWR, and Attenuation using Microwave Bench

Lec.No Topic to be covered Topic outcome: Will be able to

Microwave transmission lines-I
Define and explain about importance of
L1 Introduction, subject layout, microwaves
Rectangular waveguides, Microwave
spectrum and bands, Applications of
L2 Describe Rectangular Wave Guide
microwaves ,

Solutions of wave equations in

L3 rectangular coordinates Solve the wave equations

TE Mode analysis , TM Mode analysis

L4
Characteristic equations and cut-off
Derive TE and TM modes
L5 frequencies, filter characteristics

Dominant and degenerate modes,

L6
Sketches of TE and TM modes in the

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 14

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

cross section

Mode characteristics-Phase and Group Explain the mode characteristics

velocities, Wave lengths and
L7
impedance relations,

Illustrative problems Solve the problems of RWG

L8
Rectangular guides-Power
L9 transmission

Power losses , Impossibility of TEM Examines the power transmission and

L10 waves losses

Micro strip lines-introduction, Zo

L11 relations

Effective dielectric constants,losses,Q Summarize the concepts of Micro Strip

L12 factor Lines

Revision of unit 1
L13 Recalls the topics of Unit 1
UNIT II

Cavity resonators-Introduction Describes the concept of Cavity

L14 rectangular cavities Resonator

Dominant modes and resonant

L15 frequencies

Q factor and coupling coefficients Summarize the features of Cavity

Resonators
L16

Problems
L17 Solves the problems on resonators
Wave Guide Components and
Applications: Coupling mechanisms-
L18
probe, loop, aperture types, Describes the Coupling Mechanisms

Waveguide discontinuities ,Tuning

L19 screws and posts matched Describes the Discontinuities

loads ,Waveguide attenuators-different

types :Resistive card and rotary vane
L20 Describes the concept of attenuators
attenuators

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 15

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Waveguide phase shifters-Types: Explains the concept of Phase Shifters

Dielectric and rotary vane phase
L21
shifters

Waveguide multiport junctions-E plane

L22 and H plane tees ,

Magic tee
L23
direction couplers-2 hole, bethe hole Classify various Microwave junctions
L24 types

Ferrites-composition and
characteristics,Faraday rotation :Ferrite
L25 Explains Faradays Rotation
components

Gyrator,isolator,circulator
L26 Describes Ferrite components
Revision of unit 2 Recalls Unit 2
L27
UNIT III : MICROWAVE TUBES

Limitations and losses of conventional

Explains the limitations of
L28 tubes at micro wave frequencies conventional tubes
Microwave tubes-O type and M type
L29 classifications Classifies the Microwave tubes

O-Type tubes: 2 cavity klystrons Explains the working of 2 cavity

L30
klystron
Structure, Reentrant cavities,
L31 Define Reentrant Cavities
velocity modulation, Process and Describes the velocity modulation in
L32 Applegate diagram Klystrons

Bunching process and small signal

L33 theory
Explains the characteristics of 2 cavity
Expressions for o/p power and
klystron
L34 efficiency

Reflex klystron-structure, velocity Explains the working of Reflex

L35 modulation and Applegate diagram klystron

Mathematical theory of bunching

L36 power output, efficiency, Oscillating
modes and output characteristics, Explains the characteristics of Reflex

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 16

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Effect of repeller voltage on power o/p klystron

Illustrative problems Solve the problems of Klystron

L37

Helix TWTS: Significance ,types and

Describes the importance of slow wave
L38 characteristics of slow wave structures
structures

Structure of TWT amplification

process (qualitative treatment)
L39 Suppression of oscillations, gain Explains the working of TWT
considerations

Revision of unit 3
L40 Recalls unit 3
UNIT IV: M TYPE TUBES

Introduction, cross-field effects,

L41 Defines M type tubes
Magnetron-different types Classifies the types of Magnetron
L42
Cylindrical Travelling Wave
Magnetron-Hull Cut-Off and Hartree
L43
Conditions

modes of resonance and PI mode

Describes the modes of Magnetrons
operation , Separation of PI-mode, o/p
L44
characteristics

Illustrative problems
L45 Solves the problems of Magnetrons
Microwave Solid State Devices
Introduction, classification,
L46
applications, TEDs-introduction Defines microwave solid state devices

Gunn diodes-principles, RWH

L47 Explain the operation of Gunn Diode
theory,characteristrics

Gunn oscillation modes, LSA modes,

Introduction to avalanche transit time
L48 Summarizes the modes of Gunn
devices

Revision of unit 4
L49 Recalls Unit 4
UNIT V: Microwave Measurements
Scattering matrix-significance,
L50
formulation and properties S matrix Describes the importance of S-

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 17

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

calculations for-2 port junctions Parameters

E plane and H plane tees,

L51 Derives the S-Matrix of E & H
magic tees
L52 Derives the S-Matrix of Magic T
Circulator and isolator-illustrative
Derives the S-Matrix isolator and
L53 problems circulator
Description of microwave bench-
L54 different blocks and their features,
Explain its importance and Usage of
Errors and precautions Microwave bench
L55
Microwave power measurement-
L56 bolometer, Measurement of attenuation

, frequency measurements
L57
Estimates the power, Frequency, Q
Measurement of low and high VSWR,
factor, Impedance in microwave bench
L58 Cavity Q, impedance measurements

Revision of unit 5 Recalls unit 5

L59
L60 Revision of all units Recalls the important concepts of subject

L61 Gaps in the syllabus Emphasize on the Gaps of subject

L62 Topic beyond syllabus Explains the topics beyond syllabus

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 18

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Text Books:

1. Microwave Devices and Circuits – Samuel Y. Liao, Pearson, 3rd Edition, 2003.
2. Microwave Principles – Herbert J. Reich, J.G. Skalnik, P.F. Ordung and H.L. Krauss, CBS
Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 2004.

References:

1. Foundations for Microwave Engineering – R.E. Collin, IEEE Press, John Wiley, 2 nd
Edition, 2002.
2. Microwave Engineering - G.S. Raghuvanshi, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd., 2012.
3. Microwave Engineering Passive Circuits – Peter A. Rizzi, PHI, 1999.
4. Microwave Engineering - David M. Pozar, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pvt Ltd., 1989, 3r
ed., 2011 Reprint.

Activities in the class:

 JAM ( Just a minute).Students have to speak about the completed topic.
 Quiz/Discussion of objective type questions for mid exams.
 Slip tests will be conducted at the end of each unit.

Grading:
 Marks for active participation, attendance and performance in slip tests.

Basic ground rules:

 No attendance will be given to students if they are late by 10 minutes and they are
expected to attend classes regularly.
 Students must maintain separate notes, note the important points and solve all the
given problems in class.

Evaluation scheme:

Internal Assessment (sum of scores obtained in two tests) 20

Assignments 5
End Semester Examination 75
Total 100

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 19

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Semester : B. Tech IV year I Semester

Subject : Embedded System Design (EC734PE)

Name of the faculty : Poonam swami

No of contact hours/week :5

Course overview :

The Course relies on basic abstractions which focus on the analysis and design of embedded
systems. It deals with the qualitative and quantitative approaches of simple embedded system
models to illustrate the concepts involved. The course provides an overview on hardware
required for the design of embedded systems like memory devices, reset circuits, oscillators,
on-board and off-board communication units. It also deals the basics of real time operating
system (RTOS), task communication in RTOSs and device drivers.

Test portion
Test no. Topics
1 L1-L30
2 L31-L63
Assignment portion
Assignment no. Topics
1 L1-L30
2 L31-L63

Submitted by: Approved by:

(Signature of the faculty) (Signature of HOD)

Date: Date:

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 20

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Course Objectives

The course will enable the students to

1. Describe the basics of an embedded system.

2. Develop software and program for an embedded system.
3. Design an embedded system for any type of application.
4. Analyze operating systems concepts, types and choosing RTOS.
5. Design, implement and test an embedded system.

Course Outcomes:

Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:

1. Discuss and design embedded systems.

2. Identify the significance of Real Time Operating Systems.
3. Analyze the types of memory and interfacing to external hardware.
4. Describe embedded firmware design approaches.
5. Analyze the issues for development of task communication techniques and device
drivers.

Topic Outcome:

LECTURE TOPIC TO BE COVERED TOPIC OUTCOME

NUMBER

UNIT –I

Introduction to Embedded Systems

Definition of Embedded System,

Embedded Systems Students are adept at differences
Vs between embedded systems and
L1 General Computing Systems general computing systems.

History of embedded systems and Students are adept at classification

L2 Classification of embedded systems.
Major application areas of embedded Students are able to identify
L3 systems different domains of embedded
systems.
Purpose of embedded systems Students are able to describe the
L4 significance of embedded systems,

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 21

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Characteristics and Quality Attributes of Students are able to analyze the

L5 embedded systems characteristics and parameters to
identify the quality of embedded
systems.
Review on Unit –I Students are able to discuss and
L7 (Writing the minute note / Presentation / demonstrate topics in Unit – I
Group activity)
Activity- Test / Quiz / Assessment Students are able to evaluate their
L8 (Assignment) performance in the Assessment
using Grading criteria.

UNIT – II

Typical Embedded System

L9 Core of an embedded system Students are able to analyze the

requirements of an embedded
system
L10 General purpose and Domain specific Students are able to gain an
processors intuitive understanding of general
and domain specific processors.
L11 ASICs and PLDs Students are able to describe
ASICs and PLDs
L12 Commercial Off-The-Shelf Components Students are able to describe COTS
(COTS)
L13 Memory : RAM, ROM Students are able to describe
memory devices
L14 Memory according to the type of Students are able to identify the
interface memory requirement for an
interface
L15 Memory shadowing Students are able to describe
memory shadowing
L16 Memory selection for embedded systems Students are able to identify the
criterion for selection of memory
L17 Sensors and actuators Students are able to describe
sensors and actuators

L18 Communication interface : On-board Students are able to describe on-

board communication interfaces
L19 Communication interface : External Students are able to describe off-
Communication Interfaces board communication interfaces

L20 Review of Unit – II Students are able to discuss and

(Writing the minute note / Presentation / demonstrate topics in Unit – II
Group activity)
L21 Activity- Test / Quiz / Assessment Students are able to evaluate their
(Assignment) performance in the Assessment
using Grading criteria

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 22

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

UNIT – III
Embedded Firmware

L22 Reset Circuit Students are able to describe reset

L23 circuits
L24 Brown-out protection circuit Students are able to analyze brown-
L25 out protection circuits
L26 Oscillator unit Students are able to describe
oscillators
L27 Real time clock Students are able to identify the
necessity of real time clock
L28
L29 Review of Unit – III (Partial) Students are able to discuss and
(Writing the minute note / Presentation / demonstrate topics in Unit – III
Group (Partial)
L30 Activity- Test / Quiz / Students are able to evaluate their
Assessment(Assignment) performance in the Assessment
using Grading criteria

Mid Term 1

L31 Watchdog timer Students are able to describe

watchdog timers
L32 Embedded firmware design approaches Students are able to analyze design
L33 approaches for embedded firmware
L34
L35 Development languages Students are able to describe
languages needed for development
L36 of embedded software
L37
L38 Review of Unit – III Students are able to discuss and
(Writing the minute note / Presentation / demonstrate topics in Unit – III
Group activity)
L39 Activity- Test / Quiz / Students are able to evaluate their
Assessment(Assignment) performance in the Assessment
using Grading criteria

UNIT – IV
RTOS based Embedded System Design

L40
Operating Systems (OS) basics Students are able to explain the
basics of OS

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 23

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

L41 Types of operating systems Students are able to differentiate

the features of different operating
systems
L42 Tasks Students are able to describe tasks
of operating system
L43 Processes Students are able to describe
processes of operating system
L44 Threads Students are able to describe
threads of operating system
L45 Multiprocessing and Multitasking Students are able to explain
concepts of multiprocessing and
multitasking
L46 Task scheduling Students are able to analyze
scheduling approaches of task
L47
management
L48 Review of Unit – IV Students are able to discuss and
(Writing the minute note / Presentation / demonstrate topics in Unit – IV
Group activity)
L49 Activity- Test / Quiz / Students are able to evaluate their
Assessment(Assignment) performance in the Assessment
using Grading criteria

UNIT – V
Task Communication

L50 Shared memory Students are able to describe

concepts of shared memory
L51 Message passing Students are able to describe
message passing
L52 Remote Procedure Call (RPC) Students are able to describe RPCs
and and Sockets
Sockets
L53 Task synchronization Students are able to interpret the
considerations for synchronization
of tasks
L54 Task communication/ synchronization Students are able to analyze the
issues issues, problems and solutions for
task communication/
synchronization
L55 Task synchronization techniques Students are able to describe
different task synchronization
L56
techniques
L57 Device drivers Students are able to describe the
software approaches for design of
L58 device drivers

L59 How to choose RTOS Students are able to identify the

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 24

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

L60 criteria for selection of RTOS

L61 Review of Unit – V Students are able to discuss and
(Writing the minute note / Presentation / demonstrate topics in Unit – V
Group activity)
L62 Activity- Test / Quiz / Students are able to evaluate their
Assessment(Assignment) performance in the Assessment
using Grading criteria
L63 Review of all units Students are able to discuss and
demonstrate topics in total course

Mid Term – II

Text Books:

1. Introduction to Embedded Systems – Shibu K. V., McGraw Hill.

Reference Books:

1. Embedded Systems – Raj Kamal, TMH.

2. Embedded System Design – Frank Vahid, Tony Givargis, John Wiley.
3. Embedded Systems – Lyla, Pearson, 2013.
4. An Embedded Software Primer – David E. Simon, Pearson Education.

Activities in class:
 After completion of every class students have to write 1 or 2 keynote points.
 After completion of every unit students have to give presentations on the covered unit.
 One quiz will be conducted for every unit.
 All the assessment, quiz and presentations marks are considered for external
examination as assignment marks.

Grading:
● For Presentations, Rubrics based on Interaction, Body language, Confidence level,
Audibility and Knowledge will be followed.
● For Quiz and keynote points, 1 mark for their correct answers.

Ground Rules:

*Assessments (Assignments) should be submitted in time.

*Accessing the mobile phones is not acceptable in the class.

Evaluation Scheme:
Internal Assessment (Average of scores obtained in two tests) ---- 20 Marks
Assignments ------ 5 Marks
End Semester Examination ------- 75 Marks

Total 100

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 25

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Semester : IV Year I semester

Subject : VLSI DESIGN
Name of the faculty : Dr Vandana
No of contact hours/week : 4
COURSE OVERVIEW:

It gives the knowledge about the fabrication of Integrated Circuit by using different
technologies like nMOS, pMOS, CMOS, and BiCMOS and their application in the present
electronic world. The electrical properties of MOS transistor and analysis of CMOS,
BiCMOS inverters is carried out. It gives detail study on design rules, stick diagrams, logic
gates, types of delays, fan-in, fan-out which effects the action of a MOS transistor. It also
gives information on data path subsystem and array subsystems, and Programmable Logic
Devices (PLD) like PLA, PAL, CPLD and FPGA’s. We also came to know the CMOS
testing principles in both chip level.

Test portion
Test no. Topics
1 L1-L35
2 L36- L70
Assignment portion
Assignment no. Topics
1 L1-L35
2 L36- L70

Submitted by: Approved by:

(Signature of the faculty) (Signature of HOD)

Date Date:

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 26

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Course Objectives:

At the end of this course, the student will be able to:

CO1: Discuss the steps involved in fabrication process and technology.

CO2: Analyze the behaviour of inverters designed with various loads.
CO3: List out the effective methods of circuit design using design rules.
CO4: Design various data path building blocks using MOSFET.
CO5: Explain the various techniques for testing CMOS circuits.
Course Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:

1. Explain the operation of a MOS transistor down to the physical level.

2. Design different logic gates using CMOS inverter and analyze their characteristics.
3. Analyze and implement various logic gates and circuits using MOS transistors layouts.
4. Design functional units including adders, multipliers, ROMs, SRAMs, and PLAs
5. Identify design strategies for testing CMOS circuits at chip level.
Topic Outcome:

Lecture Topic to be covered Topic outcome

no.
At the end of the topic, the
student will be able to
L1 Over view of course Identify the development of
electronics
L2 UNIT-I: Introduction to IC technology, scale Interpret the scale of integration
of integration
L3 Classification of transistors ,operation of n-
channel JFET
L4 n-channel and p-channel Depletion mode Memorize the operation of
MOSFET operation JFET and MOSFET
L5 n-channel and p-channel enhancement mode
MOSFEToperation
L6 IC fabrication steps, nMOS fabrication
process
L7 pMOS, CMOS (n-well, p-well) Explain the various fabrication
L8 CMOS (twin tub) ,BiCMOS fabrication processes of a MOS transistor
process

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 27

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

L9 BICMOS fabrication process

L10 Basic Electrical Properties of MOS and Identify the Ids-Vds

BiCMOS Circuits: Ids-Vds relationships relationship of a MOS transistor
L11 gm, gds ,figure of merit Wo Determine the properties and
L12 MOS transistor threshold voltage, Pass parameters of MOS circuit.
transistor
L13 NMOS Inverter (alternate forms of pull up)
Operate the various forms of
L14 Pull ups continue pull up

L15 CMOS Inverter analysis and design, Calculate the various delays
L16 Bi-CMOS Inverters. involved in the design of
inverters.
L17 UNIT I REVISION Recall and summarize the
topics.
Test / Seminar
L18 UNIT II : VLSI circuit design processes Discuss the design process and
VLSI design flow various layers in the VLSI
L19 MOS Layers design flow
L20 Stick Diagrams for basic gates using nMOS
technology Draw stick diagrams for all
L21 Stick diagrams for basic gates using pMOS and digital circuits.
CMOS.
L22 Design rules and layout, 2 µm CMOS design
rules for wires, Analyze and implement various
L23 Contacts and transistors layout diagrams for logic gates and circuits using
nMOS and CMOS inverters MOS transistors layouts.
L24 Contacts and transistors layout diagrams for
basic gates
L25 Scaling of MOS circuits Illustrate the chip technology in
MOS scaling process.

L26 UNIT II REVISION Recall and summarize the

topics.
Quiz / Presentation
L27 UNIT III: GATE LEVEL DESIGN
Design of basic Logic Gates using CMOS
L28 Design of gates using other complex gates- Sketch various logic styles in
pseudo nMOS, static nMOS VLSI design using different
L29 Transmission gates, pass transistor logic logic styles
L30 Alternate gate circuits: dynamic CMOS,
domino logic
L31 Static CVSL ,dynamic CVSL
L32 Time Delays, Driving large Capacitive Loads
L33 Wiring Capacitances, Fan-in and fan-out, Differentiate various parameters
L34 Choice of layers of VLSI design

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 28

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

L35 UNIT III REVISION Recall and summarize the

topics.
Quiz/seminar/test

Mid Examination 1

L36 UNIT V: Semiconductor Integrated Circuit

Design: Programmable Logic Devices(PLD) Define programmable logic
introduction devices.
L37 Programmable Logic Array(PLA) Architecture Demonstrate Programmable
L38 Design of PLA implementation for given logic Array and design digital
Boolean function circuit using PLA
L39 Programmable Array Logic (PAL) Architecture Demonstrate Programmable
L40 Design of PAL implementation for given Array Logic and design digital
Boolean function circuit using PAL

L41 CPLD Architecture Explain the architecture of a

L42 CPLD continue Complex Programmable
L43 Standard cells Logic Device and its parts.
L44 FPGA Architecture Explain the architecture of a
L45 Configurable Logic Blocks Complex Programmable
Logic Device and its parts.
L46 Parameters influencing low power design. Discuss the various
parameters of lower power
VLSI design
L47 CMOS TESTING: Need for testing Discuss the need of testing
L48 Test Principles Describe the Principles for
testing
L49 Fault simulation Explain various fault models
L50 Fault models
L51 Design Strategies for test(Ad Hoc testing, scan
test) Examine various testing
L52 Built In Self Test techniques
L53 Chip Level Test Technique(Boundary Scan test) Discuss chip level test
L54 Boundary Scan test continue technique

L55 UNIT V REVISION Recall and summarize the

topics.
Quiz/seminar/test
L56 UNIT-IVARRAY SUB-SYSTEMS
memory classification SRAM, DRAM, ROM
L57 SRAM architecture Distinguish different
L58 DRAM architecture memories and recognize
L59 DRAM continue memories using MOSFET.

L60 Classification of
ROM(EROM,EPROM,EEPROM) Compare the various types of

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 29

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

L61 EEPROM memories.

L62 Serial Access Memories

L63 DATA PATH SUBSYSTEMS
Design of adders(ripple carry adder) Define data path subsystem
Sketch the various adders used
in digital circuits using
L64 Carry select adder MOSFET
L65 Manchester carry chain adder
L66
Shifters Sketch the various shifters and
L67 Barrel shifter multipliers used in digital
L68 multipliers-array multiplier circuits using MOSFET
L69 Vedic multiplier
L70 ALU Design basic building blocks
L71 Parity generators of a digital circuit using
MOSFET
L72 Comparators, Zero/One Detectors Sketch the various
L73 Counters components used in digital
circuits using MOSFET
L74 UNIT IV REVISION Recall and summarize the
topics.
Quiz/seminar/test
Mid Examination 2

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 30

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Text Books:

1. Essentials of VLSI circuits and systems – Kamran Eshraghian, Eshraghian Dougles

and A. Pucknell, PHI, 2005 Edition.
2. VLSI DESIGN - K. Lal Kishore, V.S.V Prabhakar, I.K International, 2009.
3. Sung-Mo Kang, Yusuf Leblebici: CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits Analysis and
Design”, Tata McGraw-Hill Edition 2003.
4. VLSI DESIGN-M.Michael Vai,2001,CRC

References:

1. CMOS logic circuit design- John P. Uyemura, Springer, 2007.

2. Modern VLSI Design – Wayne Wolf, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition, 1997.
3. Application Specific Integrated Circuits – Michael John Sebastian Smith
4. Introduction to VLSI –Mead & Convey, BS Publications,2010

Activities In The Class:

1. Quiz / Seminars by individual students for each unit.

2. PPT presentation by group of students for every two units.
3. Slip tests will be conducted for every two weeks.
4. Every student need to write few points discussed in the class at the end of each class.

Grading:

 For seminars/presentations I will follow Rubrics based on their Body language,

Confidence level &Knowledge.
 For Quiz their active participation will be considered for internal exam marks.

Ground Rules:

 All the students are expected to attend classes regularly and participate in class
activities.
 Assignments should be submitted on time.
 Accessing the mobile phones is not acceptable in the class.

Evaluation Scheme:

● Internal Assessment (sum of scores obtained in two tests) – 20

● Assignments - 05
● End Semester Examination - 75
Total - 100

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 31

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Semester : IV Year I semester

Subject : Computer Networks
Name of the faculty : Md Asif
No of contact hours/week : 4
Course Overview:

This course examines computer networks concepts. It includes Network services and
applications: DNS, HTTP, peer-to-peer systems, socket programming. Network transport
architectures, TCP, UDP, TCP congestion control. Routing and forwarding, intra- domain
and inter-domain routing algorithms. Link layers and local area networks, especially Ethernet
network function virtualization, Multimedia communications and quality of service. Network
measurement, inference, and management. Network experimentation and performance
analysis, Network security, Protocol verification.

Test portion
Test no. Topics
1 L1-L29
2 L30- L60
Assignment portion
Assignment no. Topics
1 L1-L29
2 L30- L60

Submitted by: Approved by:

(Signature of the faculty) (Signature of HOD)

Date: Date:

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 32

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Course Objectives:
At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
 Introduce the fundamental various types of computer networks.
 Demonstrate the TCP/IP and OSI models with merits and demerits.
 Explore the various layers of OSI models.
 construct UDP and TCP models
 Analyze the Routing Algorithms in the Network Layer.
 Elaborate the Congestion Control in TCP model.

Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course student will be able to:
CO1 Analyze the correct transport layer protocol, such as TCP and
UDP to transfer data segments in the networks.
CO2 Classify the different types of network topologies and protocols.
CO3 Describe the layers of the OSI model and TCP/IP functions of each layer.
CO4 Demonstrate the skills of sub netting and routing mechanisms.
CO5 Classify the different types of network devices and their functions within a
network.

Topic Outcome:

S.No. Topic Topic outcomes

Unit-I
1 Overview of the course Student able to understand how
much important this course for his/her
future.
2 UNIT-I overview of the internet Identify the network of networks and Analyze
Internet, Protocols ,Standards the categories of protocols
and standards.
3 The ISO - OSI Reference Model Evaluate and analyze the basic network
model to communicate
through internet in the networks.
4 TCP /IP suite, comparisons between OSI Analyze the basic network models to
model and TCP/IP model communicate in the networks and
their differences.
5 Physical layer : introduction Discuss the various types of
Guided Transmission Media-1 transmission media used in the
physical layer .GTM-i.e., twisted
pairs, and co-axial cables.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 33

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

6 Discus Guided transmission media

Guided Transmission Media-2 used in the physical layer.i.e, optical
fibres, power lines
7 Wireless Transmission Media Discuss the unguided transmission
media used in the physical layer.
8 Data Link Layer : Introduction Find the data link layer design issues
Design Issues and its overview.
9 Error detection and Correction codes: Describe the error detection codes
and correction codes.
10 Elementary Data Link Protocols Explain how to use the parity bits in
various codes, CRC.etc
11 Sliding Window Protocols-Go-back-N and Differentiate the types of protocols
SR-protocol for communications of the networks.
Unit -2 : Multiple Access Protocols

12 ALOHA-Pure and slotted Explain ALOHA and types of ALOHA

in the Medium Access sub layer.
13 CSMA-carrier sense multiple access Distinguish about CSMA, CSMA/CD
in the broadcast channels.
14 Collision free Protocols-bitmap protocols Distinguish about CSMA/CA in the
broadcast channels.
15 Fast Ethernet-increasing of the speed Explore about the Fast Ethernet
connection in the LAN.
16 Ethernet – Physical Layer(transmission Explore about the Ethernet physical
media.) layer
17 Ethernet – MAC sub Layer Explore about the Ethernet MAC sub
layer
18 Ethernet cabling(physical cables) Explore about the Ethernet cabling

19 Spanning tree bridges –solution for forming Understand the scenario of Spanning
loops in bridges tree bridges –solution for forming
loops in bridges

20 Repeaters and hubs (devices) Differentiate the types of devices

repeaters and hubs when it is
applicable.
Unit-3 : Network layer
21 Network layer Design Issues, Store and forward Find the Network layer design issues
packet switching and its overview.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 34

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

22 Connection less and connection oriented Differentiate the types of networks for
networks communication of the networks,
i.e. CO, CL
23 Optimality principle Discuss about optimality principle.
24 Routing algorithms – (introduction) Discuss about routing mechanism in
the subnets of routers.
25 Shortest path Routing Algorithm Analyze Shortest path Routing
Algorithm
26 Distance vector routing algorithm Analyze Distance vector routing
algorithm
27 Count to infinity problem and Flooding Explain about Count to infinity
problem and Flooding
28 Congestion control Algorithms Explore about congestion control
algorithms
29 Admission control Discuss about admission control
Unit-4 : INTERNETWORKING
30 Introduction and Tunnelling Report on how routers are transferring
data from one node to another node in
the internetworking
and tunnelling.
31 Internetwork routing Describe how data is transferred in
Internetwork routing
32 Packet Fragmentation Explain and demonstrate the packet
fragmentation.
33 IPV4(addressing) Explain the IPV4 (addressing)
protocol in the network layer.
34 IPv6 Protocol(addressing) Explain the IPv6 Protocol
(addressing) in the network layer.
35 IP addresses(types) Discuss about IP addresses and its
types.

36 Subnet-portion of the network Discuss about Subnet-portion of the

network
37 CIDR,IMCP-classless inter domain routing Describe CIDR,IMCP-classless inter
domain routing
38 ARP,RARP-address resolution protocol Explain ARP, RARP-address
resolution protocol.

39 DHCP-Dynamic host control protocol Explain DHCP-Dynamic host control

protocol.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 35

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

40 Transport Layer :introduction Explain about transport layer and

services provided to the upper layers discuss the process of delivery from
source to destination
41 Elements of transport protocol – Elaborate the connection oriented
Addressing and connection less protocols.
42 Connection establishment Understand how the Connection
establishment will takes place in
connection oriented protocols

43 Connection release and crash recovery Understand how the Connection

release will takes place in connection
oriented protocols
Unit – 5 : Internet Transport Protocols

44 Introduction to internet protocols Elaborate the connection oriented

and connection less protocols.
45 Internet Transport Protocol - UDP Understand how much importance it
is in wireless communication

46 RPC-Remote procedure call Describe the Remote procedure call

47 Introduction to TCP(transmission control Understand how much importance it is

protocol) and reliable in wired
communication
48 The TCP Service Model Describe The TCP Service Model

49 The TCP Segment Header Describe The TCP Segment header

50 TCP Connection Establishment and Release Understand how the connection

establishment, Connection release will
takes place in TCP
51 TCP Congestion Control Explain the concept of congestion
control
52 TCP Sliding Window Describe The TCP sliding window

53 Application Layer : Discuss about the application layer

Providing Services and its services
54 Application Layer Paradigms Discuss the various Application Layer
Paradigms
55 Domain name system Explain about the DNS.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 36

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

56 DNS in internet(Domain name service) Explain briefly about the DNS in the
internet.
57 Electronic mail Discuss the various processes in the
Electronic Mail.
58 SMTP-simple mail transfer protocol Explain SMTP-simple mail transfer
protocol
59 SNMP Describe the SNMP

Explain the protocols for Client Server

60 Client Server Application – HTTP Application – HTTP
FTP,TELNET,SSH FTP,TELNET,SSH in the Application
Layer.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 37

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Text Books:

1. Data Communications and Networking, 3/e, Behrouz A Forouzan. Fifth edition TMH
2013.
2. Computer Networks, Andrew S. Tannenbaum, 4th edition, Pearson Education
References:
1. The TCP/IP Guide, Charles M. Kozierok
2. An engineering approach to computer networks – S. Keshav, 2nd edition, Pearson
education.
3. Free online Resource, http://www.tcpipguide.com/free/index.html
4. Computer networking: a top down approach featuring the internet, James A. F. Kurose, K.
W. Ross, 3rd edition, Pearson education.
Activities in class:

 After completion of every class students has to write 1 or 2 keynote points.

 After completion of every unit students has to give presentations on the covered unit.
 For every 2 units one quiz will be there.
 All the assessment, quiz and presentations marks are considered for external exam as
assignment marks.
Grading:

 For Presentations I will follow Rubrics based on Interaction, Body language,

Confidence level, Audibility &Knowledge.
Note:

Assessments should be submitted in time

Evaluation Scheme:

Internal Exam I : 25
(10 Descriptive+ 10 Objective+ 5 Assignments)
Internal Exam II : 25
(10 Descriptive+ 10 Objective+ 5 Assignments)
Total internal Marks : 25
(Average of Internal Exam I and Internal Exam II)
University Exam Marks : 75
Total Marks : 100

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 38

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Semester : B. Tech IV year I Semester

Subject : Artificial Intelligence
Name of the faculty : Umashanker
No of contact hours/week :4
COURSE OVERVIEW:

The Course relies on To learn the distinction between optimal reasoning Vs. human like
reasoning ,To understand the concepts of state space representation, exhaustive search,
heuristic search together with the time and space complexities, To learn different knowledge
representation techniques, To understand the applications of AI, namely game playing,
theorem proving, and machine learning.

Test portion
Test no. Topics
1 L1-L38
2 L39-L65
Assignment portion
Assignment no. Topics
1 L1-L38
2 L39-L65

Submitted by: Approved by:

(Signature of the faculty) (Signature of HOD)

Date: Date:

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 39

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Course Objectives:

1. To state the distinction between optimal reasoning Vs. human like reasoning
2. To describe the concepts of state space representation, exhaustive search, heuristic
search together with the time and space complexities.
3. To identify different knowledge representation techniques.
4. To explain the applications of AI, namely game playing, theorem proving, and
machine learning.

Course Outcomes:

Upon completion of the subject, students will be able to:

CO1: Formulate an efficient problem space for a problem expressed in natural language.

CO2: Select a search algorithm for a problem

CO3: estimate its time and space complexities.

CO4: Represent the knowledge using the appropriate technique for a given problem.

CO5: Apply AI techniques to solve problems of game playing, and machine learning.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 40

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

S.No Topic Topic outcome

(At the end of the topic students are able to)

Unit-I

L1 Problem Solving by Search-I: Understand the significance of AI and fundamental

Introduction to AI, Intelligent knowledge of intelligent systems.
Agents

L2 Problem Solving by Search –II: Remember and understand types of AI systems and
Problem-Solving Agents, foundation of Intelligence.
Searching for Solutions.
L3 Uninformed Search Strategies: Identify types of Intelligent systems and remember
Breadth-first search, Uniform cost applications of AI.
search.
L4 Uninformed Search Strategies: Analyze problem solving techniques in AI and
Depth-first search, Iterative understand State-Space Search algorithms.
deepening Depth-first search.
L5 Uninformed Search Strategies: Evaluate state-Space Search and Control Strategies
Bidirectional search.
L6 Informed (Heuristic) Search Understand general Problem Solving techniques and
Strategies: Greedy best-first describe characteristics of Problem
search.
L7 Informed (Heuristic) Search Describe types of search Techniques and evaluate
Strategies: A* search. exhaustive search techniques.

L8 Informed (Heuristic) Search Understand various heuristic search techniques with

Strategies: Heuristic Functions. real life examples.

L9 Beyond Classical Search: Hill- Identify limitations of A* algorithm and understand

climbing search. concept of Iterative-Deepening A*

L10 Beyond Classical Search: Analyze real life problems related to constraint
Simulated annealing search, satisfaction and game playing and solving using
Local Search in Continuous
some heuristic functions.
Spaces.
L11 Beyond Classical Search: Discuss bounded look-ahead strategy and advantage
Searching with Non- and limitations of BLS techniques.
Deterministic Actions.

L12 Beyond Classical Search: Understand the use of various evaluation functions
Searching wih Partial through heuristic techniques.
Observations.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 41

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

L13 Beyond Classical Search: Online Discuss alpha-Beta Pruning concept to optimize the
Search Agents and Unknown solution in terms of time and space.
Environment.

UNIT-2

L14 Problem Solving by Search-II Discuss basic logic concepts in terms of various
and Propositional Logic problems and understand logic programming.
L15 Adversarial Search:Games, Understand propositional calculus & propositional
logic to solve complex problems.
Optimal Decisions in Games

L16 Adversarial Search: Alpha–Beta Discuss natural deduction system and find out the
limitation of previous techniques.
Pruning, Imperfect Real-Time
Decisions.

L17 Constraint Satisfaction Identify axiomatic system to logically derive the

theorems.
Problems: Defining Constraint
Satisfaction Problems.

L18 Constraint Satisfaction Analyze semantic tableau system in propositional

Problems: Propagation, logic to automate logical deduction
Backtracking Search for CSPs,
Local Search for CSPs, The
Structure of Problems.

L19 Propositional Logic: Understand resolution refutation in Propositional

Knowledge-Based Agents, The Logic which works on expressions in clausal form.
Wumpus World, Logic,
Propositional Logic.

L20 Propositional Logic: Understand predicate logic to define characteristic

function in a relation.
Propositional Theorem Proving:

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 42

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Inference and proofs, Proof by

resolution.

L21 Propositional Logic: Horn Explore concept of logic programming to understand

the logics to solve a particular problem.
clauses and definite clauses,
Forward and backward chaining.

L22 Propositional Logic: Effective Understand the concept of knowledge representation

and identify the significance.
Propositional Model Checking.

L23 Propositional Logic:Agents Discuss various approaches to knowledge

Based on Propositional Logic. representation to represent information about the
world.

Unit –III

L24 Logic and Knowledge Understand concept of expert system and discuss
applications of expert system.
Representation

L25 First-Order Logic: Analyze different phases to build expert systems and
Representation, Syntax and understand requirement of each phase.
Semantics of First-Order Logic.

L26 First-Order Logic: Using Understand expert system architecture to solve

FirstOrder Logic, Knowledge difficult decision making problems.
Engineering in First-Order Logic.

L27 Inference in First-Order Logic: Analyze the difference between expert systems and
Propositional vs. First-Order Traditional Systems
Inference,

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 43

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

L28 . Apply truth maintenance systems to solve real world

problems.
Inference in First-Order Logic:
Unification and Lifting, Forward
Chaining.

L29 Inference in First-Order Logic: Understand application of expert systems

Backward Chaining, Resolution.

L30 Knowledge Representation: Understand list of Shells and Tools of AI.

Ontological Engineering,
Categories and Objects.

L31 Knowledge Representation: Analyze how to measure uncertainty and

Events. Mental Events. Understand the concept of probability theory
L32 Knowledge Representation: Implement probability theory with mathematical
Mental Objects models of random phenomena.
L33 Knowledge Representation: Evaluate bayesian belief networks which defines a
Reasoning Systems for factorization of the joint probability distribution
Categories, Reasoning with
Default Information.

UNIT-4

L34 Classical Planning: Definition of Apply dempster-shafer theory to understand

Classical Planning, Algorithms connections to other frameworks such as probability,
for Planning with StateSpace possibility and imprecise probability theories
Search.
L35 Classical Planning: Planning
Graphs, other Classical Planning
Approaches.

L36 Classical Planning: Analysis of Analyze different machine-learning paradigms to

Planning approaches describes the theory and application of machine
learning in the classification problem.
L37 Planning and Acting in the Real Understand machine learning systems which provide
World: Time, Schedules systems the ability to automatically learn and
improve from experience without being explicitly

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 44

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

programmed.

L38 Planning and Acting in the Real Analyze types of machine learning like supervised
World: Resources. and unsupervised learning

L39 Planning and Acting in the Real Evaluate inductive learning to improve the
World: Hierarchical Planning. knowledge of an AI program by making
observations about its environment

L40 Planning and Acting in the Real Apply decision trees for supervised classification
World: Planning and Acting in learning.
Nondeterministic Domains.

L41 Planning and Acting in the Real Understand deductive learning which is more
World: Planning and Acting in learner-centered.
Nondeterministic Domains.

L42 Planning and Acting in the Real Apply clustering as unsupervised learning for
World: Multi agent Planning statistical data analysis used in many fields

L43 Planning and Acting in the Real Understand Support Vector Machines for both
World: Multi agent Planning classification or regression challenges.

Unit V

L44 Uncertain knowledge and Analyze different Advanced Knowledge

Learning Representation Techniques

L45 Uncertainty: Acting under Understand Case Grammars for linguistic analysis.
Uncertainty
L46 Uncertainty: Basic Probability Understand Semantic Web which is about reasoning
Notation, Inference Using Full and logic.
Joint Distributions, Independence,
Bayes’ Rule and Its Use,

L47 Probabilistic Reasoning: Understand to Natural Language Processing which

Representing Knowledge in an is AI method of communicating with an intelligent
systems using a natural language.
Uncertain Domain, The
Semantics of Bayesian Networks.

L48 Probabilistic Reasoning: Understand sentence Analysis Phases involves

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 45

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Efficient Representation of analysis of words in the sentence for grammar that

Conditional Distributions. shows the relationship among the words

L49 Probabilistic Reasoning: Understand Grammars and Parsers to describe and

Approximate Inference in analyze the language.
Bayesian Networks, Relational
and First-Order Probability, Other
Approaches to Uncertain
Reasoning; Dempster-Shafer
theory.

L50 Learning: Forms of Learning, Analyze different types of parsers to understand a

Supervised Learning, Learning sentences given a grammar
Decision Trees.

L51 Learning: Knowledge in Understand Semantic Analysis which will give

Learning: Logical Formulation of meaningful information in the sentence.
Learning, Knowledge in
Learning.

L52 Learning: Explanation-Based Understand Universal Networking Knowledge

Learning, Learning Using which is designed to represent semantic data
extracted from natural language texts.
Relevance Information, Inductive
Logic Programming.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 46

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

Text Books

1. Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach, Third Edition, Stuart Russell and Peter
Norvig, Pearson Education.
References:

1. Artificial Intelligence, 3rd Edn., E. Rich and K. Knight (TMH)

2. Artificial Intelligence, 3rd Edn., Patrick Henny Winston, Pearson Education.
3. Artificial Intelligence, Shivani Goel, Pearson Education
4. Artificial Intelligence and Expert systems – Patterson, Pearson Education

Activities in class:

● After completion of every class students have to write 1 or 2 keynote points.

● After completion of every unit students have to give presentations on the covered unit.
● One quiz will be conducted for every unit.
● All the assessment, quiz and presentations marks are considered for external
examination as assignment marks.

Grading:

● For Presentations, Rubrics based on Interaction, Body language, Confidence

level, Audibility and Knowledge will be followed.
● For Quiz and keynote points, 1 mark for their correct answers.

Basic ground rules:

1. Usage of mobile phone in class is strictly prohibited.

2. No attendance will be given to students if they are late by 10 minutes and they are
expected to attend classes regularly.
3. Students must maintain separate notes, note the important points and solve all the
given problems in class.

Evaluation Scheme:

• Internal Assessment (sum of scores obtained in two tests) - 20

• Assignments - 5
• End Semester Examination - 75

Total - 100

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 47

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

PROGRAM OUTCOMES
PO1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
PO2: Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
PO3: Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems
and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
PO5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6: The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
PO7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and
need for sustainable development.
PO8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.
PO9: Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10: Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give
and receive clear instructions.
PO11: Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member
and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
PO12: Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage
in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 48

 KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad)
Chilkur (Village), Moinabad (Mandal), R. R Dist, TS-501504
Accredited by NAAC

PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSO’s)

PSO 1: Problem Solving Skills – Graduates will be able to apply their knowledge in
emerging electronics and communication engineering techniques to design
solutions and solve complex engineering problems.

PSO 2: Professional Skills – Graduate will be able to think critically, communicate

effectively, and collaborate in teams through participation in co and extra-
curricular activities.

PSO 3: Successful Career – Graduates will possess a solid foundation in Electronics

and Communications engineering that will enable them to grow in their
profession and pursue lifelong learning through post-graduation and
professional development.

PSO 4: Society Impact – Graduate will be able to work with the community and
collaborate to develop technological solutions that would promote sustainable
development in the society.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 49