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DEVELOPMENT OF SMART DUSTBIN BY USING APPS

Article in Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences · November 2019

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DEVELOPMENT OF SMART DUSTBIN BY USING APPS

Jamil Abedalrahim Jamil Alsayaydeh1,2, Adam Wong Yoon Khang1,3, Win Adiyansyah Indra1,3, Vadym
Shkarupylo4 and Jayananthinii Jayasundar1
1
Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal,
Melaka, Malaysia
2
Center for Advanced Computing Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka,
Malaysia
3
Center for Telecommunication Research and Innovation, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal,
Melaka, Malaysia
4
Department of Computer Systems and Networks, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroyiv
Oborony str., Kyiv, Ukraine
E-Mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
This paper entitled Development of Smart Dustbin by Using Apps. Arduino as a controller between ultrasonic
sensors, buzzer, led, fan and WiFi Module. This system implemented so that cleaning department management or cleaners
can be aware with the overflow of rubbish of a dustbin at certain place. It is very useful in daily life and important for all
level of people either young, old, disable people or anyone who using the dustbin to throw rubbish. This is a very important
system to be implemented mainly at the indoor buildings such as supermarket. The project started to work when there is a
people coming near to the dustbin to throw rubbish where it will be detected by the ultrasonic sensor and motor will be
open the cover of the dustbin. The level of rubbish inside can be seen through the Blynk Apps. Once the level of rubbish
reached a certain level a reminder notification will be send to the cleaning department to give a warning that dustbin going
to be full. Another notification will be send once the level of rubbish reached maximum level to take immediate action to
collect the rubbish through the Bylnk Apps and buzzer started to give beep sound.

Keywords: camera-ready, WiFi module, blynk Apps, smart, technology, control, arduino, GSM module, internet of things.

INTRODUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT

In this era, most of the people prefer to shop at In this modern together with super advanced
the supermarket. This is because as there are a lot of technology day and the fast development in the human
choices of goods from the household things until the raw population, the waste problem has become one of the
things. As there are many people keep on visiting the worst environmental problems in many of the countries.
supermarket, there also a lot of rubbish started to be The reason of this problem occurs is due to the way of
generated. Hence, this lead to the dustbin cannot cope with controlling waste collection and management in the
the rubbish and sometimes the dustbins are overflow. This country where the waste is not managed efficiently and
type of situation not only happens at the supermarket but effectively. Wastes are created from different types of
at the most of the places. This problem happens due to the sources where it could cause the environmental pollution.
cleaning department not very sensitive to this matter of the It also can give a risk to the health. Lack of proper
dustbin full of rubbish and also overflow. The dustbins management solutions is one of the big difficulties in
which are full and overflow not collected on time by the managing the landfill for the liable party. Therefore, to get
cleaning department. Therefore, to overcome this matter more information of the collection and management of the
here come the idea of develop a smart dustbin by using waste there are some interviews and site visits which were
Apps. Whenever the dustbin is full, an alert notification is conducted. It was conducted by the company which are
sent to the cleaning department for quickly pick up the responsible for the waste management [1].
rubbish. Development of Smart Dustbin by using Apps is
a high performance programmable smart dustbin using
Apps. Apps is a system which it combines the knowledge
in the field of telecommunications and computing. This
smart dustbin started to work once a person nears the
dustbin. The ultrasonic sensor used to detect the person
when they come near to the dustbin. Then, the dustbin will
be automatically open. People no need to use their hands
or leg to open the cover of the dustbin to throw the
rubbish. When the dustbin is going to be full then a
reminder notification will be sent to cleaning department.
Once the dustbin with rubbish reach a maximum level
buzzer will give a beep sound and at the same time it will
sent an alert notification through a communication link
which is Blynk Apps to the cleaning department.

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was interfaced with a GSM modem and an ultrasonic

sensor. This sensor was placed on the top of the bin. A
threshold level was set as 10cm. As the garbage reaches
the level of threshold, the sensor triggers the GSM modem
which alerts the associated authority till the garbage in the
bin is emptied. At the end, a conclusion was made that
various issues like affordability, maintenance and
durability were addressed when these smart bins were
designed. It also contributed towards a hygienic and clean
environment in the process of building a smart city [4].
Chakole, S. et al proposed a Real Time Smart
City Garbage Collection and Monitoring System Using
GSM and GPS, it tells about a project that is created by
Figure-1. The waste not managed efficiently and using Embedded System for the efficient collection of
effectively. junks. It is a project that is with a coordinated system of
The Figure-1 above demonstrates the real GPS and GSM. The GPS stands for Global Positioning
situation of the reason that is faced by the authorities in System while the GSM stands for Global System for
this country. One of the factors that make situation like Mobile Communication. Sensors are located at the
this happen is that the cleaning management or authorities garbage bins which common at the open environment.
does not get information about the current situation Once, junks reached to an expected level of the sensor, the
whether the dustbin is full of rubbish or not. Actually, the AT89S52 Controller will receive a signal. The signal then
authorities of the cleaning department have their own passed for an immediate action to truck driver of garbage
regular schedules on the picking up the rubbish and on for collection which the dustbin is completely full. By using
the each of collection bins which when it is full or not, the GSM system, it will send message from the AT89S52
cleaner have to wait for the appointed day to collect the once the bin is fully filled. The function of AT89S52 is to
rubbish. The system that they use is not relevant as this utilize between sensor and GSM system [5].
will generate problems when there are big events or
functions where at that time the amount of rubbish will be SMART DUSTBIN
loaded rapidly. So, the rubbish that were gathered produce This venture Smart Dustbin is about another
bad smells and it may cause to the destruction of other design used in the city rubbish dustbins where suggest the
general cause harm to public health. center of board for quick collecting of rubbish. This
dustbin is additionally intended to pack the rubbish
IOT BASED SMART GARBAGE AND WASTE periodically therefore keeping the unnecessary involving
COLLECTION BIN of dustbin's space by light weighted yet space possessing
Navghane, S. S. et.al proposed A IOT Based trash particles like wipes, and so on. A leaf switch is
Smart Garbage and Waste Collection Bin, briefly tells that squeezed by the rubbish when it achieves a specific level
this is regarding a trash bin which it is connected with a and an Arduino Uno is customized such that when the
microcontroller. This microcontroller has a system based junk achieves this specific level, intimation is given to the
on the IR wireless and also central system. Central system central hub in the form of glowing of LED [6].
used as show the status of trash by web browser of a Chaware, S. et.al proposed an integrated system
mobile with of a page html using WI-FI. Thus in html of Wi-Fi modem, IoT, GSM, Ultrasonic Sensor is
page the latest out is refreshed. This project depends on introduced for efficient and economic garbage collection.
the working of the Wi-Fi module; essential for its The developed system provides improved database for
implementation. Combination of sensors of weight and IR garbage collection time and waste amount at each location.
sensor give the amount of weight and the separate level. He analyzed the solutions currently available for the
The different level of junks can be known by using the IR implementation of IoT. By implementing this project, then
sensor. While when the trash achieved a level that crossed will avoid over flowing of garbage from the container in
a limit, here weight sensor will be activated so that it can residential area which is previously either loaded manually
send its output. More information about the or with the help of loaders in traditional trucks. It can
microcontroller (ARM LPC2148) and the controller passes automatically monitor the garbage level & send the
the information to transmitter which is the Wi-Fi module. information to collection truck. The technologies which
This combines the microcontroller with 32 kB, 64 kB and are used in the proposed system are good enough to ensure
512 kB of embedded high speed flash memory. For the the practical and perfect for solid garbage collection
recipient part a mobile phone with the Wi-Fi switch must process monitoring and management for green
be connected. In the mobile phone with web program can environment [7].
know the current information regarding the garbage bins Garbage Management is a big issue for everyone
[2] [3]. to need action across it immediately. Lokhande, P. et.al
Monika K A et.al proposed A Smart Dustbin proposed a system that able to observe the different type
based on IoT in which the smart bin was built on a garbage is thrown into dustbin by using sensors. When
platform which was based on Arduino Uno board which dustbin is full or overflowed then ultrasonic sensor is

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detected the level garbage in dustbin or some wet garbage two technologies are used for wirelessly data transmission
is thrown into dustbin is detected by the Moisture sensor over long distance. PIC controller is used to send the
or some unpleasant smell as well as toxic gases are Message to cleaning authority who clean the dustbin by
generated then gas sensor is give the information. This using GSM. It is a real time system; the dustbin status is
sensors output is given to the Micro-controller. In this shown on PC by using GUI. This type of system is used in
system there are two technologies are used like Zigbee and college campus, offices and many places where it is
Global system for Mobile communication (GSM). These suitable [8].

Table-1. The similarities and differences on past and current research.

Journal Similarities Differences

The IoT Based Smart Garbage - use WIFI as the -use different microcontroller
and Waste Collection Bin communication system -use IR sensor
-does not use any sensors and
Smart Dustbin -use Arduino
communication system
Smart Dustbin-An Efficient - use GSM as communication
-use Arduino
Garbage Monitoring System system
Smart Garbage Monitoring -two different way of
-Arduino UNO as the
System using Internet of communication system which
microcontroller
Things (IOT) is GSM and WI-FI
-use different types of
Smart Bin Implementation for - use only one sensor microcontroller
Smart Cities - the communication system
is GSM system
-use different types of
Garbage Collection microcontroller
- use ultrasonic sensor
Management System - use GSM system as
communication system
The Real Time Smart City - use different types of
Garbage Collection and microcontroller
-use same sensor
Monitoring System Using -use GSM system as
GSM and GPS communication system

GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE  Fixed dialling number (FDN)

COMMUNICATION (GSM)  Alarm management with real time clock
The global system for mobile communication  Speech with high quality
modem able to acknowledged any of the GSM that  Phone calls more secure which uses encryption
organizes administrators SIM card. It also can simply act  Text message (SMS)
as a mobile phone that has an own kind of mobile number.
One of the advantages of using this modem is that can
utilize the RS232 port to communicate and embedded
applications created. Exchange of information, control of
SMS and remote control are the applications that can be
use GSM. There are 2 ways that the modem can be
associated whether with PC serial port 13 or any of the
microcontroller via MAX232. This modem can be used for
sending and receive short message. Besides that, can be
used to make and receive voice calls. GPRS mode to
interface with a web and can do some applications for
information logging or control also can be utilized.

GSM module characteristics:

 Effectiveness of improved range

 International roaming
 Can work with integrated services digital network
(ISDN)
 Able to support new services
 Manage SIM phonebook Figure-2. GSM module.

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Buzzer connector or alternative way which is battery to begin. The

Buzzer is one of the devices that normally used in difference of Uno from every single going before board in
electronic device, vehicles, household things, alarm where it does not utilize the FTDI USB to-serial driver
devices, timers and others. It produces a discernable tone chip it includes the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to form
when powered. There are two types of buzzer which are R2) modified as a USB-to-serial converter. For the version
piezo and magnetic. Buzzer is ordinarily utilized as a part 2 of Arduino Uno has a resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line
of home automation undertaking, for example, home alarm to ground, making it simpler to put into DFU mode while
and real industry. It gives a security to the home. In this for the third form, 1.0 pinout (SDA and SLC) are included.
project, buzzer used for sounds a “beep” when the rubbish Besides that, the third form of Arduino Uno has the more
becomes full. grounded circuit and the 8U2 was supplanted by the 16U2.

Table-2. Comparison between Piezo and Magnetic buzzer. ANDROID BASED SMARTPHONE:
CLASSIFICATION AND SELECTION
Piezo Magnetic The project’s smartphone operating system (OS)
Characteristic
Buzzer Buzzer
is one of the first required elements of choices for this
Current project development and An-droid based phones can be
< 30mA 30mA-100Ma
consumption the best model to select from. Such a choice can be
3V-250V Operating voltage 1V-16V because of Android becoming particularly popular
High Sound level Low everywhere today; including its acceptance and ranked
(2017) the first by Google for having Linux Kernel. Upon
High Resonant frequency Low agreement with Android developers, the Google Android
Large Foot print Small OS got specific name for each major of the Android OS
version in alphabetical order with Android 1.0 the earliest
Cheap Price Expensive
and then 1.1 versions, both respectively born in September
2008 and February 2009. However, the first Google based
Microcontroller Android (Cupcake /Android 1.5) was released in April
A little computer or single board of an 2009; and since then Google has started naming every An-
independent system with peripherals, memory and a droid new version. Beyond Cupcake, other versions have
processor is a microcontroller. It can be utilized as an been gradually named: Donut (1.6) and Éclair (2.0 & 2.1)
embedded framework. Besides that, microcontrollers are in 2009, Froyo (2.2 to 2.2.3) and Gingerbread (2.3 to
intended for installed applications, as opposed to the 2.3.7) in 2010, Honeycumb (3.0 to 3.2.6) and Ice Cream
microchips utilized as a part of computers or other broadly Sandwich (4.0 to 4.9.4) in 2011..., Nougat (7.0 to 7.1.2)
useful applications comprising of different discrete chips. and Creo (8.0) respectively in 2016 and 2017.
Most programmable microcontrollers that are utilized Arduino is an important component for home
today installed in other buyer items or hardware. The remote control systems project for being the main
items are including telephones, peripherals, cars and component of all involved systems that commands and
household items for PC system. Then, microcontrollers are manages all other components participation to the
devoted to an undertaking and compile a particular operation of the whole remote control system. For, the
program. In ROM (read-only memory) the program is interface inside the smartphone can make communicate
stored. Microcontrollers are frequently low-control with the appliances through the capability of the Arduino
devices. Moreover, microcontroller ordered by a few that use the Bluetooth module’s connectivity. The
parameters that are bits, packaging type, RAM size, speed, selection of a model from the different Arduino types is
flash size, supply voltage and the number of input and also important to assure that it can fit with the required
output lines. behaviors from the command inputs as analyzed and
decided in advance to the project start. Here are some
Arduino basic details about Android based hand-phones that can be
An Arduino can know as an open source for the in home control systems.
PC equipment and the programming organizations. It also
used in project and user group which plans and fabricates  Arduino Yun is a board that is used when designing
the single-board microcontrollers. Microcontroller units connected devices or generally for the Internet of
for building advanced gadgets or intelligent items able to Things (IOT) projects. It combines the power of
detect and to limit the objects in the physical and Linux with the ease of use with Arduino systems.
computerized world. The Arduino Uno is one of the  The connection from Arduino: Ethernet and Wi-Fi
microcontroller boards. It comprises of input/output pins support, a USB-A port, micro-SD card slot, 20 digital
where 6 of them can be utilized as PWM outputs, a power input and output pins, with 3 reset buttons included on
jack, 6 of analog inputs, USB connection, 16 MHz crystal the Arduino board [9]. It is a microcontroller board
oscillator, ICSP header, and also reset button. Arduino based on the ATmega32u4 and the Atheros AR9331,
available with everything that expected can help the which is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller
microcontroller. It is just need to associate to a PC by based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture [10].
using USB link or can power it with an AC-to-DC And it also distinguishes itself from other Arduino

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boards in that it can communicate with the Linux becoming user's favorite. PIC16F877A finds its
distribution on board, offering a powerful networked applications in a huge number of devices. It is used in
computer with the ease of Arduino. remote sensors, security and safety devices, home
 The Arduino Mega is a microcontroller board based automation and in many industrial instruments. An
on the ATmega1280. It has 54 digital input/output EEPROM is also featured in it which makes it possible to
pins, 16 analogue inputs, 4 UARTs a reset button, store some of the information permanently like transmitter
etc.; [11], and its power source is selected codes and receiver frequencies and some other related
automatically [11]. data. The cost of this controller is low and its handling is
 Arduino Uno possesses (Figure-1) a microcontroller also easy. Its flexible and can be used in areas where
as the brain, which is ATmega328 IC. It consists of microcontrollers have never been used before.
six analogue inputs and also 14 digital input/output, a
USB connection, an external power supply, a power PROJECT METHODOLOGY
LED, and a reset button; etc. It is also known as the
first in the series of USB based Arduino boards; and Project design
based on Android 1.0 (the Arduino software /IDE) it
has become the reference model for the Arduino
platform (e.g. Figure-1). Arduino Uno is viewed also
by others as suitable model for beginners.

Figure-4. Smart dustbin project’s input, output

and process.

Block diagram of project

Figure-3. Arduino Uno components board layout

(E.g. Arduino-Uno-VS-ESP8266) [12].

PIC16F877A MICROCONTROLLER
In industry, PIC 16F877A microcontroller isn't an
uncommon microcontroller for user. This PIC are
generally utilized as a part of any small scale venture,
security and safety devices, remote sensors, home
automation and in numerous modern instruments in
computerized electronic circuit. Other than that, the coding Figure-5. The block diagram of smart dustbin by using
is simple compose and straightforwardness lead the user Apps system.
can use many as could be expected under the
circumstances that need it. The coding of this
microcontroller additionally easy and understand by user.
It has 40 pins all together and comprises of 33 pins for
input and output. Additionally, this microcontroller
likewise low cost and adaptable and it move toward

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Flowchart of process flow showed successful results for the different appliances
when switched ON and OFF using the apps that has been
developed. Some of the functionality testing details are
given in pictures by next paragraphs.

Figure-7. All LED’s turned on when rubbish reached

maximum level.

Figure-6. Flow Chart of Project System.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The system has been tried to show the working
process on the project of smart dustbin by using Apps
system which is Blynk where it has already been
projected. The application in this project to work as
interface and Arduino to work together with function to
give and control the commands given by the android
application able to be done with the combination of
software application and hardware component which had
been used in this project. The application which used is
able to send reminder and alert notification to the cleaning
department.

FINAL RESULT OF HARDWARE AND BLYNK

APPS

Performance analysis Figure-8. Reminder notification in Blynk Apps.

For verification on the functionality correctness
of the developed product, a series of testing operation took
place as the final step of the project work. The tests

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Average time taken to response

between ESP8266 and Blynk Apps
2.5 (s)

Average time taken to response (s)

2

1.5

0.5

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Range of distance (m)
Figure-10. Graph of average time taken to response
between ESP8266 and Blynk Apps (s).

Analysis of ultrasonic sensor reading

The table and graph below shows the analysis of
ultrasonic sensor readings comparison between the sensor
value and actual distance value. The actual readings were
measured by using measuring tape. The ranges of reading
of the ultrasonic sensor are between 10m until 40m. The
Figure-9. Alert notification dustbin is full in Blynk Apps. readings difference between the sensor reading and actual
reading are almost same actual reading. The difference is
Analysis on Wi-Fi module with Blynk Apps only 1cm.
The time that had been taken for the ESP8266
Wi-Fi Module to response with Blynk Apps has been Table-4. Analysis on Wi-Fi module with Blynk Apps.
analyzed from 10 different distance ranges. Each of the
distance ranges was analyzed three times and the average Sensor Reading (cm) Actual Reading (cm)
time taken was calculated. From this we able to get 10 9
average time taken for the each different distance ranges.
Each distance has different average time taken for the 15 15
ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module to response. The average of time 20 19
taken to response for each distance has been show in the
25 26
table as below.
35 36
Table-3. Analysis on Wi-Fi module with Blynk Apps. 40 39
Average time taken to
Range of distance
response between ESP8266
(m)
and Blynk Apps (s) Ultrasonic Sensor Distance VS
10 1.16 Actual Distance
20 1.26 40
Actual Distance (cm)

30 1.40
30
40 1.46
50 1.63 20
60 1.66
Actual Reading (cm)
70 1.73 10
80 1.83
0
90 1.86 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Sensor distance (cm)
100 -
Figure-11. Graph of ultrasonic sensor distance with
actual distance.

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implementation have been also introduced throughout this

article. These attempts include various technical details
from the theory to practical realization of this category of
Smart Dustbin by using Apps.
As to the testing and result analysis, the system
able to be as an observing system where it will send
reminder and alert notifications to the cleaning department
when the ultrasonic sensor calculates the level of the
rubbish in the dustbin by using Blynk Apps. The Blynk
Apps will be in online mode when the hardware or the
dustbin is able to use by anyone to throw rubbish. The
Blynk Apps received the data from the dustbin when
people throw rubbish into the dustbin. It will send data
starts from the dustbin in the empty condition until the
rubbish in the dustbin reached a maximum level where it
can be identified by sensor. The color of LED’s changing
proportionally with the level of rubbish in the dustbin.
Next, the system can send data from one location to
another location. It has been tested by using different
ranges of distance such as 10m, 20m, 30m until the
distance is 100m. The data sent from one location to
another location with the different response of time from
the Wi-Fi Module with the Blynk Apps. The time taken to
response does not have much difference.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Figure-12. Project design simplified flowchart. The authors would like to thank for the support
given to this research by Ministry of Higher Education
The overall steeps for the project realization Malaysia and Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
stages can be summarized into six sequences (Figure-12), (UTeM) under the Grant PJP/2019/FTKEE (5A)/S01658.
namely: planning/ideas brain-storming, literature review; We thank also those who contributed in any other forms
project design, prototype implementation; modeled for this paper.
solutions testing and validation.
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[11] W3.arduino.cc/, Arduino - Arduino Board Mega ADK

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[12] kunanontoon.blogspot.com/, 2015 Arduino Uno VS

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