Student database handling:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import os

import csv

# Function to read the CSV file & convert it into hash

def hash_reader(database_file):

top_hash = {}

with open(database_file, 'r', newline='') as csv_file:

csv_reader = csv.DictReader(csv_file)

for row in csv_reader:

name = row['Name']

subject = row['Subject']

marks = float(row['Marks'])

if name not in top_hash:

top_hash[name] = {}

top_hash[name][subject] = marks

return top_hash

# Function to calculate total marks for each student

def calculate_mark(data_hash):

total_marks = {}

for student, subjects in data_hash.items():

total = 0

for subject, marks in subjects.items():

total += marks

total_marks[student] = total

return total_marks

# Function to print students in ranking order

def print_in_ranking_order(mark_hash):

print("\n***********[Students in ranking order]************")

# Sort the students by total marks in descending order

sorted_student = sorted(mark_hash.items(), key=lambda x: x[1],

for name, marks in sorted_student:

print(f"{name}: {marks}")

# Function to extract unique subject names from database

def get_subject(data_hash):

unique_subjects = set(subject for subjects in data_hash.values() for

return list(unique_subjects)

# Function to find and print top students in each subject

def print_top_student(data_hash):

print("\n**********[Top students in each subject]**********")

# Get unique subject names

unique_subjects = get_subject(data_hash)

for subject in unique_subjects:

top_student = ""

max_mark = 0

for student, subjects in data_hash.items():

marks = subjects.get(subject, 0) # Default to 0 if subject not

if marks > max_mark:

max_mark = marks

top_student = student

elif marks == max_mark:

top_student += f", {student}"

print(f"Top student in {subject}: {top_student} (Marks: {max_mark})")

# Function to calculate and print average marks in each subject

def calculate_avg_mark(subject, data):

print("\n**********[Average mark in each subject]**********")

for sub in subject:

total_mark = 0
 num_of_student = 0

for student, subs in data.items():

marks = subs.get(sub, 0) # Default to 0 if subject not found

total_mark += marks

num_of_student += 1

if num_of_student > 0:

avg_mark = total_mark / num_of_student

print(f"Average marks in {sub}: {avg_mark:.2f}")

else:

print(f"No students found for {sub}")

# Function to print total marks for each student

def print_total_mark(mark_hash):

print("\n**********[Total marks for each student]**********")

for student, marks in total_mark_hash.items():

print(f"Total marks for {student} is: {marks}")

# Function to update or append data in the database

def update_or_append(file_name, new_name, new_subject, new_mark):

# Open the file in read mode to read existing data

with open(file_name, 'r', newline='') as csv_file:

csv_reader = csv.reader(csv_file)

lines = list(csv_reader)

found = False

# Iterate through the lines and update or append data

for i, line in enumerate(lines):

name, sub, mark = line

if name == new_name and sub == new_subject:

# Update marks for existing entry

found = True

lines[i] = [new_name, new_subject, new_mark]

# If not found, append a new entry

if not found:
 lines.append([new_name, new_subject, new_mark])

# Open the file in write mode to write data

with open(file_name, 'w', newline='') as csv_file:

csv_writer = csv.writer(csv_file)

csv_writer.writerows(lines)

# Function to remove an existing student from database

def remove_data(file_name, student_name):

# Temporary file to store data

temp_file = "temp.csv"

# Open the original database file for reading data

with open(file_name, 'r', newline='') as input_file:

# Open the temporary file for writing

with open(temp_file, 'w', newline='') as output_file:

for line in input_file:

name, _ = line.strip().split(',', 1) # Extract the name from

# Check if the student's name is not in the list of students

if name not in student_name:

output_file.write(line)

# Replace the original file with the temporary file

os.replace(temp_file, file_name)

# Function to print progress card for a student

def print_prog_card(student, data):

print(f"Progress card for {student}:")

print("╔════════════╦════════╗")

print("║ Subject ║ Marks ║")

print("╠════════════╬════════╣")

for subject, marks in data.items():

print(f"║ {subject:<10} ║ {marks:6.2f} ║")

# Call the function to read the csv file

database_file = "database.csv"

data_hash = hash_reader(database_file)

# Calculate total marks

total_mark_hash = calculate_mark(data_hash)

# No.1: Total number of students

num_of_students = len(data_hash)

print(f"Total number of students: {num_of_students}")

# No.2: Students in ranking order

print_in_ranking_order(total_mark_hash)

print("**************************************************")

# No.3: Top student in each subject

print_top_student(data_hash)

print("**************************************************")

# No.4: Average marks in each subject

uniq_subject = get_subject(data_hash)

calculate_avg_mark(uniq_subject, data_hash)

print("**************************************************")

# No. 5: Total marks for each student

print_total_mark(total_mark_hash)

print("**************************************************")

# No.6 & No.7 Update the marks of a given student in a given subject & append
the new student marks to the database

'''

update_or_append(database_file, "Somu", "Maths", "99")

update_or_append(database_file, "Somu", "Science", "89")

update_or_append(database_file, "Somu", "Social", "49")

'''

# No.8: Remove existing student from the database

remove_data(database_file, "Somu")

'''

# No.9: Progress card for each student

print("\nPrinting progress cards for all students:")

for student, subjects in data_hash.items():

print_prog_card(student, subjects)

Outputs:
Adding data to database:

Removing data from database: